london in 1731-第7节

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The　Post　Office　is　situated　on　the　south　side　of　Lombard　Street；　near　Stocks　Market。　　It　was　the　dwelling…house　of　Sir　Robert　Vyner；　in　the　reign　of　King　Charles　II。　　The　principal　entrance　is　out　of　Lombard　Street；　through　a　great　gate　and　passage　that　leads　into　a　handsome　paved　court；　about　which　are　the　several　offices　for　receiving　and　distributing　letters；　extremely　well　contrived。

Letters　and　packets　are　despatched　from　hence　every　Monday　to　France；　Italy；　Spain；　Portugal；　Flanders；　Germany；　Sweden；　Denmark；　Kent；　and　the　Downs。

Every　Tuesday　to　the　United　Netherlands；　Germany；　Sweden；　Denmark；　and　to　all　parts　of　England；　Scotland；　and　Ireland。

Every　Wednesday　to　Kent　only；　and　the　Downs。

Every　Thursday　to　France；　Spain；　Portugal；　Italy；　and　all　parts　of　England　and　Scotland。

Every　Friday　to　the　Austrian　and　United　Netherlands；　Germany；　Sweden；　Denmark；　and　to　Kent　and　the　Downs。

Every　Saturday　to　all　parts　of　England；　Scotland；　and　Ireland。

The　post　goes　also　every　day　to　those　places　where　the　Court　resides；　as　also　to　the　usual　stations　and　rendezvous　of　His　Majesty's　fleet；　as　the　Downs；　Spithead；　and　to　Tunbridge　during　the　season　for　drinking　waters；　&c。

Letters　and　packets　are　received　from　all　parts　of　England　and　Scotland；　except　Wales；　every　Monday；　Wednesday；　and　Friday；　from　Wales　every　Monday　and　Friday；　and　from　Kent　and　the　Downs　every　day。

His　Majesty　keeps　constantly；　for　the　transport　of　the　said　letters　and　packets；　in　times　of　peace；

Between　England　and　France；　three　packet…boats；　Spain；　one　in　a　fortnight；　Portugal；　one　ditto；　Flanders；　two　packet…boats；　Holland；　three　packet…boats；　Ireland；　three　packet…boats。

And　at　Deal；　two　packet…boats　for　the　Downs。

Not　to　mention　the　extraordinary　packet…boats；　in　time　of　war　with　France　and　Spain；　to　the　Leeward　Islands；　&c。

A　letter　containing　a　whole　sheet　of　paper　is　conveyed　eighty　miles　for　3d。；　and　two　sheets　6d。　and　an　ounce　of　letters　but　1s。　　And　above　eighty　miles　a　single　letter　is　4d。；　a　double　letter　8d。；　and　an　ounce　1s。　4d。

9。　　Billingsgate　Ward　is　bounded　by　Langbourn　Ward　towards　the　north；　by　Tower　Street　Ward　on　the　east；　by　the　River　Thames　on　the　south；　and　by　Bridge　Ward　Within　on　the　west。　　The　principal　streets　and　places　in　this　ward　are；　Thames　Street；　Little　East　Cheap；　Pudding　Lane；　Botolph　Lane；　Love　Lane；　St。　Mary　Hill；　and　Rood　Lane。

