london in 1731-第10节

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n　their　hands；　under　whose　feet　appear　the　figures　of　the　lion　and　unicorn。

You　ascend　to　the　fourth　portico　（the　ground　here　being　low）　by　twenty…five　steps。　　It　is　in　all　other　respects　like　the　north；　and　above　this　a　pediment；　as　the　other；　belonging　to　the　upper　order；　where　is　a　proper　emblem　of　this　incomparable　structure；　raised；　as　it　were；　out　of　the　ruins　of　the　old　church；　viz。；　a　phoenix；　with　her　wings　expanded；　in　flames；　under　which　is　the　word　RESURGAM　insculped　in　capital　characters。

The　west　portico　is　adorned　and　supported　with　twelve　columns　below　and　eight　above；　fluted；　of　the　respective　orders　as　the　two　ranges；　the　twelve　lower　adorned　with　architrave；　marble　frieze；　and　a　cornice；　and　the　eight　upper　with　an　entablature　and　a　spacious　triangular　pediment；　where　the　history　of　St。　Paul's　conversion　is　represented；　with　the　rays　of　a　glory　and　the　figures　of　several　men　and　horses　boldly　carved　in　relievo　by　Mr。　Bird。　　The　doorcase　is　white　marble；　and　over　the　entrance　is　cut　in　relieve　the　history　of　St。　Paul's　preaching　to　the　Bereans　（as　in　Acts　xvii。　2）。　　It　consists　of　a　group　of　nine　figures；　besides　that　of　St。　Paul；　with　books；　&c。；　lively　represented　by　the　same　hand　as　〃The　Conversion。〃

On　the　south　side　of　the　church；　near　the　west　end；　is　a　forum　or　portal；　the　doorcase　being　enriched　with　cartouches；　volutas；　and　fruit；　very　excellently　carved　under　a　pediment；　and　opposite　to　this　on　the　north　side　is　the　like　doorcase。　　And；　in　brief；　all　the　apertures　are　not　only　judiciously　disposed　for　commodiousness；　illumination　of　the　fabric；　&c。；　but　are　very　ornamental。

At　the　west　end　is　an　acroteria　of　the　figures　of　the　twelve　apostles；　each　about　eleven　feet　high；　with　that　of　St。　Paul　on　the　angle　of　the　pediment；　and　those　of　the　four　evangelists；　two　of　each　cumbent　between　as　many　angles　on　a　circular　pediment。　　Over　the　dials　of　the　clock　on　the　fronts　of　the　two　towers；　also　an　entablature　and　circles　of　enrichment；　where　twelve　stones　compose　the　aperture；　answering　to　the　twelve　hours。

The　said　towers　are　adorned　with　circular　ranges　of　columns　of　the　Corinthian　order；　with　domes　upon　the　upper　part；　and　at　the　vertex　of　each　a　curious　pineapple。

The　choir　has　its　roof　supported　with　six　spacious　pillars；　and　the　church　with　six　more；　besides　which　there　are　eight　that　support　the　cupola　and　two　very　spacious　ones　at　the　west　end。　　All　which　pillars　are　adorned　with　pilasters　of　the　Corinthian　and　Composite　orders；　and　also　with　columns　fronting　the　cross…aisle；　or　ambulatory；　between　the　consistory　and　morning　prayer　chapel；　which　have　each　a　very　beautiful　screen　of　curious　wainscot；　and　adorned　each　with　twelve　columns；　their　entablatures　arched　pediments；　and　the　king's　arms；　enriched　with　cherubims；　and　each　pediment　between　four　vases；　all　curiously　carved。　　These　screens　are　fenced　with　ironwork；　as　is　also　the　cornice　at　the　west　end　of　the　church；　and　so　eastward　beyond　the　first　arch。

The　pillars　of　the　church　that　support　the　roof　are　two　ranges；　with　their　entablature　and　beautiful　arches；　whereby　the　body　of　the　church　and　choir　are　divided　into　three　parts　or　aisles。　　The　roof　of　each　is　adorned　with　arches　and　spacious　peripheries　of　enrichments；　as　shields；　leaves；　chaplets；　&c。　（the　spaces　included　being　somewhat　concave）；　admirably　carved　in　stone；　and　there　is　a　large　cross　aisle　between　the　north　and　south　porticoes；　and　two　ambulatories；　the　one　a　little　eastward；　the　other　westward　from　the　said　cross…aisle；　and　running　parallel　therewith。　　The　floor　of　the　whole　is　paved　with　marble；　but　under　the　cupola　and　within　the　rail　of　the　altar　with　fine　porphyry；　polished　and　laid　in　several　geometrical　figures。

The　altar…piece　is　adorned　with　four　noble　fluted　pilasters；　finely　painted　and　veined　with　gold；　in　imitation　of　lapis　lazuli；　with　their　entablature；　where　the　enrichments；　and　also　the　capitals　of　the　pilasters；　are　double　gilt　with　gold。　　These　intercolumns　are　twenty…one　panels　of　figured　crimson　velvet；　and　above　them　six　windows；　viz。；　in　each　intercolumniation　seven　panels　and　two　windows；　one　above　the　other；　at　the　greatest　altitude　above　all　which　is　a　glory　finely　done。　　The　aperture　north　and　south　into　the　choir　are　（ascending　up　three　steps　of　black　marble）　by　two　iron　folding…doors；　being；　as　that　under　the　organ…gallery；　&c。；　exquisitely　wrought　into　divers　figures；　spiral　branches；　and　other　flourishes。　　There　are　two　others　at　the　west　end　of　the　choir；　the　one　opening　into　the　south　aisle；　the　other　in　the　north；　done　by　the　celebrated　artist　in　this　way；　M。　Tijan。

