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the ancien regime(硬汚妖)-及6准

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plough�察  �the   olive�察  �or   the   vine�察  �a   gift   of   the   immortal   gods�此�and   yet   an 

instrument so simple�察�so easy�察�and so perfect�察�that it spread over all races 

in   Europe   and America�察  �and   no   substitute   could   be   found   for   it   till   the 

latter part   of the  fifteenth century。         Yes�察�a  great genius   was he�察 �and the 

consequent founder of a great aristocracy and conquering race�察�who first 

invented for himself and his children after him abow and arrow。 

     The nextwhether before or after the first in time�察�it suits me to speak 

of him in second placewas the man who was the potential ancestor of the 

whole Ritterschaft�察�Chivalry�察�and knightly caste of Europe�察�the man who 

first�察�finding a foal upon the steppe�察�deserted by its dam�察�brought it home�察�

and   reared   it�察  �and   then   bethought   him   of   the   happy  notion   of   making   it 

drawpresumably by its taila fashion which endured long in Ireland�察�and 

had   to   be   forbidden   by   law�察  �I   think   as   late   as   the   sixteenth   century。 A 

great aristocrat must that man have become。                  A greater still he who first 

substituted the bit for the halter。           A greater still he who first thought of 

wheels。      A greater still he who conceived the yoke and pole for bearing 

up   his   chariot�察  �for   that   same   yoke�察  �and   pole�察  �and   chariot�察  �became   the 

peculiar   instrument   of   conquerors   like   him   who   mightily   oppressed   the 

children of   Israel�察�for   he had nine   hundred chariots   of iron。             Egyptians�察�

Syrians�察�Assyrians�察�Greeks�察�Romansnone of them improved on the form 

of the conquering biga�察�till it was given up by a race who preferred a pair 

of   shafts   to   their   carts�察  �and   who   had   learnt   to   ride   instead   of   drive。 A 

great   aristocrat�察  �again�察  �must   he   have   been   among   those   latter   races   who 

first conceived the notion of getting on his horse's back�察�accommodating 



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his motions to the beast's�察�and becoming a centaur�察�half´man�察�half´horse。 

That   invention   must   have   tended�察  �in   the   first   instance�察  �as   surely   toward 

democracy as did the invention of firearms。                  A tribe of riders must have 

been   always�察  �more   or   less�察  �equal   and   free。    Equal   because   a   man   on   a 

horse would feel himself a man indeed�察�because the art of riding called out 

an independence�察�a self´help�察�a skill�察�a consciousness of power�察�a personal 

pride   and   vanity�察  �which   would   defy   slavery。        Free�察  �because   a   tribe   of 

riders might be defeated�察�exterminated�察�but never enchained。                     They could 

never   become   gleboe   adscripti�察  �bound   to   the   soil�察  �as   long   as   they   could 

take horse and saddle�察�and away。             History gives us more than one glimpse 

of such tribesthe scourge and terror of the non´riding races with whom 

they    came     in  contact。     Some�察    �doubtless�察    �remember       how    in  the   wars 

between   Alfred   and   the   Danes�察   �the   army;   ��the   Scandinavian   invaders�� 

again   and   again   horse   themselves�察  �steal   away   by   night   from   the   Saxon 

infantry�察�and ride over the land ��whether in England or in France���察 �doing 

unspeakable evil。;         To that special instinct of horsemanship�察�which still 

distinguishes their descendants�察�we may attribute mainly the Scandinavian 

settlement of the north and east of England。               Some�察�too�察�may recollect the 

sketch   of   the   primeval   Hun�察  �as   he   first   appeared   to   the   astonished   and 

disgusted   old   Roman   soldier Ammianus   Marcellinus�察  �the   visages   ;more 

like cakes than faces�察─�the ;figures like those which are hewn out with an 

axe on the poles at bridge´ ends�察─�the rat´skin coats�察�which they wore till 

they rotted off their limbs�察�their steaks of meat cooked between the saddle 

and the thigh�察�the little horses on which ;they eat and drink�察�buy and sell�察�

and   sleep   lying   forward   along   his   narrow   neck�察  �and   indulging   in   every 

variety of dream。;         And over and above�察�and more important politically�察�

the common councils ;held on horseback�察�under the authority of no king�察�

but content with the irregular government of nobles�察�under whose leading 

they force their way through all obstacles。;                A racelike those Cossacks 

who are probably their lineal descendantsto be feared�察�to be hired�察�to be 

petted�察�but not to be conquered。 

     Instances   nearer   home   of   free   equestrian   races   we   have   in   our   own 

