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unwilling to go to war�察�which is a good and honourable thing��



  The cowards�察�he replied。



  And what is good and honourable�察�I said�察�is also pleasant��



  It has certainly been acknowledged to be so�察�he replied。



  And do the cowards knowingly refuse to go to the nobler�察�and



pleasanter�察�and better��



  The admission of that�察�he replied�察�would belie our former



admissions。



  But does not the courageous man also go to meet the better�察�and



pleasanter�察�and nobler��



  That must be admitted。



  And the courageous man has no base fear or base confidence��



  True�察�he replied。



  And if not base�察�then honourable��



  He admitted this。



  And if honourable�察�then good��



  Yes。



  But the fear and confidence of the coward or foolhardy or madman�察�on



the contrary�察�are base��



  He assented。



  And these base fears and confidences originate in ignorance and



uninstructedness��



  True�察�he said。



  Then as to the motive from which the cowards act�察�do you call it



cowardice or courage��



  I should say cowardice�察�he replied。



  And have they not been shown to be cowards through their ignorance



of dangers��



  Assuredly�察�he said。



  And because of that ignorance they are cowards��



  He assented。



  And the reason why they are cowards is admitted by you to be



cowardice��



  He again assented。



  Then the ignorance of what is and is not dangerous is cowardice��



  He nodded assent。



  But surely courage�察�I said�察�is opposed to cowardice��



  Yes。



  Then the wisdom which knows what are and are not dangers is



opposed to the ignorance of them��



  To that again he nodded assent。



  And the ignorance of them is cowardice��



  To that he very reluctantly nodded assent。



  And the knowledge of that which is and is not dangerous is



courage�察�and is opposed to the ignorance of these things��



  At this point he would no longer nod assent�察�but was silent。



  And why�察�I said�察�do you neither assent nor dissent�察�Protagoras��



  Finish the argument by yourself�察�he said。



  I only want to ask one more question�察�I said。 I want to know whether



you still think that there are men who are most ignorant and yet



most courageous��



  You seem to have a great ambition to make me answer�察�Socrates�察�and



therefore I will gratify you�察�and say�察�that this appears to me to be



impossible consistently with the argument。



  My only object�察�I said�察�in continuing the discussion�察�has been the



desire to ascertain the nature and relations of virtue�察�for if this



were clear�察�I am very sure that the other controversy which has been



carried on at great length by both of us´you affirming and I denying



that virtue can be taught´would also become clear。 The result of our



discussion appears to me to be singular。 For if the argument had a



human voice�察�that voice would be heard laughing at us and saying��



;Protagoras and Socrates�察�you are strange beings�察�there are you��



Socrates�察�who were saying that virtue cannot be taught��



contradicting yourself now by your attempt to prove that all things



are knowledge�察�including justice�察�and temperance�察�and courage�察�which



tends to show that virtue can certainly be taught�察�for if virtue



were other than knowledge�察�as Protagoras attempted to prove�察�then



clearly virtue cannot be taught�察�but if virtue is entirely



knowledge�察�as you are seeking to show�察�then I cannot but suppose



that virtue is capable of being taught。 Protagoras�察�on the other hand��



who started by saying that it might be taught�察�is now eager to prove



it to be anything rather than knowledge�察�and if this is true�察�it



must be quite incapable of being taught。; Now I�察�Protagoras��



perceiving this terrible confusion of our ideas�察�have a great desire



that they should be cleared up。 And I should like to carry on the



discussion until we ascertain what virtue is�察�whether capable of being



taught or not�察�lest haply Epimetheus should trip us up and deceive



us in the argument�察�as he forgot us in the story�察�I prefer your



Prometheus to your Epimetheus�察�for of him I make use�察�whenever I am



busy about these questions�察�in Promethean care of my own life。 And



if you have no objection�察�as I said at first�察�I should like to have



your help in the enquiry。



  Protagoras replied�此�Socrates�察�I am not of a base nature�察�and I am



the last man in the world to be envious。 I cannot but applaud your



energy and your conduct of an argument。 As I have often said�察�I admire



you above all men whom I know�察�and far above all men of your age��



and I believe that you will become very eminent in philosophy。 Let



us come back to the subject at some future time�察�at present we had



better turn to something else。



  By all means�察�I said�察�if that is your wish�察�for I too ought long



since to have kept the engagement of which I spoke before�察�and only



tarried because I could not refuse the request of the noble Callias。



So the conversation ended�察�and we went our way。











                             ´THE END´



。


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