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the unknown guest(聴伏人)-及38准

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     If   we    assent    to  this   explanation      by   means     of   the   subliminal 

consciousness�察      �which    is  a  sort  of  mysterious      participation    in  all  that 

happens   in   this   world   and   the   others�察  �many   obstacles   disappear   and   we 

enter into a new region in which we draw strangely nearer to the animals 

and really become their brothers by closer links�察�perhaps the only essential 

links in life。 They take part from that moment in the great human problems�察�

in the extraordinary actions of our unknown guest�察�and�察�if�察�since we have 

been observing the indwelling force more attentively�察�nothing any longer 

surprises   us   of   that   which   it   realizes   in   us�察  �no   more   should   anything 

surprise us of that which it realizes in them。 We are on the same plane with 

them�察  �in   some   as   yet   undetermined   element�察  �when   it   is   no   longer   the 



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intelligence that reigns alone�察�but another spiritual power�察�which pays no 

heed to the brain�察�which passes by other roads and which might rather be 

the   psychic   substance   of   the   universe   itself�察  �no   longer   set   in   grooves�察�

isolated and specialized   by  man�察 �but diffused�察�multiform  and   perhaps�察 �if 

we could trace it�察�equal in everything that exists。 

     There is�察�henceforth�察�no reason why the horses should not participate 

in most of the mediumistic�察�phenomena which we find existing between 

man and man�察�and their mystery ceases to be distinct from those of human 

metaphysics。 If their subliminal is akin to ours�察�we can begin by extending 

to its utmost limits the telepathic theory�察�which has�察�so to speak�察�no limits�察�

for�察�in the matter of telepathy�察�as Myers has said�察�all that we are permitted 

to declare is that ;life has the power of manifesting itself to life。; We may 

ask ourselves�察�therefore�察�if the problem which I set to the horse�察�without 

knowing the terms of it�察�is not communicated to my subliminal�察�which is 

ignorant of it�察�by that of the horse�察�who has read it。 It is practically certain 

that    this  is  possible    between     human      subliminals。     Is  it  I  who   see   the 

solution   and   transmit   it   to   the   horse�察  �who   only   repeats   it   to   me�拭  �But�察�

suppose   that   it   is   a   problem   which   I   myself   am   incapable   of   solving�拭�

Whence does the solution come�察�then�拭�I do not know if the experiment has 

been   attempted�察  �under   the   same   conditions�察  �with   a   human   medium。   For 

that matter�察�if it succeeded�察�it would be very much the same as the no less 

subliminal       phenomenon         of   the    arithmetical     prodigies�察    �or   lightning 

calculators�察  �with   which�察  �in   this   rather   superhuman   atmosphere�察  �we   are 

almost forced to compare the riddle of the mathematical horses。 Of all the 

interpretations�察�it is the one which�察�for the moment�察�appears to me the least 

eccentric and the most natural。 

     We     have   seen    that  the   gift  of  handling     colossal    figures    is  almost 

foreign   to   the   intelligence   proper�察  �one   can�察  �even   declare   that�察  �in   certain 

cases�察�it is evidently and completely independent of such intelligence。 In 

these   cases�察  �the   gift   is   manifested   prior   to   any   education   and   from   the 

earliest years of childhood。 If we refer to the list of arithmetical prodigies 

given by Dr。 Scripure�撮�1�А�we see that the faculty made its appearance in 

Ampere       at  the  age   of   three�察  �in  Colburn     at  six�察 �in  Gauss     at  three�察 �in 

Mangiamele   at   ten�察  �in   Safford   at   six�察  �in   Whateley   at   three�察  �and   so   on。 