The　wharves；　or　quays；　as　they　lie　on　the　Thames　side　from　east　to　west；　are；　Smart's　Quay；　Billings　gate；　Little　Somer's　Quay；　Great　Somer's　Quay；　Botolph　Wharf；　Cox's　Quay；　and　Fresh　Wharf　which　last　is　the　next　quay　to　the　bridge；　of　which　Billingsgate　is　much　the　most　resorted　to。　　It　is　a　kind　of　square　dock；　or　inlet；　having　quays　on　three　sides　of　it；　to　which　the　vessels　lie　close　while　they　are　unloading。　　By　a　statute　of　the　10th　and　11th　of　William　III。　it　was　enacted；　〃That　Billingsgate　should　be　a　free　market　for　fish　every　day　in　the　week；　except　Sundays。〃　　That　a　fishing…vessel　should　pay　no　other　toll　or　duty　than　the　Act　prescribes；　viz。；　every　salt…fish　vessel；　for　groundage；　8d。　per　day；　and　20d。　per　voyage；　a　lobster　boat　2d。　per　day　groundage；　and　13d。　the　voyage；　every　dogger　boat；　or　smack　with　sea…fish；　2d。　per　day　groundage；　and　13d。　the　voyage；　every　oyster　vessel；　2d。　per　day　groundage；　and　a　halfpenny　per　bushel　metage。　　And　that　it　should　be　lawful　for　any　person　who　should　buy　fish　in　the　said　market　to　sell　the　same　in　any　other　market　or　place　in　London；　or　elsewhere；　by　retail。〃　　And　because　the　fishmongers　used　to　buy　up　great　part　of　the　fish　at　Billingsgate；　and　then　divide　the　same　among　themselves；　in　order　to　set　an　extravagant　price　upon　them；　it　was　enacted；　〃That　no　person　should　buy；　or　cause　to　be　bought；　in　the　said　market　of　Billingsgate；　any　quantity　of　fish；　to　be　divided　by　lot　among　the　fishmongers；　or　other　persons；　with　an　intent　to　sell　them　afterwards　by　retail；　and　that　no　fishmonger　should　buy　any　more　than　for　his　own　use；　on　pain　of　20　pounds。〃　　And　by　the　6th　Annae　it　was　enacted；　〃That　no　person　should　buy　fish　at　Billingsgate　to　sell　again　in　the　same　market；　and　that　none　but　fishermen；　their　wives；　or　servants；　should　sell　fish　by　retail　at　Billingsgate；　and　that　none　should　buy　or　sell　fish　there　before　the　ringing　of　the　market　bell。〃

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Butchers'　Hall；　and　the　churches　of　St。　Mary　Hill；　St。　Margaret　Pattens；　and　St。　George；　in　Botolph　Lane。

10。　　Bridge　Ward　Within　contains　London　Bridge；　New　Fish　Street；　Gracechurch　Street　as　far　as　Fenchurch　Street；　Thames　Street　from　Fish　Street　to　the　Old　Swan；　part　of　St。　Martin's　Lane；　part　of　St。　Michael's　Lane；　and　part　of　Crooked　Lane。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　London　Bridge；　the　Monument；　Fishmongers'　Hall；　and　the　churches　of　St。　Magnus　and　St　Bennet；　Gracechurch　Street。

The　Monument　stands　on　the　west　side　of　Fish　Street　Hill；　a　little　to　the　northward　of　the　bridge；　and　was　erected　by　the　legislative　authority；　in　memory　of　the　Fire；　anno　1666；　and　was　designed　by　Sir　Christopher　Wren。　　It　has　a　fluted　column；　202　feet　high　from　the　ground；　the　greatest　diameter　of　the　shaft　15　feet；　and　the　plinth；　or　lowest　part　of　the　pedestal；　28　feet　square；　and　40　feet　high；　the　whole　being　of　Portland　stone；　except　the　staircase　within；　which　is　of　black　marble；　containing　345　steps；　ten　inches　and　a　half　broad；　and　six　inches　deep；　and　a　balcony　on　the　outside　32　feet　from　the　top；　on　which　is　a　gilded　flame。　　The　front　of　the　pedestal；　towards　the　west；　contains　a　representation　of　the　Fire；　and　the　resurrection　of　the　present　city　out　of　the　ruins　of　the　former。

11。　　Candlewick　or　Cannon　Street　Ward　contains　part　of　Great　East　Cheap；　part　of　Candlewick；　now　called　Cannon　Street；　part　of　Abchurch　Lane；　St。　Nicholas　Lane；　St。　Clement's　Lane；　St。　Michael's　Lane；　Crooked　Lane；　St。　Martin's　Lane；　St。　Lawrence　Poultney　Lane；　with　the　courts　and　alleys　that　fall　into　them。

In　Cannon　Street　is　that　remarkable　stone　called　London　Stone；　which　has　remained　fixed　in　the　ground　many　hundred　years；　but　for　what　end　is　uncertain；　though　supposed　by　some　to　be　the　place　from　whence　the　Romans　began　to　compute　the　number　of　miles　anciently　to　any　part　of　the　kingdom。

