london in 1731-第11节

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6。　　That　none　be　admitted　but　such　as　are　without　any　probable　means　of　being　provided　for　otherways；　nor　without　a　due　certificate　from　the　minister；　churchwardens；　and　three　or　four　of　the　principal　inhabitants　of　the　parish　whence　any　children　come；　certifying　the　poverty　and　inability　of　the　parent　to　maintain　such　children；　and　the　true　age　of　the　said　child；　and　engaging　to　discharge　the　hospital　of　them　before　or　after　the　age　of　fifteen　years　if　a　boy；　or　fourteen　years　if　a　girl；　which　shall　be　left　to　the　governor's　pleasure　to　do；　so　that　it　shall　be　wholly　in　the　power　of　the　hospital　to　dispose　of　such　child；　or　return　them　to　the　parent　or　parish；　as　to　the　hospital　shall　seem　good。

7。　　That　no　child　be　admitted　that　hath　a　brother　or　sister　in　the　hospital　already。

8。　　To　the　end　that　no　children　be　admitted　contrary　to　the　rules　abovesaid；　when　the　general　court　shall　direct　the　taking　in　of　any　children；　they　shall　（before　taken　in）　be　presented　to　a　committee；　consisting　of　the　president；　treasurer；　or　the　almoners；　renters；　scrutineers；　and　auditors；　and　all　other　governors　to　be　summoned　at　the　first　time；　and　so　to　adjourn　from　time　to　time：　　and　that　they；　or　any　thirteen　or　more　of　them；　whereof　the　president　or　treasurer　for　the　time　being　to　be　one；　shall　strictly　examine　touching　the　age；　birth；　and　quality　of　such　children；　and　of　the　truth　of　the　said　certificates；　and　when　such　committee　shall　find　cause；　they　shall　forbid　or　suspend　the　taking　in　of　any　child；　until　they　receive　full　satisfaction　that　such　child　or　children　are　duly　qualified　according　to　the　rules　abovesaid。

And　that　such　children　as　may　be　presented　to　be　admitted　in　pursuance　of　the　will　of　any　benefactor；　shall　be　examined　by　the　said　committee；　who　are　to　take　care　that　such　children　be　qualified　according　to　the　wills　of　the　donors　or　benefactors　（as　near　as　may　consist　with　such　wills）　agreeing　to　the　qualifications　above。

The　Lord　Mayor　and　Court　of　Aldermen　present　each　their　child　yearly；　but　the　rest　of　the　governors　only　in　their　turns；　which　may　happen　once　in　three　or　four　years。

No　child　is　continued　in　after　fifteen　years　of　age；　except　the　mathematical　scholars；　who　are　sometimes　in　till　they　are　eighteen；　and　who；　at　the　beginning　of　the　seventh　year　of　their　service　as　mariners　are　at　His　Majesty's　disposal；　and　of　these　children　there　is　an　account　printed　yearly；　and　presented　to　the　king　the　1st　of　January；　setting　forth；　（1）　each　boy's　name；　（2）　the　month　and　year　when　they　were　bound　out；　（3）　their　age；　（4）　the　names　of　their　masters；　（5）　the　names　of　the　ships　whereof　they　are　commanders；　（6）　what　country　trade　they　are　in；　（7）　the　month　and　year　when　they　will　be　at　His　Majesty's　disposal。　　Also　an　account　of　the　forty　children　annually　enjoying　the　benefit　of　this　mathematical　foundation；　&c。；　setting　forth　their　names　and　age。

The　governors；　besides　the　Lord　Mayor　and　aldermen；　are　many；　and　commonly　persons　that　have　been　masters　or　wardens　of　their　companies；　or　men　of　estates；　from　whom　there　is　some　expectation　of　additional　charities。　　Out　of　these　one　is　made　president；　who　is　usually　some　ancient　alderman　that　hath　passed　the　chair；　another　is　appointed　treasurer；　to　whom　the　care　of　the　house　and　of　the　revenues　are　committed；　who　is　therefore　usually　resident；　and　has　a　good　house　within　the　limits　of　the　hospital。　　There　are　two　governors　also；　who　are　called　almoners；　whose　business　it　is　to　buy　provisions　for　the　house　and　send　them　in；　who　are　attended　by　the　steward。

The　children　are　dieted　in　the　following　manner：　　They　have　every　morning　for　their　breakfast　bread　and　beer；　at　half　an　hour　past　six　in　the　morning　in　the　summer　time；　and　at　half　an　hour　past　seven　in　the　winter。　　On　Sundays　they　have　boiled　beef　and　broth　for　their　dinners；　and　for　their　suppers　legs　and　shoulders　of　mutton。　　On　Tuesdays　and　Thursdays　they　have　the　same　dinners　as　on　Sundays；　that　is；　boiled　beef　and　broth；　on　the　other　days　no　flesh　meat；　but　on　Mondays　milk…porridge；　on　Wednesdays　furmity；　on　Fridays　old　pease　and　pottage；　on　Saturdays　water…gruel。　　They　have　roast　beef　about　twelve　days　in　the　year　by　the　kindness　of　several　benefactors；　who　have　left；　some　3　pounds；　some　50s。　per　annum；　for　that　end。　　Their　supper　is　bread　and　cheese；　or　butter　for　those　who　cannot　eat　cheese；　only　Wednesdays　and　Fridays　they　heave　pudding…　pies　for　supper。