English   borderers�察  �among   whom   ��as   Mr。   Froude   says��   the   farmers   and 

their   farm´servants   had   but   to      snatch   their   arms   and   spring   into   their 



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saddles and they became at once the Northern Horse�察�famed as the finest 

light   cavalry   in   the  world。    And     equal   to  themsuperior      even�察  �if  we 

recollect that they preserved their country's freedom for centuries against 

the   superior   force   of   Englandwere   those   troops   of   Scots   who�察  �century 

after century�察�swept across the border on their little garrons�察�their bag of 

oatmeal hanging by the saddle�察�with the iron griddle whereon to bake it�察�

careless of weather and of danger�察�men too swift to be exterminated�察�too 

independent to be enslaved。 

     But if horsemanship had�察�in these cases�察�a levelling tendency it would 

have the very opposite when a riding tribe conquered a non´ riding one。 

The conquerors would�察�as much as possible�察�keep the art and mystery of 

horsemanship hereditary among themselves�察�and become a Ritterschaft or 

chivalrous      caste。   And     they   would     be   able  to   do  so�此   �because     the 

conquered race would not care or dare to learn the new and dangerous art。 

There are persons�察�even in England�察�who can never learn to ride。                     There 

are   whole   populations   in   Europe�察  �even   now�察  �when   races   have   become 

almost   indistinguishably   mixed�察       �who    seem   unable     to  learn。   And    this 

must   have   been   still   more   the   case   when   the   races   were   more   strongly 

separated   in   blood   and   habits。    So   the   Teutonic   chief�察  �with   his   gesitha�察�

comites�察�or select band of knights�察�who had received from him�察�as Tacitus 

has it�察�the war´horse and the lance�察�established himself as the natural ruler´ 

´and oppressorof the non´riding populations�察�first over the aborigines of 

Germany proper�察�tribes who seem to have been enslaved�察�and their names 

lost�察�before the time of Tacitus�察�and then over the non´riding Romans and 

Gauls to the South and West�察�and the Wendish and Sclavonic tribes to the 

East。    Very  few  in   numbers�察 �but   mighty  in   their   unequalled   capacity  of 

body     and    mind�察   �and    in   their   terrible   horsemanship�察      �the   Teutonic 

Ritterschaft   literally   rode   roughshod   over   the   old   world�察  �never   checked�察�

but when they came in contact with the free´riding hordes of the Eastern 

steppes�察�and so established an equestrian caste�察�of which the ��Greek text�А�

of Athens and the Equites of Rome had been only hints ending in failure 

and absorption。 

     Of that equestrian caste the symbol was the horse。              The favourite�察�and 

therefore the chosen sacrifice of Odin�察�their ancestor and God�察�the horse's 



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flesh was eaten at the sacrificial meal�察�the horse's head�察�hung on the ash in 

Odin's wood�察�gave forth oracular responses。 As Christianity came in�察�and 

the eating of horse´flesh was forbidden as impiety by the Church�察 �while 

his oracles dwindled down to such as that which Falada's dead head gives 

to the goose´girl in the German tale�察�the magic power of the horse figured 

only in ballads and legends�此        �but his real power remained。 

     The art of riding became an hereditary and exclusive scienceat last a 

pedantry�察�hampered by absurd etiquettes�察�and worse than useless traditions�察�

but   the   power   and   right   to   ride   remained   on   the   whole   the   mark   of   the 

dominant caste。        Terribly did they often abuse that special power。               The 

faculty of making a horse carry him no more makes a man a good man�察�

than the faculties of making money�察�making speeches�察�making books�察�or 

making   a   noise   about   public   abuses。     And   of   all   ruffians�察  �the   worst�察  �if 

history is to be trusted�察�is the ruffian on a horse�察�to whose bru

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