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   when I first took orders in a poor rural parish�察�and a great portion of
   my ministerial life has been spent in preaching to labourers and
   farmers。 I know the enormous difficulty of preaching to such hearers��
   of making them understand one's meaning�察�and securing their attention。
   So far as concerns language and position�察�I deliberately say that I
   would rather preach before the University at Oxford or Cambridge�察�or
   the Temple�察�or Lincoln's Inn�察�or the Houses of Parliament�察�than I would
   address an agricultural congregation on a fine hot afternoon in the
   month of August。 I have heard of a labourer who enjoyed Sunday more
   than any other day in the week�察�;Because�察─�he said�察 �I sit fortably
   in church�察�put up my legs�察�have nothing to think about�察�and just go to
   sleep。; Some of my younger friends in the ministry may some day be
   called to preach to such congregations as I have had�察�and I shall be
   glad if they can profit by my experience。

   Before entering on the subject�察�I wish to clear the way by making four
   prefatory remarks。

   ��a�� For one thing�察�I ask all my readers to remember that to attain
   simplicity in preaching is of the utmost importance to every minister
   who wishes to be useful to souls。 Unless you are simple in your sermons
   you will never be understood�察�and unless you are understood you cannot
   do good to those who hear you。 It was a true saying of Quintilian�察 �If
   you do not wish to be understood�察�you deserve to be neglected。; Of
   course the first object of a minister should be to preach the truth��
   the whole truth�察�and nothing but ;the truth as it is in Jesus。; But the
   next thing he ought to aim at is�察�that his sermon may be understood��
   and it will not be understood by most of his hearers if it is not
   simple。

   ��b�� The next thing I will say�察�by way of prefatory remark�察�is�察�that to
   attain simplicity in preaching is by no means an easy matter。 No
   greater mistake can be made than to suppose this。 ;To make hard things
   seem hard�察─�to use the substance of a saying of Archbishop Usher's�察 �is
   within the reach of all�察�but to make hard things seem easy and
   intelligible is a height attained by very few speakers。; One of the
   wisest and best of the Puritans said two hundred years ago�察 �that the
   greater part of preachers shoot over the heads of the people。; This is
   true also in 1837� �I fear a vast proportion of what we preach is not
   understood by our hearers any more than if it were Greek。 When people
   hear a simple sermon�察�or read a simple tract�察�they are apt to say�察 �How
   true� �how plain� �how easy to understand� ─�and to suppose that any one
   can write in that style。 Allow me to tell my readers that it is an
   extremely difficult thing to write simple�察�clear�察�perspicuous�察�and
   forcible English。 Look at the sermons of Charles Bradley�察�of Clapham。 A
   sermon of his reads most beautifully。 It is so simple and natural�察�that
   any one feels at once that the meaning is as clear as the sun at
   noonday。 Every word is the right word�察�and every word is in its right
   place。 Yet the labour those sermons cost Mr。 Bradley was very great
   indeed。 Those who have read Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield attentively��
   can hardly fail to have noticed the exquisite naturalness�察�ease�察�and
   simplicity of its language。 And yet it is known that the pains and
   trouble and time bestowed upon that work were immense。 Let the Vicar of
   Wakefield be pared with Johnson's Rasselas�察�which was written off in
   a few days�察�it is said�察�under higher pressure�察�hand the difference is
   at once apparent。 In fact�察�to use very long words�察�to seem very
   learned�察�to make people go away after a sermon saying�察 �How fine� �how
   clever� �how grand� ─�all this is very easy work。 But to write what will
   strike and stick�察�to speak or to write that which at once pleases and
   is understood�察�and bees assimilated with a heater's mind and a thing
   never forgottenthat�察�we may depend upon it�察�is a very difficult thing
   and a very rare attainment。

   ��c�� Let me observe�察�in the next place�察�that when I talk of simplicity
   in preaching�察�I would not have my readers suppose I mean childish
   preaching。 If we suppose the poor like that sort of sermon�察�we are
   greatly mistaken。 If our hearers once imagine we consider them a parcel
   of ignorant folks for whom any kind of ;infant's food; is good enough��
   our chance of doing good is lost altogether。 People do not like even
   the appearance of condescending preaching。 They feel we are not
   treating them as equals�察�but inferiors。 Human nature always dislikes
   that。 They will at once put up their backs�察�stop their ears�察�and take
   offence�察�and then we might as well preach to the winds。

