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     〃From  the   maybe   enchanted   atmosphere   that   surrounds   numbers   we 

shall pass more easily to the even more magic mists of the final theory�察�the 

only one remaining to us for the moment�此�the mediumistic or subliminal 

theory。 This�察�we must remember�察�is not the telepathic theory proper which 

decisive   experiments   have   made   us   reject。   Let   us   have   the   courage   to 

venture upon it。 When one can no longer interpret a phenomenon by the 

known�察�we must needs try to do so by the unknown。 We�察�therefore�察�now 

enter a   new province   of a   great unexplored   kingdom�察 �in   which   we   shall 

find ourselves without a guide。 

     Mediumistic        phenomena�察       �manifestations      of   the   secondary      or   the 

subliminal   consciousness�察  �between   man   and   man�察  �are�察  �as   we   have   more 

than    once    had   occasion     to  assure    ourselves�察   �capricious�察    �undisciplined�察�

evasive and uncertain�察�but more frequent than one thought and�察�to one who 

examines�察  �them   seriously   and   honestly�察  �often   undeniable。   Have   similar 

manifestations been discovered between man and the animals�拭�The study 

of these  manifestations�察 �which   is   very  difficult even   in   the  case of   man�察�

becomes   still   more   so   when   we   question   witnesses   doomed   to   silence。 



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There   are�察  �however�察  �some   animals   which   are   looked   upon   as   ;psychic�察─�

which�察     �in  other   words�察    �seem    indisputably      to   be   sensitive    to  certain 

subliminal influences。 One usually classes the cat�察�the dog and the horse in 

this   somewhat   ill´defined        category。   To   these   superstitious   animals       one 

might perhaps add certain birds�察�more or less birds of omen�察�and even a 

few   insects�察  �notably   the   bees。   Other   animals�察  �such   as�察  �for   instance�察  �the 

elephant and the monkey�察�appear to be proof against mystery。 Be this as it 

may�察    �M。   Ernest    Bozzano�察     �in  an   excellent     article  on   Les    Perceptions 

psychiques des animaux�撮�1�А�collected in 1905 sixty´nine cases of telepathy�察�

presentiments and hallucinations of sight or hearing in which the principal 

actors are cats�察�dogs and horses。 There are�察�even among them�察�ghosts or 

phantoms   of   dogs   which�察  �after  their   death�察  �return   to   haunt   the   homes   in 

which      they    were    happy。     Most     of   these   cases    are   taken     from    the 

Proceedings of the S。 P。 R。�察�that is to say�察�they have nearly all been very 

strictly investigated。 It is impossible�察�short of filling these pages with often 

striking     and   touching     but  rather    cumbersome       anecdotes�察     �to  enumerate 

them here�察�however briefly。 It will be sufficient to note that sometimes the 

dog begins to howl at the exact moment when his master loses his life�察�for 

instance�察�on a battlefield�察�hundreds of miles from the place where the dog 

is。 More   commonly�察 �the   cat�察�the dog and   the   horse   plainly  manifest   that 

they  perceive�察 �often   before  men   do�察 �telepathic  apparitions�察 �phantasms   of 

the living or the dead。 Horses in particular seem very sensitive to places 

that    pass   as  haunted     or   uncanny。     On    the   whole�察   �the   result   of  these 

observations is that we can hardly dispute that these animals communicate 

as much as we do and perhaps in the same fashion with the mystery that 

lies   around     us。  There    are   moments      at  which�察    �like  man�察   �they   see   the 

invisible and perceive events�察�influences and emotions that are beyond the 

range   of   their   normal   senses。   It   is�察  �therefore�察 �permissible   to   believe   that 

their nervous system or some remote or secret part of their being contains 

the same psychic elements connecting them with an unknown that inspires 

them with as much terror as it does ourselves。 And�察�let us say in passing�察�

this   terror   is   rather   strange�察  �for�察  �after   all�察  �what   have  they  to   fear   from   a 

phantom or an apparition�察�they who�察�we are convinced have no after´life 

and     who     ought�察    �therefore�察    �to   remain     perfectly     indifferent     to   the 



