the antiquities of the jews-1-第52节

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thereby　families　will　not　fail；　and　the　estate　will　continue
among　the　kindred；　and　this　will　be　for　the　solace　of　wives　under
their　affliction；　that　they　are　to　be　married　to　the　next
relation　of　their　former　husbands。　But　if　the　brother　will　not
marry　her；　let　the　woman　come　before　the　senate；　and　protest
openly　that　this　brother　will　not　admit　her　for　his　wife；　but
will　injure　the　memory　of　his　deceased　brother；　while　she　is
willing　to　continue　in　the　family；　and　to　hear　him　children。　And
when　the　senate　have　inquired　of　him　for　what　reason　it　is　that
he　is　averse　to　this　marriage；　whether　he　gives　a　bad　or　a　good
reason；　the　matter　must　come　to　this　issue；　That　the　woman　shall

loose　the　sandals　of　the　brother；　and　shall　spit　in　his　face；　and
say；　He　deserves　this　reproachful　treatment　from　her；　as　having
injured　the　memory　of　the　deceased。　And　then　let　him　go　away　out
of　the　senate；　and　bear　this　reproach　upon　him　all　his　life　long；
and　let　her　marry　to　whom　she　pleases；　of　such　as　seek　her　in
marriage。　But　now；　if　any　man　take　captive；　either　a　virgin；　or
one　that　hath　been　married；　（26）　and　has　a　mind　to　marry　her；　let
him　not　be　allowed　to　bring　her　to　bed　to　him；　or　to　live　with
her　as　his　wife；　before　she　hath　her　head　shaven；　and　hath　put　on
her　mourning　habit；　and　lamented　her　relations　and　friends　that
were　slain　in　the　battle；　that　by　this　means　she　may　give　vent　to
her　sorrow　for　them；　and　after　that　may　betake　herself　to
feasting　and　matrimony；　for　it　is　good　for　him　that　takes　a
woman；　in　order　to　have　children　by　her；　to　be　complaisant　to　her
inclinations；　and　not　merely　to　pursue　his　own　pleasure；　while　he
hath　no　regard　to　what　is　agreeable　to　her。　But　when　thirty　days
are　past；　as　the　time　of　mourning；　for　so　many　are　sufficient　to
prudent　persons　for　lamenting　the　dearest　friends；　then　let　them
proceed　to　the　marriage；　but　in　case　when　he　hath　satisfied　his
lust；　he　be　too　proud　to　retain　her　for　his　wife；　let　him　not
have　it　in　his　power　to　make　her　a　slave；　but　let　her　go　away
whither　she　pleases；　and　have　that　privilege　of　a　free　woman。

24。　As　to　those　young　men　that　despise　their　parents；　and　do　not
pay　them　honor；　but　offer　them　affronts；　either　because　they　are
ashamed　of　them　or　think　themselves　wiser　than　they；　…　in　the
first　place；　let　their　parents　admonish　them　in　words；　（for　they
are　by　nature　of　authority　sufficient　for　becoming　their　judges；）
and　let　them　say　thus　to　them：　…　That　they　cohabited　together；
not　for　the　sake　of　pleasure；　nor　for　the　augmentation　of　their
riches；　by　joining　both　their　stocks　together；　but　that　they
might　have　children　to　take　care　of　them　in　their　old　age；　and
might　by　them　have　what　they　then　should　want。　And　say　further　to
him；　〃That　when　thou　wast　born；　we　took　thee　up　with　gladness；
and　gave　God　the　greatest　thanks　for　thee；　and　brought　time　up
with　great　care；　and　spared　for　nothing　that　appeared　useful　for
thy　preservation；　and　for　thy　instruction　in　what　was　most
excellent。　And　now；　since　it　is　reasonable　to　forgive　the　sins　of
those　that　are　young；　let　it　suffice　thee　to　have　given　so　many
indications　Of　thy　contempt　of　us；　reform　thyself；　and　act　more
wisely　for　the　time　to　come；　considering　that　God　is　displeased
with　those　that　are　insolent　towards　their　parents；　because　he　is
himself　the　Father　of　the　whole　race　of　mankind；　and　seems　to
bear　part　of　that　dishonor　which　falls　upon　those　that　have　the
same　name；　when　they　do　not　meet　with　dire　returns　from　their
children。　And　on　such　the　law　inflicts　inexorable　punishment；　of
which　punishment　mayst　thou　never　have　the　experience。〃　Now　if
the　insolence　of　young　men　be　thus　cured；　let　them　escape　the
reproach　which　their　former　errors　deserved；　for　by　this　means
the　lawgiver　will　appear　to　be　good；　and　parents　happy；　while
they　never　behold　either　a　son　or　a　daughter　brought　to
punishment。　But　if　it　happen　that　these　words　and　instructions；
conveyed　by　them　in　order　to　reclaim　the　man；　appear　to　be
useless；　then　the　offender　renders　the　laws　implacable　enemies　to
the　insolence　he　has　offered　his　parents；　let　him　therefore　be
brought　forth　（27）　by　these　very　parents　out　of　the　city；　with　a
multitude　following　him；　and　there　let　him　be　stoned；　and　when　he
has　continued　there　for　one　whole　day；　that　all　the　people　may
see　him；　let　him　be　buried　in　the　night。　And　thus　it　is　that　we
bury　all　whom　the　laws　condemn　to　die；　upon　any　account
whatsoever。　Let　our　enemies　that　fall　in　battle　be　also　buried；
nor　let　any　one　dead　body　lie　above　the　ground；　or　suffer　a
punishment　beyond　what　justice　requires。

