protagoras-及15准
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
unwilling to go to war�察�which is a good and honourable thing��
The cowards�察�he replied。
And what is good and honourable�察�I said�察�is also pleasant��
It has certainly been acknowledged to be so�察�he replied。
And do the cowards knowingly refuse to go to the nobler�察�and
pleasanter�察�and better��
The admission of that�察�he replied�察�would belie our former
admissions。
But does not the courageous man also go to meet the better�察�and
pleasanter�察�and nobler��
That must be admitted。
And the courageous man has no base fear or base confidence��
True�察�he replied。
And if not base�察�then honourable��
He admitted this。
And if honourable�察�then good��
Yes。
But the fear and confidence of the coward or foolhardy or madman�察�on
the contrary�察�are base��
He assented。
And these base fears and confidences originate in ignorance and
uninstructedness��
True�察�he said。
Then as to the motive from which the cowards act�察�do you call it
cowardice or courage��
I should say cowardice�察�he replied。
And have they not been shown to be cowards through their ignorance
of dangers��
Assuredly�察�he said。
And because of that ignorance they are cowards��
He assented。
And the reason why they are cowards is admitted by you to be
cowardice��
He again assented。
Then the ignorance of what is and is not dangerous is cowardice��
He nodded assent。
But surely courage�察�I said�察�is opposed to cowardice��
Yes。
Then the wisdom which knows what are and are not dangers is
opposed to the ignorance of them��
To that again he nodded assent。
And the ignorance of them is cowardice��
To that he very reluctantly nodded assent。
And the knowledge of that which is and is not dangerous is
courage�察�and is opposed to the ignorance of these things��
At this point he would no longer nod assent�察�but was silent。
And why�察�I said�察�do you neither assent nor dissent�察�Protagoras��
Finish the argument by yourself�察�he said。
I only want to ask one more question�察�I said。 I want to know whether
you still think that there are men who are most ignorant and yet
most courageous��
You seem to have a great ambition to make me answer�察�Socrates�察�and
therefore I will gratify you�察�and say�察�that this appears to me to be
impossible consistently with the argument。
My only object�察�I said�察�in continuing the discussion�察�has been the
desire to ascertain the nature and relations of virtue�察�for if this
were clear�察�I am very sure that the other controversy which has been
carried on at great length by both of us´you affirming and I denying
that virtue can be taught´would also become clear。 The result of our
discussion appears to me to be singular。 For if the argument had a
human voice�察�that voice would be heard laughing at us and saying��
;Protagoras and Socrates�察�you are strange beings�察�there are you��
Socrates�察�who were saying that virtue cannot be taught��
contradicting yourself now by your attempt to prove that all things
are knowledge�察�including justice�察�and temperance�察�and courage�察�which
tends to show that virtue can certainly be taught�察�for if virtue
were other than knowledge�察�as Protagoras attempted to prove�察�then
clearly virtue cannot be taught�察�but if virtue is entirely
knowledge�察�as you are seeking to show�察�then I cannot but suppose
that virtue is capable of being taught。 Protagoras�察�on the other hand��
who started by saying that it might be taught�察�is now eager to prove
it to be anything rather than knowledge�察�and if this is true�察�it
must be quite incapable of being taught。; Now I�察�Protagoras��
perceiving this terrible confusion of our ideas�察�have a great desire
that they should be cleared up。 And I should like to carry on the
discussion until we ascertain what virtue is�察�whether capable of being
taught or not�察�lest haply Epimetheus should trip us up and deceive
us in the argument�察�as he forgot us in the story�察�I prefer your
Prometheus to your Epimetheus�察�for of him I make use�察�whenever I am
busy about these questions�察�in Promethean care of my own life。 And
if you have no objection�察�as I said at first�察�I should like to have
your help in the enquiry。
Protagoras replied�此�Socrates�察�I am not of a base nature�察�and I am
the last man in the world to be envious。 I cannot but applaud your
energy and your conduct of an argument。 As I have often said�察�I admire
you above all men whom I know�察�and far above all men of your age��
and I believe that you will become very eminent in philosophy。 Let
us come back to the subject at some future time�察�at present we had
better turn to something else。
By all means�察�I said�察�if that is your wish�察�for I too ought long
since to have kept the engagement of which I spoke before�察�and only
tarried because I could not refuse the request of the noble Callias。
So the conversation ended�察�and we went our way。
´THE END´
。