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glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽)-及12准

弌傍�� glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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inherit     the now superfluous horns of his primeval wild ancestors�察�though 

he    fights   now   ´   if   he   fights   at   all   ´   not   with   his   horns�察  �but   with   his 

forehead。 

     Enough of Cardium tuberculatum。                 Now for the other animals of the 

heap�察�and first�察�for those long white razors。                They�察�as well as the         grey 

scimitars�察�are Solens�察�Razor´fish ��Solen siliqua and S。                   ensis���察�burrowers 

in   the   sand    by   that  foot   which     protrudes     from   one     end�察   �nimble    in 

escaping   from   the   Torquay   boys�察  �whom   you   will   see          boring   for   them 

with a long iron screw�察�on the sands at low tide。                  They are very good to 

eat�察�these razor´fish�察�at least�察�for those          who so think them�察�and abound in 

millions upon all our sandy           shores。 ��3�� 

     Now for the tapering brown spires。                They are Turritellae�察�snail´ like 

animals      ��though     the  form    of   the  shell   is  different���察  �who     crawl    and 

browse by thousands on the beds of Zostera�察�or grass wrack�察                      �which you 

see   thrown   about   on   the   beach�察  �and   which   grows   naturally         in   two   or 

three   fathoms   water。      Stay�此    �here   is   one   which   is   ;more    than   itself。; 

On its back is mounted a cluster of barnacles                 ��Balanus Porcatus���察�of the 

same   family   as   those   which   stud   the     tide´rocks   in   millions�察  �scratching 

the legs of hapless bathers。           Of    them�察�I will speak presently�察�for I may 

have     a  still  more   curious     member       of  the   family   to   show    you。    But 



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meanwhile�察�look at the mouth             of the shell�察�a long grey worm protrudes 

from it�察�which is not the        rightful inhabitant。      He is dead long since�察�and 

his   place   has   been   occupied   by   one   Sipunculus   Bernhardi�察  �a   wight   of 

low    degree�察   �who     connects     ;radiate;    with   annulate    forms    ´  in  plain 

English�察  �sea´   cucumbers   ��of   which   we   shall   see   some   soon��   with   sea´ 

worms。      But     however low in the scale of comparative anatomy�察�he has 

wit enough       to take care of himself�察�mean ugly little worm as he seems。 

For    finding the mouth of the Turritella too big for him�察�he has               plastered 

it up with sand and mud ��Heaven alone knows how���察�just as                     a wry´neck 

plasters up a hole in an apple´tree when she intends to               build therein�察�and 

has left only a round hole�察�out of which he can                poke his proboscis。        A 

curious thing is this proboscis�察�when seen              through the magnifier。         You 

perceive a ring of tentacles round the            mouth�察�for picking up I know not 

what�察�and you will perceive�察�too�察          �if you watch it�察�that when he draws it 

in�察  �he   turns   mouth�察  �tentacles   and   all�察  �inwards�察  �and   so   down   into   his 

stomach�察�just as       if you were to turn the finger of a glove inward from the 

tip till   it passed into the hand�察�and so performs�察�every time he eats�察�the 

clown's as yet ideal feat�察�of jumping down his own throat。 ��4�� 

     So much have we seen on one little shell。               But there is more to see 

close to it。     Those yellow plants which I likened to squirrels'               tails and 

lobsters' horns�察�and what not�察�are zoophytes of different               kinds。     Here is 

Sertularia   argentea   ��true   squirrel's   tail���察  �here�察�S。   filicula�察  �as   delicate   as 

tangled     threads   of   glass�察 �here�察  �abietina�察  �here�察  �rosacea。    The     lobsters' 

horns are Antennaria         antennina�察�and mingled with them are Plumulariae�察�

always to be       distinguished from Sertulariae by polypes growing on one 

side   of    the   branch�察  �and   not   on   both。  Here   is   falcata�察  �with   its   roots 

twisted round a sea´weed。          Here is cristata�察�on the same weed�察�and             here 

is a piece of the beautiful myriophyllum�察�which has been                   battered in its 

long journey out of the deep water about the ore              rock。    For all these you 

must   consult   Johnson's   ;Zoophytes�察─  �and         for   a   dozen   smaller   species�察�

which you would probably find tangled               among them�察�or parasitic on the 

sea´weed。      Here   are   Flustrae�察  �or    sea´mats。     This�察  �which   smells      very 

like Verbena�察�is Flustra        coriacea ��Pl。 I。 Fig。 2��。      That scurf on the frond 

of ore´weed is       F。 lineata ��Pl。 Fig。 1��。      The glass bells twined about this 



