glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽)-及11准
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
vegetable forms�拭 �What are the groups of grey bladders�察 �with
something like a little bud at the tip�拭 �What are the hundreds of little
pink´striped pears�拭 �What those tiny babies' heads�察 �covered with grey
prickles instead of hair�拭 �The great red star´fish�察�which Ulster children
call ;the bad man's hands�察─ �and the great whelks�察 �which the youth of
Musselburgh know as roaring buckies�察 �these we have seen before�察 �but
what�察�oh what�察�are the red capsicums�拭 �
Yes�察�what are the red capsicums�拭�and why are they poking�察�snapping�察�
starting�察 �crawling�察 �tumbling wildly over each other�察 �rattling about the
huge mahogany cockles�察�as big as a child's two fists�察�out of which they
are protruded�拭 �Mark them well�察 �for you will perhaps never see them
again。 They are a Mediterranean species�察 �or rather three species�察 �left
behind upon these extreme south´western coasts�察 �probably at the
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vanishing of that warmer ancient epoch�察�which clothed the Lizard Point
with the Cornish heath�察 �and the Killarney mountains with Spanish
saxifrages�察 �and other relics of a flora whose home is now the Iberian
peninsula and the sunny cliffs of the Riviera。 Rare on every other
shore�察 �even in the west�察 �it abounds in Torbay at certain�察 �or rather
uncertain�察�times�察�to so prodigious an amount�察�that the dredge�察�after five
minutes' scrape�察�will sometimes come up choked full of this great cockle
only。 You will see hundreds of them in every cove for miles this day�察�a
seeming waste of life�察�which would be awful�察�in our eyes�察�were not the
Divine Ruler�察 �as His custom is�察 �making this destruction the means of
fresh creation�察�by burying them in the sands�察�as soon as washed on shore�察�
to fertilize the strata of some future world。 It is but a shell´fish truly�察�
but the great Cuvier thought it remarkable enough to devote to its
anatomy elaborate descriptions and drawings�察 �which have done more
perhaps than any others to illustrate the curious economy of the whole
class of bivalve�察�or double´shelled�察�mollusca。 ��Plate II。 Fig。 3。��
That red capsicum is the foot of the animal contained in the
cockleshell。 By its aid it crawls�察�leaps�察�and burrows in the sand�察 �where
it lies drinking in the salt water through one of its siphons�察 �and
discharging it again through the other。 Put the shell into a rock pool�察�or
a basin of water�察�and you will see the siphons clearly。 The valves gape
apart some three´quarters of an inch。 The semi´pellucid orange
;mantle; fills the intermediate space。 Through that mantle�察�at the end
from which the foot curves�察�the siphons protrude�察�two thick short tubes
joined side by side�察 �their lips fringed with pearly cirri�察 �or fringes�察 �and
very beautiful they are。 The larger is always open�察�taking in the water�察�
which is at once the animal's food and air�察�and which�察�flowing over the
delicate inner surface of the mantle�察 �at once oxygenates its blood�察 �and
fills its stomach with minute particles of decayed organized matter。
The smaller is shut。 Wait a minute�察 �and it will open suddenly and
discharge a jet of clear water�察�which has been robbed�察 �I suppose�察�of its
oxygen and its organic matter。 But�察�I suppose�察 �your eyes will be rather
attracted by that same scarlet and orange foot�察�which is being drawn in
and thrust out to a length of nearly four inches�察 �striking with its point
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against any opposing object�察 �and sending the whole shell backwards
with a jerk。 The point�察�you see�察�is sharp and tongue´like�察�only flattened�察�
not horizontally�察 �like a tongue�察�but perpendicularly�察�so as to form�察�as it
was intended�察�a perfect sand´plough�察�by which the animal can move at
will�察�either above or below the surface of the sand。 ��2��
But for colour and shape�察�to what shall we compare it�拭 �To polished
cornelian�察 �says Mr。 Gosse。 I say�察 �to one of the great red capsicums
which hang drying in every Covent´garden seedsman's window。 Yet is
either simile better than the guess of a certain lady�察�who�察�entering a room
wherein a couple of Cardium tuberculatum were waltzing about a plate�察�
exclaimed�察 �Oh dear� �I always heard that my pretty red coral came out
of a fish�察�and here it is all alive� ─�
;C。 tuberculatum�察─�says Mr。 Gosse ��who described it from specimens
which I sent him in 1854���察 �is far the finest species。 The valves are
more globose and of a warmer colour�察 �those that I have seen are even
more spinous。; Such may have been the case in those I sent�此 �but it has
occurred to me now and then to dredge specimens of C。 aculeatum�察�
which had escaped that rolling on the sand fatal in old age to its delicate
spines�察�and which equalled in colour�察�size�察�and perfectness the noble one
figured in poor dear old Dr。 Turton's ;British Bivalves。; Besides�察�
aculeatum is a far thinner and more delicate shell。 And a third species�察�
C。 echinatum�察�with curves more graceful and continuous�察�is to be found
now and then with the two former。 In it�察 �each point�察 �instead of
degenerating into a knot�察�as in tuberculatum�察�or developing from delicate
flat briar´ prickles into long straight thorns�察�as in aculeatum�察�is close´set
to its fellow�察�and curved at the point transversely to the shell�察 �the whole
being thus horrid with hundreds of strong tenterhooks�察 �making his castle
impregnable to the raveners of the deep。 For we can hardly doubt that
these prickles are meant as weapons of defence�察 �without which so
savoury a morsel as the mollusc within ��cooked and eaten largely on
some parts of our south coast�� would be a staple article of food for sea´
beasts of prey。 And it is noteworthy�察 �first�察 �that the defensive thorns
which are permanent on the two thinner species�察 �aculeatum and
echinatum�察�disappear altogether on the thicker one�察�tuberculatum�察�as old
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age gives him a solid and heavy globose shell�察 �and next�察 �that he too�察�
while young and tender�察 �and liable therefore to be bored through by
whelks and such murderous univalves�察 �does actually possess the same
briar´ prickles�察 �which his thinner cousins keep throughout life。
Nevertheless�察 �prickles�察 �in all three species�察 �are�察 �as far as we can see�察�
useless in Torbay�察 �where no wolf´fish ��Anarrhichas lupus�� or other
owner of shell´crushing jaws wanders�察�terrible to lobster and to cockle。
Originally intended�察�as we suppose�察�to face the strong´ toothed monsters of
the Mediterranean�察�these foreigners have wandered northward to shores
where their armour is not now needed�察 �and yet centuries of idleness and
security have not been able to persuade them to lay it by。 This ´ if my
explanation is the right one ´ is but one more case among hundreds in
which peculiarities�察 �useful doubtless to their original possessors�察�remain�察�
though now useless�察 �in their descendants。 Just so does the tame ram
inherit the now superfluous horns of his primeval wild ancestors�察�though
he fights now