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Generally�察�it lasts for only a few years�察�becoming rapidly enfeebled with 

age   and   usually   vanishing   suddenly   at   the   moment   when   its   possessor 

begins to go to school。 

     ��1�А�American Journal of Psychology�察�1 April 1891。 

       When      you   ask    those   children    and    even    most    of   the  lightning 

calculators who have come to man's estate how they go to work to solve 

the huge   and   complicated   problems   set   them�察  �they  reply  that they  know 

nothing about it。 Bidder�察�for instance�察�declares that it is impossible for him 

to say how he can instinctively tell the logarithm of a number consisting of 

seven or eight figures。 It is the same with Safford�察�who�察�at the age of ten�察�

used   to   do   in   his   head�察  �without   ever   making   a   mistake�察  �multiplication´ 

sums the result of which ran into thirty´six figures。 The solution presents 

itself   authoritatively  and   spontaneously�察  �it   is  a vision�察  �an impression�察  �an 

inspiration�察  �an   intuition   coming   one   knows   not   whence�察  �suddenly   and 

indubitably。 As a role�察�they do not even try to calculate。 Contrary to the 

general belief�察�they have no peculiar methods�察�or�察�if method there be�察�it is 

more a practical way of subdividing the intuition。 One would think that the 

solution springs suddenly from the very enunciation of the problem�察�in the 

same   way   as   a   veridical   hallucination。   It   appears   to   rise�察  �infallible   and 

ready´done�察      �from   a  sort   of  eternal   and    cosmic    reservoir    wherein     the 

answers to every question lie dormant。 It must�察�therefore�察�be admitted that 

we have here a phenomenon that occurs above or below the brain�察�by the 

side of the consciousness and the mind�察�outside all the intellectual methods 

and   habits�察  �and   it   is   precisely   for   phenomena   of   this   kind   that   Myers 

invented the word ;subliminal。;��1�А�

     ��1�А  �I   have   no   need   to   recall   the   derivation   of   the   term   subliminal�此�

beneath ��sub�� the threshold ��limen�� of consciousness。 Let us add�察�as M。 de 

Vesme      very   rightly    remarks�察   �that   the  subliminal     is  not   exactly    what 

classical psychology calls the subconsciousness�察�which latter records only 

notions that are normally perceived and possesses only normal faculties�察�

that is to say�察�faculties recognized to´day by orthodox science。 



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     Does not all this bring us a little nearer to our calculating horses�拭�From 

the   moment   that   it   is   demonstrated   that   the   solution   of   a   mathematical 

problem      no   longer   depends     exclusively     on   the  brain�察  �but   on   another 

faculty�察�another spiritual power whose presence under various forms has 

been ascertained beyond a doubt in certain animals�察�it ceases to be wholly 

rash    or  extravagant      to  suggest    that  perhaps�察    �in  the   horse�察  �the  same 

phenomenon is reproduced and developed in the same unknown�察�wherein 

moreover the mysteries of numbers and those of subconsciousness mingle 

in a like darkness。 I am well aware that an explanation laden to such an 

extent   with    mysteries     explains   but   very   little   more  than   silence   does�察�

nevertheless�察  �it   is   at   least   a   silence   traversed   by   restless   murmurs�察  �and 

sedulous whispers that are better than the gloomy and hopeless ignorance 

to which we would have perforce to resign ourselves if we did not�察�in spite 

of all�察�to perform the great duty of man�察�which is to discover a spark in the 

darkness。 

     It  goes   without     saying   that  objections     are  raised   from   every    side。 

Among men�察�arithmetical prodigies are looked upon as monsters�察�as a sort 

of extremely rare teratological phenomenon。 We can count�察�at most�察�half´ 

a´dozen in a century�察�whereas�察�among horses�察�the faculty would appear to 

be almost general�察�or at least quite common。 In fact�察�out of six or seven 

stallions whom  Krall tried to initiate into the secrets of   mathematics�察 �he 

found   only  two   that   appeared   to   him  too   poorly  gifted   for him  to   waste 

time   on   their   education。   These   were�察  �I   believe�察  �two   thoroughbreds   that 

were presented to him by the Grand´duke of Mecklenburg and sent back 

by   Krall   to   their   sumptuous   stables。   In   the   four   or   five   others�察  �taken   at 

random as circumstances supplied them�察�he met with aptitudes unequal�察�it 

is   true�察  �but   easily   developed   and   giving   the   impression   that   they   exist 

normally�察�latent and inactive�察�at the bottom of every equine soul。 From the 

mathematical point of view�察�is the horse's subliminal consciousness then 

superior   to    man's�拭  �Why   not�拭    �His   whole    subliminal   being     is  probably 

superior   to   one�察 �

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