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historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及10准


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     So    with    that  other    storyHow      young     Cyrus�察   �giving    out   that   his 

grandfather   had   made   him   general   of   the   Persians�察  �summoned   them   all�察�

each man with a sickle in his hand�察�into a prairie full of thorns�察�and bade 

them clear it in one day�察�and how when they�察�like loyal men�察�had finished�察�

he bade them bathe�察�and next day he took them into a great meadow and 

feasted them with corn and wine�察�and all that his father's farm would yield�察�

and   asked   them  which   day  they  liked   best�察  �and�察  �when they  answered   as 

was to be expected�察�how he opened his parable and told them�察 �Choose�察�

then�察�to work for the Persians like slaves�察�or to be free with me。; 

     Such a tale sounds to me true。            It has the very savour of the parables 

of the Old Testament�察�as have�察�surely�察�the dreams of the old Sultan�察�with 

which   the   tale   begins。     Do   they   not   put   us   in   mind   of   the   dreams   of 

Nebuchadnezzar�察�in the Book of Daniel�拭�

     Such stories are actually so beautiful that they are very likely to be true。 

Understand me�察�I only say likely�察�the ditch´water view of history is not all 

wrong。      Its   advocates   are   right   in   saying   great   historic   changes   are   not 

produced   simply   by   one   great   person�察  �by   one   remarkable   event。          They 

have     been    preparing�察    �perhaps     for   centuries。    They     are  the   result   of 

numberless       forces�察  �acting    according     to  laws�察   �which    might    have    been 

foreseen�察    �and    will  be   foreseen�察   �when     the  science    of   History    is  more 

perfectly understood。 

     For instance�察�Cyrus could not have conquered the Median Empire at a 

single blow�察�if first that empire had not been utterly rotten�察�and next�察�if he 

and his handful of Persians had not been tempered and sharpened�察�by long 

hardihood�察�to the finest cutting edge。 

     Yes�察�there   were all   the   materials for the catastrophethe cannon�察�the 

powder�察�the shot。        But to say that the Persians must have conquered the 



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Medes�察�even if Cyrus had never lived�察�is to say�察�as too many philosophers 

seem to me to say�察�that�察�given cannon�察�powder�察�and shot�察�it will fire itself 

off some day if we only leave it alone long enough。 

     It   may   be   so。 But   our   usual   experience   of   Nature   and   Fact   is�察  �that 

spontaneous bustion is a rare and exceptional phenomenon�察�that if a 

cannon   is   to   be   fired�察  �someone   must   arise   and   pull   the   trigger。   And   I 

believe that in Society and Politics�察�when a great event is ready to be done�察�

someone must e and do itdo it�察�perhaps�察�half unwittingly�察�by some 

single rash actlike that first fatal shot fired by an electric spark。 

     But to return to Cyrus and his Persians。 

     I know not whether the ;Cyropaedia; is much read in your schools and 

universities。     But it is one of the books which I should like to see�察�either 

in a translation or its own   exquisite Greek�察 �in the hands   of every  young 

man。     It is not all fact。    It is but a historic romance。        But it is better than 

history。    It is an ideal book�察�like Sidney's ;Arcadia; or Spenser's   ;Fairy 

Queen;the ideal self´ education of an ideal hero。               And the moral of the 

bookponder it well�察�all young men who have the chance or the hope of 

exercising      authority     among      your    follow´menthe        noble    and    most 

Christian moral of that heathen book is this�此               �that the path to solid and 

beneficent influence over our fellow´men lies�察�not through brute force�察�not 

through      cupidity�察  �but   through     the   highest    morality�察   �through     justice�察�

truthfulness�察�humanity�察�self´denial�察�modesty�察�courtesy�察�and all which makes 

man or woman lovely in the eyes of mortals or of God。 

     Yes�察�the ;Cyropaedia; is a noble book�察�about a noble personage。                    But 

