russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及24准
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
Communists went to work to prepare a retort of a different kind。 They
arranged a house for the Berne delegates to live in�察�but at the same time
they prepared to emphasize the difference between the two Internationals
by the calling of an anti´Berne conference which should disclaim all
connection with that old International which they considered had gone into
political bankruptcy at the outbreak of the European war。
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THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
ON THE RIVAL PARTIES
February 26th。
In the afternoon I got to the Executive Committee in time to hear the
end of a report by Rykov on the economic position。 He said there was
hope for a satisfactory conclusion to the negotiations for the building of
the Obi´Kotlas railway�察�and hoped that this would soon be followed by
similar negotiations and by other concessions。 He explained that they did
not want capitalism in Russia but that they did want the things that capital
could give them in exchange for what they could give capital。 This was�察�
of course�察�referring to the opposition criticism that the Soviet was prepared
to sell Russia into the hands of the ;Anglo´American Imperialistic
bandits。; Rykov said that the main condition of all concessions would be
that they should not effect the international structure of the Soviet
Republic and should not lead to the exploitation of the workmen。 They
wanted railways�察 �locomotives�察 �and machines�察 �and their country was rich
enough to pay for these things out of its natural resources without sensible
loss to the state or the yielding of an inch in their programme of internal
reconstruction。
He was followed by Krestinsky�察 �who pointed out that whereas the
commissariats were�察�in a sense�察�altered forms of the old ministries�察�links
with the past�察 �the Council of Public Economy�察 �organizing the whole
production and distribution of the country�察�building the new socialist state�察�
was an entirely new organ and a link�察�not with the past�察�but with the future。
The two next speeches illustrated one of the main difficulties of the
revolution。 Krasin ��see p。 153�� criticized the council for insufficient
confidence in the security of the revolution。 He said they were still
hampered by fears lest here or there capitalism should creep in again。
They were unnecessarily afraid to make the fullest possible use of
specialists of all kinds who had taken a leading part in industry under the
old regime and who�察 �now that the old regime�察 �the old system�察 �had been
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definitely broken�察 �could be made to serve the new。 He believed that
unless the utmost use was made of the resources of the country in
technical knowledge�察�etc。�察�they could not hope to organize the maximum
productivity which alone could save them from catastrophe。
The speaker who followed him�察 �Glebov�察 �defended precisely the
opposite point of view and represented the same attitude with regard to the
reorganization of industry as is held by many who object to Trotsky's use
of officers of the old army in the reorganization of the new�察�believing that
all who worked in high places under the old regime must be and remain
enemies of the revolution�察�so that their employment is a definite source of
danger。 Glebov is a trade union representative�察 �and his speech was a
clear indication of the non´political undercurrent towards the left which
may shake the Bolshevik position and will most certainly come into
violent conflict with any definitely bourgeois government that may be
brought in by counter´revolution。
In the resolution on the economic position which was finally passed
unanimously�察�one point reads as follows�此 �It is necessary to strive for just
economic relations with other countries in the form of state regulated
exchange of goods and the bringing of the productive forces of other
countries to the working out of the untouched natural resources of Soviet
Russia。; It is interesting to notice the curiously mixed character of the
opposition。 Some call for ;a real socialism�察─ �which shall make no
concessions whatsoever to foreign capital�察�others for the cessation of civil
war and peace with the little governments which have obtained Allied
support。 In a single number of the Printers' Gazette�察�for example�察�there was
a threat to appeal against the Bolsheviks to the delegation from Berne and
an attack on Chicherin for being ready to make terms with the Entente。
The next business on the programme was the attitude to be adopted
towards the repentant Social Revolutionaries of the Right。 Kamenev
made the best speech I have ever heard from him�察�for once in a way not
letting himself be drawn into agitational digressions�察 �but going point by
point through what he had to say and saying it economically。 The S。R。's
had had three watchwords�此 �War and alliance with the Allies�察─ �Coalition
with the bourgeoisie�察─�and ;The Constituent Assembly。; For over a year
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they had waged open war with the Soviet Government over these three
points。 They had been defeated in the field。 But they had suffered a far
more serious moral defeat in having to confess that their very watchwords
had been unsound。 ;War and Alliance with the Allies; had shown itself
to mean the occupation of Russian territory by foreign troops in no way
concerned to save the revolution�察 �but ready�察 �as they had shown�察 �to help
every force that was working for its suppression。 ;Coalition with the
Bourgeoisie; had shown itself to be a path the natural ending to which was
the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie through military force。 ;The
Constituent Assembly; had been proved to be no more than a useful mask
behind which the enemies of the revolution could prepare their forces and
trick the masses to their own undoing。
He read the declaration of the Right Social Revolutionaries�察�
admitting that the Soviet Government was the only force working against
a dictatorship of the bourgeoisie�察 �and calling upon their troops to
overthrow the usurping governments in Siberia�察 �and elsewhere。 This
repentance�察�however�察�had come rather late and there were those who did
not share it。 He said finally that the Executive Committee must
remember that it was not a party considering its relations with another
party�察�but an organ of government considering the attitude of the country
towards a party which in the most serious moment of Russian history had
admittedly made grave mistakes and helped Russia's enemies。 Now�察 �in
this difficult moment�察 �every one who was sincerely ready to help the
working masses of Russia in their struggle had the right to be given a
place in the ranks of the fighters。 The Social Revolutionaries should be
allowed to prove in deeds the sincerity of their recantation。 The
resolution which was passed recapitulated the recantations�察�mentioned by
name the members of the party with whom discussions had been carried
on�察 �withdrew the decision of June 14th ��excluding the S。R。's from the
Executive Committee on the ground of their counter´revolutionary
tendencies�� with regard to all groups of the party which held themselves
bound by the recently published declarations�察�gave them the right equally
with other parties to share in the work of the Soviets�察 �and notified the
administrative and judicial organs of the Republic to free the arrested
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S。R。's who shared the point of view expressed in the recantations。 The
resolution was passed without enthusiasm but without opposition。