25。　Let　no　one　lend　to　any　one　of　the　Hebrews　upon　usury；　neither
usury　of　what　is　eaten　or　what　is　drunken；　for　it　is　not　just　to
make　advantage　of　the　misfortunes　of　one　of　thy　own　countrymen；
but　when　thou　hast　been　assistant　to　his　necessities；　think　it
thy　gain　if　thou　obtainest　their　gratitude　to　thee；　and　withal
that　reward　which　will　come　to　thee　from　God；　for　thy　humanity
towards　him。

26。　Those　who　have　borrowed　either　silver　or　any　sort　of　fruits；
whether　dry　or　wet；　（I　mean　this；　when　the　Jewish　affairs　shall；
by　the　blessing　of　God；　be　to　their　own　mind；）　let　the　borrowers
bring　them　again；　and　restore　them　with　pleasure　to　those　who
lent　them；　laying　them　up；　as　it　were；　in　their　own　treasuries；
and　justly　expecting　to　receive　them　thence；　if　they　shall　want
them　again。　But　if　they　be　without　shame；　and　do　not　restore　it；
let　not　the　lender　go　to　the　borrower's　house；　and　take　a　pledge
himself；　before　judgment　be　given　concerning　it；　but　let　him
require　the　pledge；　and　let　the　debtor　bring　it　of　himself；
without　the　least　opposition　to　him　that　comes　upon　him　under　the
protection　of　the　law。　And　if　he　that　gave　the　pledge　be　rich；
let　the　creditor　retain　it　till　what　he　lent　be　paid　him　again；
but　if　he　be　poor；　let　him　that　takes　it　return　it　before　the
going　down　of　the　sun；　especially　if　the　pledge　be　a　garment；
that　the　debtor　may　have　it　for　a　covering　in　his　sleep；　God
himself　naturally　showing　mercy　to　the　poor。　It　is　also　not
lawful　to　take　a　millstone；　nor　any　utensil　thereto　belonging；
for　a　pledge；　that　the　debtor；　may　not　be　deprived　of　instruments
to　get　their　food　withal；　and　lest　they　be　undone　by　their
necessity。

27。　Let　death　be　the　punishment　for　stealing　a　man；　but　he　that
hath　purloined　gold　or　silver；　let　him　pay　double。　If　any　one
kill　a　man　that　is　stealing　something　out　of　his　house；　let　him
be　esteemed　guiltless；　although　the　man　were　only　breaking　in　at
the　wall。　Let　him　that　hath　stolen　cattle　pay　fourfold　what　is
lost；　excepting　the　case　of　an　ox；　for　which　let　the　thief　pay
fivefold。　Let　him　that　is　so　poor　that　he　cannot　pay　what　mulet
is　laid　upon　him；　be　his　servant　to　whom　he　was　adjudged　to　pay
it。

28。　If　any　one　be　sold　to　one　of　his　own　nation；　let　him　serve
him　six　years；　and　on　the　seventh　let　him　go　free。　But　if　he　have
a　son　by　a　woman　servant　in　his　purchaser's　house；　and　if；　on
account　of　his　good…will　to　his　master；　and　his　natural　affection
to　his　wife　and　children；　he　will　be　his　servant　still；　let　him
be　set　free　only　at　the　coming　of　the　year　of　jubilee；　which　is
the　fiftieth　year；　and　let　him　then　take　away　with　him　his
children　and　wife；　and　let　them　be　free　also。

29。　If　any　one　find　gold　or　silver　on　the　road；　let　him　inquire
after　him　that　lost　it；　and　make　proclamation　of　the　place　where
he　found　it；　and　then　restore　it　to　him　again；　as　not　thinking　it
right　to　make　his　own　profit　by　the　loss　of　another。　And　the　same
rule　is　to　be　observed　in　cattle　found　to　have　wandered　away　into
a　lonely　place。　If　the　owner　be　not　presently　discovered；　let　him
that　is　the　finder　keep　it　with　himself；　and　appeal　to　God　that
he　has　not　purloined　what　belongs　to　another。

30。　It　is　not　lawful　to　pass　by　any　beast　that　is　in　distress；
when　in　a　storm　it　is　fallen　down　in　the　mire；　but　to　endeavor　to
preserve　it；　as　having　a　sympathy　with　it　in　its　pain。

31。　It　is　also　a　duty　to　show　the　roads　to　those　who　do　not　know
them；　and　not　to　esteem　it　a　matter　for　sport；　when　we　hinder
others'　advantages；　by　setting　them　in　a　wrong　way。

32。　In　like　manner；　let　no　one　revile　a　person　blind　or　dumb。

33。　If　men　strive　together；　and　there　be　no　instrument　of　iron；
let　him　that　is　smitten　be　avenged　immediately；　by　inflicting　the
same　punishment　on　him　that　smote　him：　but　if　when　he　is　carried
home　he　lie　sick　many　days；　and　then　die；　let　him　that　smote　him
not　escape　punishment；　but　if　he　that　is　smitten　escape　death；
and　yet　be　at　great　expense　for　his　cure；　the　smiter　shall　pay
for　all　that　has　been　expended　during　the　time　of　his　sickness；
and　for　all　that　he　has　paid　the　physician。　He　that　kicks　a　woman
with　child；　so　that　the　woman　miscarry；　（28）　let　him　pay　a　fine
in　money；　as　the　judges　shall　determine；　as　having　diminished　the
multitude　by　the　destruction　of　what　was　in　her　womb；　and　let
money　also　be　given　the　woman's　husband　by　him　that　kicked　her；
but　if　she　die　of　the　stroke；　let　him　also　be　put　to　death；　the
law　judging　it　equitable　that　life　should　go　for　life。

34。　Let　no　one　of　the　Israelites　keep　any　poison　（29