I   cannot   forget   that   there   are   nobler   words   by   far   concerning   that   same 

noble personage�察�in the magnificent series of Hebrew Lyrics�察�which begins 

;fort       ye�察 �fort     ye�察 �my    people�察   �saith   the  Lord;in     which    the 

inspired poet�察�watching the rise of Cyrus and his Puritans�察�and the fall of 

Babylon�察�and the idolatries of the East�察�and the ing deliverance of his 

own countrymen�察�speaks of the Persian hero in words so grand that they 

have been often enough applied�察�and with all fitness�察�to one greater than 

Cyrus�察�and than all men�此�



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       Who raised up the righteous man from the East�察�And called him to 

attend   his   steps�拭  �Who   subdued   nations   at   his   presence�察  �And   gave   him 

dominion over kings�拭�And made them like the dust before his sword�察�And 

the driven stubble before his bow�拭�He pursueth them�察�he passeth in safety�察�

By a way never trodden before by his feet。 Who hath performed and made 

these things�察�Calling the generations from the beginning�拭�I�察�Jehovah�察�the 

first and the last�察�I am the same。 

     Behold my servant�察�whom I will uphold�察�My chosen�察�in whom my soul 

delighteth�察  �I   will   make   my   spirit   rest   upon   him�察  �And   he   shall   publish 

judgment to the nations。 He shall not cry aloud�察�nor clamour�察�Nor cause 

his voice to be heard in the streets。 The bruised reed he shall not break�察�

And the smoking flax   he shall   not quench。  He shall publish justice�察 �and 

establish it。 His force shall not be abated�察�nor broken�察�Until he has firmly 

seated justice in the earth�察�And the distant nations shall wait for his Law。 

Thus saith the God�察�even Jehovah�察�Who created the heavens�察�and stretched 

them out�察�Who spread abroad the earth�察�and its produce�此�I�察�Jehovah�察�have 

called   thee   for   a   righteous   end�察  �And   I   will   take   hold   of   thy   hand�察  �and 

preserve thee�察�And I will give thee for a covenant to the people�察�And for a 

light to the nations�察�To open the eyes of the blind�察�To bring the captives out 

of   prison�察  �And   from   the   dungeon   those   who        dwell   in   darkness。   I  am 

Jehovahthat is my name�察�And my glory will I not give to another�察�Nor 

my praise to the graven idols。 

     Who saith to CyrusThou art my shepherd�察�And he shall fulfil all my 

pleasure�此�Who saith to JerusalemThou shalt be built�察�And to the Temple 

Thou   shalt   be   founded。   Thus   saith   Jehovah   to   his   anointed�察  �To   Cyrus 

whom I hold fast by his right hand�察�That I may subdue nations under him�察�

And loose the loins of kings�察�That I may open before him the two´leaved 

doors�察�And the gates shall not be shut�察�I will go before thee And bring the 

mountains low。 The gates of brass will I break in sunder�察�And the bars of 

iron   hew   down。 And   I   will   give   thee   the  treasures   of   darkness�察�And   the 

hoards hid deep in secret places�察�That thou mayest know that I am Jehovah。 

I   have   surnamed   thee�察  �though   thou   knowest   not   me。   I   am   Jehovah�察  �and 



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none else�察�Beside me there is no God。 I will gird thee�察�though thou hast not 

known me�察�That they may know from the rising of the sun�察�And from the 

west�察�that there is none beside me�察�I am Jehovah�察�and none else�察�Forming 

light and creating darkness�察�Forming peace�察�and creating evil。 I�察�Jehovah�察�

make all these。 

       This is the  Hebrew  prophet's   conception of   the  great   Puritan of   the 

Old World who went forth with such a mission as this�察�to destroy the 

idols of the East�察�while 

       The isles saw that�察�and feared�察�And the ends of the earth were afraid�察�

They drew near�察�they came together�察�Everyone helped his neighbour�察�And 

said to his brother�察�Be of good courage。 

     The carver encouraged the smith�察�He that smoothed with the hammer 

Him that smote on the anvil�察�Saying of the solder�察�It is good�察�And fixing 

the idol with nails�察�lest it be moved�察�

       But all in vain�察�for as the poet goes on�此�

       Bel bowed down�察�and Nebo stooped�察�Their idols were upon the cattle�察�

A burden to the weary beast。 They stoop�察�they bow down together�察�They 

could not deliver their own charge�察�Themselves are gone into captivity。 

       And what�察�to return�察�what was the end of the great Cyrus and of his 

empire�拭�

     Alas�察�alas� �as with all human glory�察�the end was not as the beginning。 

     We are scarce bound to believe positively the story how Cyrus made 

one war too many�察�and was cut off in the Scythian deserts�察�falling before 

the arrows of mere savages�察�and how their queen�察�Tomyr

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