   ��d�� Finally�察�let me observe�察�that it is not coarse or vulgar preaching
   that is needed。 It is quite possible to be simple�察�and yet to speak
   like a gentleman�察�and with the demeanour of a courteous and refined
   person。 It is an utter mistake to imagine that uneducated and
   illiterate men and women prefer to be spoken to in an illiterate way��
   and by an uneducated person。 To suppose that a lay´evangelist or
   Scripture´reader�察�who knows nothing of Latin or Greek�察�and is only
   familiar with his Bible�察�is more acceptable than an Oxford first´class
   man�察�or a Cambridge wrangler ��if that first´class man knows how to
   preach���察�is a plete error。 People only tolerate vulgarity and
   coarseness�察�as a rule�察�when they can get nothing else。

   Having made these prefatory remarks in order to clear the way�察�I will
   now proceed to give my readers five brief hints as to what seems to me
   the best method of attaining simplicity in preaching。

   I。 My first hint is this�此�If you want to attain simplicity in
   preaching�察�take care that you have a clear view of the subject upon
   which you are going to preach。 I ask your special attention to this。 Of
   all the five hints I am about to give�察�this is the most important。
   Mind�察�then�察�when your text is chosen�察�that you understand it and see
   right through it�察�that you know precisely what you want to prove�察�what
   you want to teach�察�what you want to establish�察�and what you want
   people's minds to carry away。 If you yourself begin in a fog�察�you may
   depend upon it you will leave your people in darkness。 Cicero�察�one of
   the greatest ancient orators�察�said long ago�察 �No one can possibly speak
   clearly and eloquently about a subject which he does not
   understand�察─�and I am satisfied that he spoke the truth。 Archbishop
   Whately was a very shrewd observer of human nature�察�and he said rightly
   of a vast number of preachers�察�that ;they aimed at nothing�察�and they
   hit nothing。 Like men landing on an unknown island�察�and setting out on
   a journey of exploration�察�they set out in ignorance�察�and travelled on
   in ignorance all the day long。;

   I ask all young ministers especially�察�to remember this first hint。 I
   repeat most emphatically�察 �Take care you thoroughly understand your
   subject。 Never choose a text of which you do not quite know what it
   means。; Beware of taking obscure passages such as those which are to be
   found in unfulfilled and emblematic prophecies。 If a man will
   continually preach to an ordinary congregation about the seals and
   vials and trumpets in Revelation�察�or about Ezekiel's temple�察�or about
   predestination�察�free will�察�and the eternal purposes of God�察�it will not
   be at all surprising to any reasonable mind if he fails to attain
   simplicity。 I do not mean that these subjects ought not to be handled
   occasionally�察�at fit times�察�and before a suitable audience。 All I say
   is�察�that they are very deep subjects�察�about which wise Christians often
   disagree�察�and it is almost impossible to make them very simple。 We
   ought to see our subjects plainly�察�if we wish to make them simple�察�and
   there are hundreds of plain subjects to be found in God's Word。

   Beware�察�for the same reason�察�of taking up what I call fanciful subjects
   and acmodated texts�察�and then dragging out of them meanings which
   the Holy Ghost never intended to put into them。 There is no subject
   needful for the soul's health which is not to be found plainly taught
   and set forth in Scripture。 This being the case�察�I think a preacher
   should never take a text and extract from it�察�as a dentist would a
   tooth from the jaw�察�something which�察�however true in itself�察�is not the
   plain literal meaning of the inspired words。 The sermon may seem very
   glittering and ingenious�察�and his people may go away saying�察 �What a
   clever parson we have got� ─�But if�察�on examination�察�they can neither
   find the sermon in the text�察�nor the text in the sermon�察�their minds
   are perplexed�察�and they begin to think the Bible is a deep book which
   cannot be understood。 If you want to attain simplicity�察�beware of
   acmodated texts。

   When I speak of acmodated texts�察�let me explain what I mean。 I
   remember hearing of a minister in a northern town�察�who was famous for
   preaching in this style。 Once he gave out for his text�察 �He that is s

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