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   preaching in this style。 Once he gave out for his text�察 �He that is so
   impoverished that he hath no oblation�察�chooseth unto him a tree that
   will not rot; ��Isa。 40��20��。 ;Here�察─�said he�察 �is man by nature
   impoverished and undone。 He has nothing to offer�察�in order to make
   satisfaction for his soul。 And what ought he to do�拭�He ought to choose
   a tree which cannot rot�察�even the cross of our Lord Jesus

   Christ。;On another occasion�察�being anxious to preach on the doctrine
   of indwelling sin�察�he chose his text out of the history of Joseph and
   his brethren�察�and gave out the words�察 �The old man of whom ye spake�察�is
   he yet alive�拭─。�Gen。 43��27��。 Out of this question he ingeniously
   twisted a discourse about the infection of nature remaining in the
   believer��a grand truth�察�no doubt�察�but certainly not the truth of the
   passage。 Such instances will�察�I trust�察�be a warning to all my younger
   brethren。 If you want to preach about the indwelling corruption of
   human nature�察�or about Christ crucified�察�you need not seek for such
   far´fetched texts as those I have named。 If you want to be simple�察�mind
   you choose plain simple texts。

   Furthermore�察�if you wish to see through your subjects thoroughly�察�and
   so to attain the foundation of simplicity�察�do not be ashamed of
   dividing your sermons and stating your divisions。 I need hardly say
   this is a very vexed question。 There is a morbid dread of ;firstly��
   secondly�察�and thirdly; in many quarters。 The stream of fashion runs
   strongly against divisions�察�and I must frankly confess that a lively
   undivided sermon is much better than one divided in a dull�察�stupid��
   illogical way。 Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind。 He
   that can preach sermons which strike and stick without divisions�察�by
   all means let him hold on his way and persevere。 But let him not
   despise his neighbour who divides。 All I say is�察�if we would be simple��
   there must be order in a sermon as there is in an army。 What wise
   general would mix up artillery�察�infantry�察�and cavalry in one confused
   mass in the day of battle�拭�What giver of a banquet or dinner would
   dream of putting on the table the whole of the viands at once�察�the
   soup�察�the fish�察�the entrees�察�the joints�察�the salads�察�the game�察�the
   sweets�察�the dessert�察�in one huge dish�拭�Such a host would hardly be
   thought to serve his dinner well。 Just so I say it is with sermons。 By
   all means let there be orderorder�察�whether you bring out your
   ;firstly�察�secondly�察�or thirdly�察─�or notorder�察�whether your divisions
   are concealed or expressedorder so carefully arranged that your
   points and ideas shall follow one another in beautiful regularity�察�like
   regiments marching past before the Queen on a review day in Windsor
   Park。

   For my own part�察�I honestly confess that I do not think I have preached
   two sermons in my life without divisions。 I find it of the utmost
   importance to make people understand�察�remember�察�and carry away what I
   say�察�and I am certain that divisions help me to do so。 They are�察�in
   fact�察�like hooks and pegs and shelves in the mind。 If you study the
   sermons of men who have been and are successful preachers�察�you will
   always find order�察�and often divisions�察�in their sermons。 I am not a
   bit ashamed to say that I often read the sermons of Mr。 Spurgeon。 I
   like to gather hints about preaching from all quarters。 David did not
   ask about the sword of Goliath�察�Who made it�拭�who polished it�拭�what
   blacksmith forged it�拭�He said�察 �There is nothing like it�察─�for he had
   once used it to cut off its owner's head。 Mr。 Spurgeon can preach most
   ably�察�and he proves it by keeping his enormous congregation together。
   We ought always to examine and analyze sermons which draw people
   together。 Now when you read Mr。 Spurgeon's sermons�察�note how clearly
   and perspicuously he divides a sermon�察�and fills each division with
   beautiful and simple ideas。 How easily you grasp his meaning� �How
   thoroughly he brings before you certain great truths�察�that hang to you
   like hooks of steel�察�and which�察�once planted in your memory�察�you never
   forget��

   My first point�察�then�察�if you would be simple in your preaching�察�is��
   that you must thoroughly understand your subject�察�and if you want to
   know whether you understand it�察�try to divide and arrange it。 I can
   only say for myself�察�that I have done this ever since I have been a
   minister。 For forty´five years I have kept blank MS。 books in which I
   put down texts and heads of sermons for use when require& Whenever I
   get hold of a text�察�and see my way through it�察�I put it down and make a
   note of it。 If I do not see my way through a text�察�I cannot preach on
   it�察�because I know I cannot be simple�察�and if I cannot be simple�察�I
   know I had better not preach at all