12。　　Walbrook　Ward　contains　the　best　part　of　Walbrook；　part　of　Bucklersbury；　the　east　end　of　Budge　Row；　the　north　end　of　Dowgate；　part　of　Cannon　Street；　most　of　Swithin's　Lane；　most　of　Bearbinder　Lane；　part　of　Bush　Lane；　part　of　Suffolk　Lane；　part　of　Green　Lattice　Lane；　and　part　of　Abchurch　Lane；　with　several　courts　and　lanes　that　fall　into　them。

Stocks　Market　consists　of　a　pretty　large　square；　having　Cornhill　and　Lombard　Street　on　the　north…east；　the　Poultry　on　the　north…west；　and　Walbrook　on　the　south…east。　　Before　the　Fire　it　was　a　market　chiefly　for　fish　and　flesh；　and　afterwards　for　fruit　and　garden　stuff。

In　this　market　Sir　Robert　Vyner；　Bart。　and　Alderman；　erected　a　marble　equestrian　statue　of　King　Charles　II。；　standing　on　a　pedestal　eighteen　feet　high；　and　trampling　on　his　enemies。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Salters'　Hall；　the　churches　of　St。　Swithin　and　St。　Stephen；　Walbrook。

13。　　Dowgate；　or　Dowgate　Ward；　so　called　from　the　principal　street；　which　has　a　steep　descent　or　fall　into　the　Thames；　contains　part　of　Thames　Street；　part　of　St。　Lawrence…Poultney　Hill；　part　of　Duxford　Lane；　part　of　Suffolk　Lane；　part　of　Bush　Lane；　part　of　Dowgate　Hill；　Checquer　Yard；　Elbow　Lane；　and　Cloak　Lane；　and　the　southward　of　Thames　Street；　Old　Swan　Lane；　Cole　Harbour；　Allhallows　Lane；　Campion　Lane；　Friars　Lane；　Cozens　Lane；　Dowgate　Dock；　and　the　Steel　Yard。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Tallow…chandlers'　Hall；　Skinners'　Hall；　Innholders'　Hall；　Plumbers'　Hall；　Joiners'　Hall；　Watermen's　Hall；　and　the　church　of　Allhallows　the　Great。

14。　　Vintry　Ward　（which　was　so　called　from　the　wine　merchants　who　landed　and　sold　their　wines　here）　contains　part　of　Thames　Street；　New　Queen　Street；　Garlick　Hill；　College　Hill；　and　St。　Thomas　Apostles。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Vintners'　Hall；　Cutlers'　Hall；　the　churches　of　St。　Michael　Royal　and　St。　James；　Garlick　Hill。

Vintners'　Hall　is　situated　on　the　south　side　of　Thames　Street；　between　Queen　Street　and　Garlick　Hill；　being　built　on　three　sides　of　a　quadrangle　fronting　the　street。　　The　rooms　are　large；　finely　wainscoted　and　carved；　particularly　the　magnificent　screen　at　the　east　end　of　the　great　hall；　which　is　adorned　with　two　columns；　their　entablature　and　pediment；　and　on　acroters　are　placed　the　figure　of　Bacchus　between　several　Fames；　with　other　embellishments；　and　they　have　a　garden　backwards　towards　the　Thames。

15。　　Cordwainers'　Street　Ward；　so　called　from　the　cordwainers　（shoemakers）；　curriers；　and　other　dealers　in　leather；　that　inhabited　that　part　of　the　town　anciently；　includes　Bow　Lane；　New　Queen　Street；　Budge　Row；　Tower　Royal　Street；　Little　St。　Thomas　Apostle's；　Pancras　Lane；　a　small　part　of　Watling　Street；　a　little　part　of　Basing　Lane；　and　St。　Sythe's　Lane。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　the　church　of　St。　Anthony；　St。　Mary　Aldermary；　and　St。　Mary…le…Bow。

16。　　Cheap　Ward。　　The　principal　streets　and　places　in　this　ward　are　Cheapside；　the　Poultry；　par