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an inch long and a quarter…inch wide made by shrapnel。 After what seemed 
an eternity that in fact had lasted for less than ten minutes; the bombs 
were away and Hammer’s plane turned for home。 〃We were bat veterans 
now。〃
    __________________________
    Radio operator Sgt。 Howard Goodner flew his first mission in October; 
1944。 His plane was a B…24 flown by Lt。 Richard Farrington; his squadron 
was the 787th; a part of the 466th Bomb Group; Eighth Air Force。 Low clouds 
covered the airfield and when Farrington got his craft off the ground; he 
could not see。 Flying blind as he climbed; relying on his instruments; following 
his heading; Farrington was quickly covered with sweat。 Up; up; up he went; 
until he got above the clouds。 No amount of practice could have prepared 
the pilot and crew for what they encountered  — B…24's; glittering like 
mica; were popping up out of the clouds over here; over there; everywhere。 
They formed up and straightened out for the target。 Farrington called out 
over the inter; 〃This is it; boys。 We’re on our way to the war。〃
    Ahead shells were bursting all over the sky; sending out shards of shrapnel。 
The lead squadron of B…24's penetrated the flak。 〃Mary; Mother of God;〃 
one crew member mumbled into the inter。 〃Mary; Mother of God; get me 
out of this。〃 Farrington took them right into it。 Jarring detonations erupted 
around them。 The plane bumped and shuddered。 But it kept flying straight 
and level; until the bombs were released。 Farrington banked; got away from 
the flak; and headed home。 Sergeant Goodner reached into his jacket pocket 
for the Tootsie Roll he carried with him。 It was frozen solid。 When the 
plane landed; Goodner had his first mission behind him。
    _____________________________
    On November 18; McGovern was Surbeck’s co…pilot on another milk run。 
The target was the German airfield near Vicenza; Austria。 The weather was 
fair and the bombing was visual。 Over 50 per cent of the bombs fell in the 
target area causing extensive damage to the installation。 Flak was light 
and generally inaccurate。 No German fighters were seen。 The group returned 
to Cerignola without casualties。
    McGovern flew again the next day and it was no milk run。 The target 
was a refinery near Vienna。 Because of cloud cover; the lead plane used 
its Mickey and no results were seen; but dropping bombs by radar instead 
of visually meant few of them hit what they wanted to hit and the damage 
was minimal。 Flak was intense but inaccurate and all planes returned to 
base。
    On November 20; on McGovern ’s final mission as a co…pilot; the target 
was factories at Zlin; Czechoslovakia。 It was a secondary; or alternative; 
target; but the original objective had been obscured by clouds; so the lead 
pilot took the group to Zlin。 There the weather was clear and the bombing 
was done visually; with excellent results。 Best of all; there was no flak 
over Zlin。 All planes returned safely。
    After debriefing; McGovern would meet with Rounds; Adams; and his crew。 
They fired questions at him about what it was like; most of all the flak。 
〃They were filled with questions every day;〃 McGovern recalled; 〃waiting 
for me when I came back。〃
    Once the session was over; McGovern would steer his way into the officer
’s club for a Coca…Cola or a beer。 There he would listen to the veteran 
pilots talk and ask his own questions。 It was shop talk。 From almost every 
one of the discussions he would absorb information。 The topics were the 
B…24's; the crews; the Germans。 What rpm at what altitude? Why was this 
gauge or that instruments malfunctioning? Is there any way to stay straight 
and level over the target and still avoid the flak? How long can an engine 
be on fire before it detonates the gas tank? What can you do when a bomb 
gets stuck in the bomb bay? How does the plane fly with only three engines 
operating? With two? When the hydraulic system has leaked or been shot out; 
how do you get the wheels down?