And　what　contributes　to　the　beauty　of　this　choir　are　the　galleries；　the　bishop's　throne；　Lord　Mayor's　seat；　with　the　stalls；　all　which　being　contiguous；　compose　one　vast　body　of　carved　work　of　the　finest　wainscot；　constituting　three　sides　of　a　quadrangle。

The　cupola　（within　the　church）　appears　erected　and　elevated　on　eight　pillars　of　a　large　magnitude；　adorned　with　pilasters；　entablature；　circular　pediments；　and　arches　of　the　Corinthian　order；　and　each　pillar　enriched　with　a　spacious　festoon。　　Here　are　also　as　many　alcoves　fronted　with　curious　ironwork；　and　over　the　arches；　at　a　great　height　from　the　ground；　is　an　entablature；　and　on　the　cornice　an　ambulatory；　fronted　or　fenced　in　with　handsome　ironwork；　extending　round　the　inside　of　the　cupola；　above　which　is　a　range　of　thirty…two　pilasters　of　the　Corinthian　order；　where　every　fourth　intercolumn　is　adorned　with　a　niche　and　some　enrichments；　and　it　said　that　in　every　foot　of　altitude　the　diameter　of　this　decreaseth　one　inch。

On　the　outside　of　the　dome；　about　twenty　feet　above　the　outer　roof　of　the　church；　is　a　range　of　thirty…two　columns；　with　niches　of　the　same　altitude；　and　directly　counter　to　those　aforesaid　within　the　cupola。　　To　these　columns　there　is　entablament；　and　above　that　a　gallery　with　acroteria；　where　are　placed　very　spacious　and　ornamental　vases　all　round　the　cupola。　　At　twelve　feet　above　the　tops　of　these　vases　（which　space　is　adorned　with　pilasters　and　entablament；　and　the　intercolumns　are　windows）　the　diameter　is　taken　in　（as　appears　outwardly）　five　feet；　and　two　feet　higher　it　decreases　five　feet；　and　a　foot　above　that　it　is　still　five　feet　less；　where　the　dome　outwardly　begins　to　arch；　which　arches　meet　about　fifty…two　feet　higher　in　perpendicular　altitude；　on　the　vertex　of　which　dome　is　a　neat　balcony；　and　above　this　a　large　and　beautiful　lantern；　adorned　with　columns　of　the　Corinthian　order；　with　a　ball　and　cross　at　the　top。

Christ's　Hospital　is　situated　between　Newgate　Street　and　St。　Bartholomew's　Hospital　in　Smithfield。　　Here；　as　has　been　observed　already；　was　anciently　a　monastery　of　grey　friars；　founded　about　the　year　1325；　which；　upon　the　dissolution　of　monasteries；　was　surrendered　to　King　Henry　VIII。；　anno　1538；　who；　in　the　last　year　of　his　reign；　transferred　it　to　the　City　of　London　for　the　use　of　the　poor。　　King　Edward　VI。　endowed　this　hospitaltogether　with　those　of　Bridewell　and　St。　Thomas's　Hospital　in　Southwarkwith　large　revenues；　of　which　the　City　were　made　trustees；　and　incorporated　by　the　name　of　the　mayor；　commonalty；　and　citizens　of　the　City　of　London；　governors　of　the　possessions；　revenues；　and　goods　of　the　hospitals　of　Christ；　Bridewell；　and　St。　Thomas　the　Apostle；　to　whom　the　king　granted　3；266　pounds　13s。　4d。　per　annum。

It　was　opened　in　the　year　1552；　in　the　month　of　November；　and　a　good　writing…school　was　added　to　this　foundation　in　the　year　1694　by　Sir　John　More；　Kt。；　and　alderman。

The　children　admitted　into　this　hospital　are　presented　every　year　by　the　Lord　Mayor　and　aldermen　and　the　other　governors　in　their　turns；　a　list　of　whom　is　printed　yearly　and　set　up　at　the　counting…house；　and　a　letter　is　sent　to　each　of　the　said　governors；　some　days　before　the　admission；　reminding　him　of　the　day　of　choosing；　and　how　those　he　presents　should　be　qualified；　wherein　is　enclosed　a　blank　certificate　from　the　minister　and　churchwardens；　a　blank　petition　to　the　president　and　governors；　and　a　paper　of　the　rules　and　qualifications　of　the　child　to　be　presented。　　Upon　this　the　governor；　having　made　choice　of　a　child　to　present；　the　friends　of　the　said　child　come　to　the　counting…house　on　the　admission…day；　bringing　the　said　petition　and　certificates；　rules；　and　letter　along　with　him；　and　on　the　back　side　of　the　said　petition　the　governor　who　presents　endorseth　words　to　this　effect。

〃I　present　the　child　mentioned　in　the　certificate　on　the　other　side；　and　believe　the　same　to　be　a　true　certificate。

〃Witness　my　hand　。　。　。　the　day　。　。　。　of　17。〃　　Which　the　said　governor　signeth；　and　the　child　is　admitted。

The　said　rules　and　qualifications　are　as　follows：

1。　　That　no　child　be　taken　in　but　such　as　are　the　children　of　freemen　of　London。

2。　　That　none　be　taken　in　under　seven　years　old。

3。　　That　none　be　taken　in　but　orphans；　wanting　either　father　or　mother；　or　both。

4。　　That　no　foundlings；　or　that　are　maintained　at　the　parish　charge；　be　taken　in。

5。　　That　none　who　are　lame；　crooked；　or　deformed；　or　that　have　the　evil；　rupture；　or　any　infectious　disease；　be　taken　in。

6。　　That　none　be　admitted　but　such　as　are　without　any　probable　means　of　being　provided　for　other