the antiquities of the jews-1-第53节

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law　judging　it　equitable　that　life　should　go　for　life。

34。　Let　no　one　of　the　Israelites　keep　any　poison　（29）　that　may
cause　death；　or　any　other　harm；　but　if　he　be　caught　with　it；　let
him　be　put　to　death；　and　suffer　the　very　same　mischief　that　he
would　have　brought　upon　them　for　whom　the　poison　was　prepared。

35。　He　that　maimeth　any　one；　let　him　undergo　the　like　himself；
and　be　deprived　of　the　same　member　of　which　he　hath　deprived　the
other；　unless　he　that　is　maimed　will　accept　of　money　instead　of
it　（30）　for　the　law　makes　the　sufferer　the　judge　of　the　value　of
what　he　hath　suffered；　and　permits　him　to　estimate　it；　unless　he
will　be　more　severe。

36。　Let　him　that　is　the　owner　of　an　ox　which　pusheth　with　his
horn；　kill　him：　but　if　he　pushes　and　gores　any　one　in　the
thrashing…floor；　let　him　be　put　to　death　by　stoning；　and　let　him
not　be　thought　fit　for　food：　but　if　his　owner　be　convicted　as
having　known　what　his　nature　was；　and　hath　not　kept　him　up；　let
him　also　be　put　to　death；　as　being　the　occasion　of　the　ox's
having　killed　a　man。　But　if　the　ox　have　killed　a　man…servant；　or
a　maid…servant；　let　him　be　stoned；　and　let　the　owner　of　the　ox
pay　thirty　shekels　（31）　to　the　master　of　him　that　was　slain；　but
if　it　be　an　ox　that　is　thus　smitten　and　killed；　let　both　the
oxen；　that　which　smote　the　other　and　that　which　was　killed；　be
sold；　and　let　the　owners　of　them　divide　their　price　between　them。

37。　Let　those　that　dig　a　well　or　a　pit　be　careful　to　lay　planks
over　them；　and　so　keep　them　shut　up；　not　in　order　to　hinder　any
persons　from　drawing　water；　but　that　there　may　be　no　danger　of
falling　into　them。　But　if　any　one's　beast　fall　into　such　a　well
or　pit　thus　digged；　and　not　shut　up；　and　perish；　let　the　owner
pay　its　price　to　the　owner　of　the　beast。　Let　there　be　a
battlement　round　the　tops　of　your　houses　instead　of　a　wall；　that
may　prevent　any　persons　from　rolling　down　and　perishing。

38。　Let　him　that　has　received　any　thing　in　trust　for　another；
take　care　to　keep　it　as　a　sacred　and　divine　thing；　and　let　no　one
invent　any　contrivance　whereby　to　deprive　him　that　hath　intrusted
it　with　him　of　the　same；　and　this　whether　he　be　a　man　or　a　woman；
no；　not　although　he　or　she　were　to　gain　an　immense　sum　of　gold；
and　this　where　he　cannot　be　convicted　of　it　by　any　body；　for　it
is　fit　that　a　man's　own　conscience；　which　knows　what　he　hath；
should　in　all　cases　oblige　him　to　do　well。　Let　this　conscience　be
his　witness；　and　make　him　always　act　so　as　may　procure　him
commendation　from　others；　but　let　him　chiefly　have　regard　to　God；
from　whom　no　wicked　man　can　lie　concealed：　but　if　he　in　whom　the
trust　was　reposed；　without　any　deceit　of　his　own；　lose　what　he
was　intrusted　withal；　let　him　come　before　the　seven　judges；　and
swear　by　God　that　nothing　hath　been　lost　willingly；　or　with　a
wicked　intention；　and　that　he　hath　not　made　use　of　any　part
thereof；　and　so　let　him　depart　without　blame；　but　if　he　hath　made
use　of　the　least　part　of　what　was　committed　to　him；　and　it　be
lost；　let　him　be　condemned　to　repay　all　that　he　had　received。
After　the　same　manner　as　in　these　trusts　it　is　to　be；　if　any　one
defraud　those　that　undergo　bodily　labor　for　him。　And　let　it　be
always　remembered；　that　we　are　not　to　defraud　a　poor　man　of　his
wages；　as　being　sensible　that　God　has　allotted　these　wages　to　him
instead　of　land　and　other　possessions；　nay；　this　payment　is　not
at　all　to　be　delayed；　but　to　be　made　that　very　day；　since　God　is
not　willing　to　deprive　the　laborer　of　the　immediate　use　of　what
he　hath　labored　for。

39。　You　are　not　to　punish　children　for　the　faults　of　their
parents；　but　on　account　of　their　own　virtue　rather　to　vouchsafe
them　commiseration；　because　they　were　born　of　wicked　parents；
than　hatred；　because　they　were　born　of　bad　ones。　Nor　indeed　ought
we　to　impute　the　sin　of　children　to　their　fathers；　while　young
persons　indulge　themselves　in　many　practices　different　from　what
they　have　been　instructed　in；　and　this　by　their　proud　refusal　of
such　instruction。

40。　Let　those　that　have　made　themselves　eunuchs　be　had　in
detestation；　and　do　you　avoid　any　conversation　with　them　who　have
deprived　themselves　of　their　manhood；　and　of　that　fruit　of
generation　which　God　has　given　to　men　for　the　increase　of　their
kind：　let　such　be　driven　away；　as　if　they　had　killed　their
children；　since　they　beforehand　have　lost　what　should　procure
them；　for　evident　it　is；　that　while　their　soul　is　become
effeminate；　they　have　withal　transfused　that　effeminacy　to　their
body　also。　In　like　manner　do　you　treat　all　that　is　of　a　monstrous
nature　when　it　is　looked　on；　nor　is　it　lawful　to　geld　men　or　any
other　animals。　（32）