    McGovern had flown four missions on four days。 These consecutive missions 
were about the absolute limit。 They left the pilot and his crew haggard; 
worn; jumpy; frazzled and spent。 But each one of the attacks counted toward 
the thirty…five missions that; when pleted; would allow McGovern to return 
to the States。 When he had time to write to Eleanor; McGovern noted the 
number in his letter  — number five after the mission to Zlin。
    〃I worried; as any wife would;〃 Eleanor said three decades later。 〃I 
would feel a stab of fear whenever someone knocked at the door or the telephone 
rang。 The first thing I would do when I got a letter from George was to 
scan through it for a number  — the number of missions pleted。 That 
was the first thing I wanted to know。 Then I’d go back to read the letter。〃
    ___________________________
    On December 16; radio operator Sgt。 Mel TenHaken flew his first mission; 
against a refinery at Brux; Czechoslovakia。 Because the crew were new; the 
pilot; Lieutenant Cord; was a veteran ofthirty…one missions。 TenHaken ’
s regular pilot flew as co…pilot that day。 There was another newer; a 
photographer on his seventeenth mission。 Theirs would be one of the last 
two planes on the bomb run and his photos would be among the official records 
of the raid ’s effect。
    When the Group formed up and headed toward the target; TenHaken saw 
〃a seemingly endless line of planes。 I had never seen this many in one place 
at one time。〃 He thought that 〃obviously Rosie the riveter back home had 
been very busy。〃 The bombers were at 25;000 feet; just below the 26;000…foot 
ceiling for the craft。
    On his B…24; TenHaken was in charge of the haff; what he had called 
〃Christmas tree tinsel〃 back home。 Its purpose was to confuse German radar; 
which otherwise would lock onto the group and know what altitude to set 
the fuses for the shells to explode。 The chaff was in packets; each one 
wrapped and tied with a plain brown band; each one crimped to open in the 
wind and allow the foil to drift down in individual pieces。 Most veterans 
thought the chaff didn’t do much if any good; but they tossed them out 
of the plane with great gusto anyway。
    When his plane got to the initial point and turned; then straightened 
for the bomb run; TenHaken saw 〃numerous little puffs ahead forming a black 
cloud shaped like an elongated shoe box。〃 The leader of his squadron was 
flying through it。 Those behind were about to enter the German box。 It was 
time to pull the flak jackets on。 These were for the crew; whose members 
did not have the cast iron protection the pilot and co…pilot did。 The jackets 
consisted of irregularly shaped metal plates stitched between two sheets 
of canvas to form a vest。 To TenHaken; 〃their purpose seemed primitive; 
identical to that of suits of armor。〃 They weighed about twenty pounds each。 
Most veterans decided early on not to wear them; but to put them between 
their seats and their butts; thus protecting the most important part。
    Over the target; with flak bursting from the shells all around his plane; 
TenHaken started dropping the chaff packets through one of the waist windows。 
After dropping one; he tried to count to ten as he had been told before 
letting the next one go; but in the midst of the flak he seldom got past 
two or three。 Then the plane to his right got hit。 〃A flak explosion at 
its number three engine had blown the right wing from the body。 The scene 
was inprehensible  — the wing tumbled over and down; and the fuselage 
was nosing into a dive。〃 There were no parachutes。 〃The bam…bam…bams and 
poof…poof…poofs were exploding everywhere; it was inconceivable to fly through 
this unscathed。〃
    The bomber lurched。 Have we been hit? TenHaken wondered。 Through the 
inter; he heard the bombardier say; 〃Bombs away。〃 (〃The most beautiful 
words in the English language;〃 according to one pilot)。 Then the bombardier 
continued; 〃Now let ’s get the hell out of here。〃 After a pause; he came 
on the inter again to say; 〃I wasn ’t supposed to add that last part。〃
    Lieutenant Cord banked the plane into a steep dive to the right。 TenHaken 
thought; thank you; God。 Cord came on the inter to ask each crew member 
to report any damage。 None。 When they were out of the flak; TenHaken lifted 
his oxygen mask and shouted above the engine noise to the photographer; 
〃You’ve been through seventeen of these now。 Was this flak typical; lighter; 
worse; or what?〃 The photographer grinned and shouted back; 〃It wasn’t 
light。 Each mission seems to get worse; but I can ’t believe they could 
get more up here than they did。〃
    Over the inter; Cord asked; 〃Flight engineer back there?〃 He wanted 
to know what the trouble was with the gas gauges。 Number three engine sputtered 
and quit。 〃Get something to three;〃 Cord ordered。
    〃I’m trying;〃 the engineer answered。 〃I’m trying。〃
    Cord realized what had happened。 On the inter he said; 〃The bastards 
hit our gas lines over the target。 They ’ve just vibrated loose。〃
    The number two engine quit。 The engineer repeated that he was trying 
to transfer the gasoline flow。 He cou

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