The　diet　of　these　children　seems　to　be　exceeding　mean　and　sparing；　and　I　have　heard　some　of　their　friends　say　that　it　would　not　be　easy　for　them　to　subsist　upon　it　without　their　assistance。　　However；　it　is　observed　they　are　very　healthful；　that　out　of　eleven　or　twelve　hundred　there　are　scarce　ever　found　twelve　in　the　sick　ward；　and　that　in　one　year；　when　there　were　upwards　of　eleven　hundred　in　this　hospital；　there　were　not　more　than　fifteen　of　them　died。　　Besides；　their　living　in　this　thrifty　parsimonious　manner；　makes　them　better　capable　of　shifting　for　themselves　when　they　come　out　into　the　world。

As　to　the　education　of　these　orphans；　here　is　a　grammar…school；　a　writing…school；　a　mathematical…school；　and　a　drawing…school。

As　to　grammar　and　writing；　they　have　all　of　them　the　benefit　of　these　schools　without　distinction；　but　the　others　are　for　such　lads　as　are　intended　for　the　sea…service。

The　first　mathematical　school　was　founded　by　King　Charles　II。；　anno　domini　1673。　　His　Majesty　gave　7；000　pounds　towards　building　and　furnishing　this　school；　and　settled　a　revenue　of　370　pounds　per　annum　upon　it　for　ever；　and　there　has　been　since　another　mathematical　school　erected　here；　which　is　maintained　out　of　the　revenues　of　the　hospital；　as　is　likewise　the　drawing…school。

This　hospital　is　built　about　a　large　quadrangle；　with　a　cloister　or　piazza　on　the　inside　of　it；　which　is　said　to　be　part　of　the　monastery　of　the　Grey　Friars；　but　most　part　of　the　house　has　been　rebuilt　since　the　Fire；　and　consists　of　a　large　hall；　and　the　several　schools　and　dormitories　for　the　children；　besides　which　there　is　a　fine　house　at　Hertford；　and　another　at　Ware；　twenty　miles　from　London；　whither　the　youngest　orphans　are　usually　sent；　and　taught　to　read；　before　they　are　fixed　at　London。

The　College　of　Physicians　is　situated　on　the　west　side　of　Warwick　Lane。　　It　is　a　beautiful　and　magnificent　edifice；　built　by　the　society　anno　1682；　their　former　college　in　Amen　Corner　having　been　destroyed　by　the　Fire。　　It　is　built　of　brick　and　stone；　having　a　fine　frontispiece；　with　a　handsome　doorcase；　within　which　is　a　lofty　cupola　erected　on　strong　pillars；　on　the　top　whereof　is　a　large　pyramid；　and　on　its　vertex　a　crown　and　gilded　ball。　　Passing　under　the　cupola　we　come　into　a　quadrangular　court；　the　opposite　side　whereof　is　adorned　with　eight　pilasters　below　and　eight　above；　with　their　entablature　and　a　triangular　pediment；　over　the　doorcase　is　the　figure　of　King　Charles　II。　placed　in　a　niche　and　between　the　door　and　the　lower　architrave　the　following　inscription；　viz。：…

VTRIVSQVE　FORTVNAE　EXEMPLAR　INGENS　ADVERSIS　REBVS　DEVM　PROBAVIT　PROSPERIS　SEIPSVM　COLLEGIJ　HVJUSCE；　1682。

The　apartments　within　consist　of　a　hall；　where　advice　is　given　to　the　poor　gratis；　a　committee…room；　a　library；　another　great　hall；　where　the　doctors　meet　once　a　quarter；　which　is　beautifully　wainscoted；　carved；　and　adorned　with　fretwork。　　Here　are　the　pictures　of　Dr。　Harvey；　who　first　discovered　the　circulation　of　the　blood；　and　other　benefactors；　and　northward　from　this；　over　the　library；　is　the　censor's　room。

The　theatre　under　the　cupola　at　the　entrance　is　furnished　with　six　degrees　of　circular　wainscot　seats；　one　above　the　other；　and　in　the　pit　is　a　table　and　three　seats；　one　for　the　president；　a　second　for　the　operator；　and　a　third　for　the　lecturer；　and　here　the　anatomy　lectures　are　performed。　　In　the　preparing　room　are　thirteen　tables　of　the　muscles　in　a　human　body；　each　muscle　in　its　proper　position。

This　society　is　a　body…corporate　for　the　practice　of　physic　within　London；　and　several　miles　about　it。　　The　president　and　censors　are　chosen　annually　at　Michaelmas。　　None　can　practise　physic；　though　they　have　taken　their　degrees；　without　their　license；　within　the　limits　aforesaid；　and　they　have　a　power　to　search　all　apothecaries'　shops；　and　to　destroy　unwholesome　medicines。

By　the　charter　of　King　Charles　II。　this　college　was　to　consist　of　a　president；　four　censors；　ten　elects；　and　twenty…six　fellows；　the　censors　to　be　chosen　out　of　the　fellows；　and　the　president　out　of　the　elects。

By　the　charter　granted　by　King　James　II。；　the　number　of　fellows　was　enlarged；　but　not　to　exceed　eighty；　and　none　but　those　who　had　taken　the　degree　of　doctors　in　the　British　or　foreign　universities　were　qualified　to　be　admitted　members　of　this　college。

The　fellows　meet　four　times　every　year；　viz。；　on　the　Monday　after　every　quarter…day；　and　two　of　them　meet　twice　a　week；　to　give　advice　to　the　poor　gratis。　　Here　are　also　prepared　medicines　for　the　poor　at　moderate　rates。

The　president　and　four　censors　meet　the　first　Friday　in　every　month。　The　Lord　Chancellor；　chief　justices；　and　chief　baron；　are　constituted　visitors　of　this　corporation；　whose　privileges　are　established　by　several　Acts　of　Parliament。

22。