41。　Let　this　be　the　constitution　of　your　political　laws　in　time
of　peace；　and　God　will　be　so　merciful　as　to　preserve　this
excellent　settlement　free　from　disturbance：　and　may　that　time
never　come　which　may　innovate　any　thing；　and　change　it　for　the
contrary。　But　since　it　must　needs　happen　that　mankind　fall　into
troubles　and　dangers；　either　undesignedly　or　intentionally；　come
let　us　make　a　few　constitutions　concerning　them；　that　so　being
apprised　beforehand　what　ought　to　be　done；　you　may　have　salutary
counsels　ready　when　you　want　them；　and　may　not　then　be　obliged　to
go　to　seek　what　is　to　be　done；　and　so　be　unprovided；　and　fall
into　dangerous　circumstances。　May　you　be　a　laborious　people；　and
exercise　your　souls　in　virtuous　actions；　and　thereby　possess　and
inherit　the　land　without　wars；　while　neither　any　foreigners　make
war　upon　it；　and　so　afflict　you；　nor　any　internal　sedition　seize
upon　it；　whereby　you　may　do　things　that　are　contrary　to　your
fathers；　and　so　lose　the　laws　which　they　have　established。　And
may　you　continue　in　the　observation　of　those　laws　which　God　hath
approved　of；　and　hath　delivered　to　you。　Let　all　sort　of　warlike
operations；　whether　they　befall　you　now　in　your　own　time；　or
hereafter　in　the　times　of　your　posterity；　be　done　out　of　your　own
borders：　but　when　you　are　about　to　go　to　war；　send　embassages　and
heralds　to　those　who　are　your　voluntary　enemies；　for　it　is　a
right　thing　to　make　use　of　words　to　them　before　you　come　to　your
weapons　of　war；　and　assure　them　thereby；　that　although　you　have　a
numerous　army；　with　horses　and　weapons；　and；　above　these；　a　God
merciful　to　you；　and　ready　to　assist　you；　you　do　however　desire
them　not　to　compel　you　to　fight　against　them；　nor　to　take　from
them　what　they　have；　which　will　indeed　be　our　gain；　but　what　they
will　have　no　reason　to　wish　we　should　take　to　ourselves。　And　if
they　hearken　to　you；　it　will　be　proper　for　you　to　keep　peace　with
them；　but　if　they　trust　in　their　own　strength；　as　superior　to
yours；　and　will　not　do　you　justice；　lead　your　army　against　them；
making　use　of　God　as　your　supreme　Commander；　but　ordaining　for　a
lieutenant　under　him　one　that　is　of　the　greatest　courage　among
you；　for　these　different　commanders；　besides　their　being　an
obstacle　to　actions　that　are　to　be　done　on　the　sudden；　are　a
disadvantage　to　those　that　make　use　of　them。　Lead　an　army　pure；
and　of　chosen　men；　composed　of　all　such　as　have　extraordinary
strength　of　body　and　hardiness　of　soul；　but　do　you　send　away　the
timorous　part；　lest　they　run　away　in　the　time　of　action；　and　so
afford　an　advantage　to　your　enemies。　Do　you　also　give　leave　to
those　that　have　lately　built　them　houses；　and　have　not　yet　lived
in　them　a　year's　time；　and　to　those　that　have　planted　them
vineyards；　and　have　not　yet　been　partakers　of　their　fruits；　…　to
continue　in　their　own　country；　as　well　as　those　also　who　have
betrothed；　or　lately　married　them　wives；　lest　they　have　such　an
affection　for　these　things　that　they　he　too　sparing　of　their
lives；　and；　by　reserving　themselves　for　these　enjoyments；　they
become　voluntary　cowards；　on　account　of　their　wives。

42。　When　you　have　pitched　your　camp；　take　care　that　you　do
nothing　that　is　cruel。　And　when　you　are　engaged　in　a　siege；　and
want　timber　for　the　making　of　warlike　engines；　do　not　you　render
the　land　naked　by　cutting　down　trees　that　bear　fruit；　but　spare
them；　as　considering　that　they　were　made　for　the　benefit　of　men；
and　that　if　they　could　speak；　they　would　have　a　just　plea　against
you；　because；　though　they　are　not　occasions　of　the　war；　they　are
unjustly　treated；　and　suffer　in　it；　and　would；　if　they　were　able；
remove　themselves　into　another　land。　When　you　have　beaten　your
enemies　in　battle；　slay　those　that　have　fought　against　you；　but
preserve　the　others　alive；　that　they　may　pay　you　tribute；
excepting　the　nation　of　the　Canaanites；　for　as　to　that　people；
you　must　entirely　destroy　them。

43；　Take　care；　especially　in　your　battles；　that　no　woman　use　the
habit　of　a　man；　nor　man　the　garment　of　a　woman。

44。　This　was　the　form　of　political　government　which　was　left　us
by　Moses。　Moreover；　he　had　already　delivered　laws　in　writing　（33）
in　the　fortieth　year　＇after　they　came　out　of　Egypt＇；　concerning
which　we　will　discourse　in　another　book。　But　now　on　the　following
days　（for　he　called　them　to　assemble　continually）　he　delivered
blessings　to　them；　and　curses　upon　those　that　should　not　live
according　to　the　laws；　but　should　transgress　the　duties　that　were
determined　for　them　to　observe。　After　this；　he　read　to　them　a
p