   II。 The second hint I would give is this�此�Try to use in all your
   sermons�察�as far as you can�察�simple words。 In saying this�察�however�察�I
   must explain myself。 When I talk of simple words�察�I do not mean words
   of only one syllable�察�or words which are purely Saxon。 I cannot in this
   matter agree with Archbishop Whately。 I think he goes too far in his
   remendation of Saxon�察�though there is much truth in what he says
   about it。 I rather prefer the saying of that wise old heathen Cicero��
   when he said�察�that orators should try to use words which are ;in daily
   mon use; amongst the people。 Whether the words are Saxon or not�察�or
   of two or three syllables。 it does not matter so long as they are words
   monly used and understood by the people。 Only�察�whatever you do��
   beware of what the poor shrewdly call ;dictionary; words�察�that is�察�of
   words which are abstract�察�or scientific�察�or pedantic�察�or plicated��
   or indefinite�察�or very long。 They may seem very fine�察�and sound very
   grand�察�but they are rarely of any use。 The most powerful and forcible
   words�察�as a rule�察�are very short。

   Let me say one word more to confirm what I have stated about that
   mon fallacy of the desirableness of always using Saxon English。 I
   would remind you that a vast number of words of other than Saxon origin
   are used by writers of notorious simplicity。 Take�察�for instance�察�the
   famous work of John Bunyan�察�and look at the very title of it�察�The
   Pilgrim's Progress。 Neither of the leading words in that title is
   Saxon。 Would he have improved matters if he had called it ;The
   Wayfarer's Walk;�拭�In saying this I admit freely that words of French
   and Latin origin are generally inferior to Saxon�察�and�察�as a rule�察�I
   should say�察�use strong pure Saxon words if you can。 All I mean to say
   is�察�that you must not think it a matter of course that words cannot be
   good and simple if they are not of Saxon origin。 In any case�察�beware of
   long words。

   Dr。 Gee�察�in his excellent book�察�Our Sermons ��Longman���察�very ably points
   out the uselessness of using long words and expressions not in mon
   use。 For example�察�he says�察 �Talk of happiness rather than of felicity��
   talk of almighty rather than omnipotent�察�lessen rather than diminish��
   forbidden rather than proscribed�察�hateful rather than noxious�察�seeming
   rather than apparent�察�afterwards rather than subsequently�察�call out and
   draw forth instead of evoke and educe。; We all need to be pulled up
   sharply on these points。 It is very well to use fine words at Oxford
   and Cambridge�察�before classical hearers�察�and in preaching before
   educated audiences。 But depend upon it�察�when you preach to ordinary
   congregations�察�the sooner you throw overboard this sort of English�察�and
   use plain mon words�察�the better。 One thing�察�at all events�察�is quite
   certain�察�without simple words you will never attain simplicity in
   preaching。

   III。 The third hint I would offer�察�if you wish to attain simplicity in
   preaching�察�is this�此�Take care to aim at a simple style of position。
   I will try to illustrate what I mean。 If you take up the sermons
   preached by that great and wonderful man Dr。 Chalmers�察�you can hardly
   fail to see what an enormous number of lines you meet with without
   ing to a full stop。 This I cannot but regard as a great mistake。 It
   may suit Scotland�察�but it will never do for England。 If you would
   attain a simple style of position�察�beware of writing many lines
   without ing to a pause�察�and so allowing the minds of your hearers to
   take breath。 Beware of colons and semicolons。 Stick to mas and full
   stops�察�and take care to write as if you were asthmatical or short of
   breath。 Never write or speak very long sentences or long paragraphs。
   Use stops frequently�察�and start again�察�and the oftener you do this�察�the
   more likely you are to attain a simple style of position。 Enormous
   sentences full of colons�察�semicolons�察�and parentheses�察�with paragraphs
   of two or three pages' length�察�are utterly fatal to simplicity。 We
   should bear in mind that preachers have to do with hearers and not
   readers�察�and that what will ;read; well will not always ;speak; well。 A
   reader of English can always help himself by looking back a few lines
   and

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