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Sertularia   are   Campanularia   syringa   ��Pl。   I。   Fig。   9���察  �and   here   is   a   tiny 

plant   of   Cellularia   ciliata   ��Pl。   I。  Fig。  8��。 Look   at it   through  the   field´ 

glass�察�for   it is   truly  wonderful。      Each polype        cell   is edged   with   whip´ 

like spines�察�and on the back of some of                 them is ´ what is it�察�but a live 

vulture's head�察�snapping and           snapping ´ what for�拭�

     Nay�察  �reader�察  �I   am   here   to   show   you   what   can   be   seen�此  �but   as   for 

telling you what can be known�察�much more what cannot�察�I decline�察                          �and 

refer   you   to   Johnson's   ;Zoophytes�察─  �wherein   you   will   find   that       several 

species of polypes carry these same birds' heads�此                  �but    whether they be 

parts of the polype�察�and of what use they are�察�no               man living knoweth。 

     Next�察�what are the striped pears�拭             �They are sea´anemones�察�and of a 

species      only   lately    well   known�察     �Sagartia    viduata�察    �the   snake´locked 

anemone ��Pl。 V。 Fig。 3��5����。          They have been washed off the loose                stones 

to   which   they   usually   adhere   by   the   pitiless   roll   of   the  ground´swell�察�

however�察�they are not so far gone�察�but that if you                take one of them home�察�

and   put   it   in   a   jar   of   water�察  �it   will   expand into   a   delicate   compound 

flower�察  �which   can   neither   be   described   nor        painted�察  �of   long   pellucid 

tentacles�察�hanging like a thin bluish            cloud over a disk of mottled brown 

and grey。 

     Here�察    �adhering    to   this  large   whelk�察   �is  another�察   �but   far  larger   and 

coarser。     It is Sagartia parasitica�察�one of our largest British              species�察�and 

most singular in this�察�that it is almost always ��in               Torbay�察�at least�撮� found 

adhering to a whelk�此         �but never to a live       one�察�and for this reason。          The 

live whelk ��as you may see for             yourself when the tide is out�� burrows in 

the sand in chase of         hapless bivalve shells�察�whom he bores through with 

his sharp tongue         ��always�察�cunning fellow�察�close to the hinge�察�where the 

fish is���察   �and then sucks out their life。         Now�察�if the anemone stuck to him�察�

it would be carried under the sand daily�察�to its own disgust。                    It   prefers�察�

therefore�察�the dead whelk�察�inhabited by a soldier crab�察                �Pagurus Bernhardi 

��Pl。  II。   Fig。  2���察  �of   which   you   may  find   a   dozen    anywhere   as   the   tide 

goes out�察�and travels about at the crab's               expense�察�sharing with him the 

offal   which   is   his   food。   Note�察    �moreover�察  �that   the   soldier   crab   is   the 

most hasty and blundering of             marine animals�察�as active as a monkey�察�and 

as subject to panics as         a horse�察�wherefore the poor anemone on his back 



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must have a hard        life of it�察�being knocked about against rocks and shells�察�

without      warning�察�from morn to night and night to morn。               Against which 

danger�察    �kind   Nature�察   �ever   MAXIMA         IN   MINIMIS�察      �has   provided    by 

fitting him with a stout leather coat�察�which she has given�察�I               believe�察�to no 

other of his family。 

     Next�察  �for   the   babies'   heads�察  �covered   with   prickles�察  �instead   of  hair。 

They are sea´urchins�察�Amphidotus cordatus�察�which burrow by                      thousands 

in the sand。      These are of that Spatangoid form�察�which                 you will often 

find   fossil   in   the   chalk�察  �and   which   shepherd   boys    call   snakes'   heads。 

We shall soon find another sort�察�an Echinus�察              �and have time to talk over 

these most strange ��i

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