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manifestations�察�of a world in which they will never set foot�拭�

     ��1�А�Annales des sciences psychiques�察�August�察�1905�察�pp 422´469。 

       I shall perhaps be told that it is not certain that these apparitions are 

objective�察    �that  they   correspond     with    an  external    reality�察 �but  that   it  is 

exceedingly possible that they spring solely from the man's or the animal's 

brain。 This   is   not   the   moment   to   discuss   this   very   obscure   point�察  �which 

raises the whole question of the supernatural and all the problems of the 

hereafter。 The only important thing to observe is that at one time it is man 

who transmits his terror�察�his perception or his idea of the invisible to the 

animal   and   at   another   the   animal   which   transmits   its   sensations   to   man。 

We have here�察�therefore�察�intercommunications which spring from a deeper 

common source than any that we know and which�察�to issue from it or go 

back to it�察�pass through other channels than those of our customary senses。 

Now all this belongs to that unexplained sensibility�察�to that secret treasure�察�

to that as yet undetermined psychic power which�察�for lack of a better term�察�

we call subconsciousness or subliminal consciousness。 Moreover�察�it is not 

surprising that in the animals�察�these subliminal faculties not only exist�察�but 

are   perhaps   keener   and   more   active   than   in   ourselves�察  �because   it   is   our 

conscious      and    abnormally      individualized     life  that   atrophies    them    by 

relegating them to a state of idleness wherein they have fewer and fewer 

opportunities   of   being   exercised�察  �whereas   in   our   brothers   who   are   less 

detached from the universe�察�consciousnessif we can give that name to a 

very    uncertain     and   confused     notion   of   the  egois   reduced     to  a  few 

elementary actions。 They are much less separated than ourselves from the 

whole of the circumambient life and they still possess a number of those 

more general and indeterminate senses whereof we have been deprived by 

the gradual encroachment of a narrow and intolerant special faculty�察�our 

intelligence。     Among      these    senses   which     up   to  the   present    we   have 

described as instincts�察�for wantand it is becoming a pressing wantof a 

more   suitable   and   definite   word�察  �need   I   mention   the   sense   of   direction�察�

migration�察�foreknowledge of   the weather�察�of   earthquakes and   avalanches 

and many others which we doubtless do not even suspect�拭�Does all this 

not belong to a subconsciousness which differs from ours only in being so 

much richer�拭�



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     I   am   fully   aware   that   this   explanation   by   means   of   the   subliminal 

consciousness will not explain very much and will at most invoke the aid 

of   the   unknown      to  illuminate    the  incomprehensible。       But   to  explain    a 

phenomenon�察�a Dr。 J。 de Modzelwski very truly says�察 �is to put forward a 

theory which is more familiar and more easily comprehensible to us than 

the   phenomenon        at  issue。;  This   is  really   what   we   are   constantly   and 

almost     exclusively     doing   in  physics�察   �chemistry�察   �biology    and   in   every 

branch   of   science   without   exception。   To   explain   a   phenomenon   is   not 

necessarily to make it as clear and lucid as that two and two are four�察�and�察�

even   so�察  �the   fact   that   two   and   two   are   four   is   not�察  �when   we   go   to   the 

bottom of things�察�as clear and lucid as it seems。 What in this case�察�as in 

most     others�察  �we   wrongfully     call  explaining     is  simply   confronting     the 

unexpected   mystery   which   these   horses   offer   us   with   a   few   phenomena 

which are themselves unknown�察�but which have been perceived longer and 

more   frequently。 And   this   same   mystery�察  �thus   explained�察  �will   serve   one 

day to explain others。 It is in this way that science goes to work。 We must 

not blame it�此�it does what it can�察�and it does not appear that there are other 

ways。 



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     If   we    assent    to  this   explanation      by   means     of   the   subliminal 

consciousness�察      �which    is  a  sort  of  m

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