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wicked。      For over and above all political�察�economic�察�social wrongs�察�there 

were   wrongs   personal�察  �human�察  �dramatic�察  �which   stirred   not   merely   the 

springs of covetousness or envy�察�or even of a just demand for the freedom 

of labour and enterprise�此        �but the very deepest springs of rage�察�contempt�察�

and hate�察�wrongs which caused�察�as I believe�察�the horrors of the Revolution。 

     It is notorious how many of the men most deeply implicated in those 

horrors were of the artist classby which I signify not merely painters and 

sculptorsas the word artist has now got�察�somewhat strangely�察�to signify�察�



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at least in Englandbut what the French meant by ARTISTESproducers 

of luxuries and amusements�察�play´ actors�察�musicians�察�and suchlike�察�down 

to   that   ;distracted   peruke´   maker   with   two   fiery   torches�察─  �who�察  �at   the 

storm of the Bastile�察 �was for burning the saltpetres of the Arsenal�察�had not 

a woman run screaming�察�had not a patriot�察�with some tincture of natural 

philosophy�察�instantly struck the wind out of him�察�with butt of musket on 

pit of stomach�察�overturned the barrels�察�and stayed the devouring element。; 

The   distracted   peruke´maker   may   have   had   his   wrongsperhaps   such   a 

one as that of poor Triboulet the fool�察�in ;Le Roi s'amuse;and his own 

sound reasons for blowing down the Bastile�察�and the system which kept it 

up。 

     For    these   very    ministers    of   luxurythen     miscalled     artfrom    the 

periwig´maker to the play´actorwho like them had seen the frivolity�察�the 

baseness�察�the profligacy�察�of the rulers to whose vices they pandered�察�whom 

they despised while they adored�             �Figaro himself may have looked up to 

his master the Marquis as a superior being as long as the law enabled the 

Marquis to send him to the Bastile by a lettre de cachet�察�yet Figaro may 

have known and seen enough to excuse him�察�when lettres de cachet were 

abolished�察  �for   handing   the   Marquis   over   to   a   Comite   de   Salut   Public。 

Disappointed   play´actors�察  �like   Collet   d'Herbois�察  �disappointed   poets�察  �like 

Fabre d'Olivet�察�were�察�they say�察�especially ferocious。              Why not�拭�Ingenious�察�

sensitive  spirits�察 �used   as   lap´dogs   and   singing´birds   by   men   and   women 

whom  they   felt   to   be   their   own   flesh   and   blood�察  �they   had�察  �it   may   be�察  �a 

juster appreciation of the actual worth of their patrons than had our own 

Pitt   and   Burke。    They  had   played   the   valet�此�and   no   man   was   a   hero   to 

them。     They had seen the nobleman expose himself before his own helots�此�

they    would     try  if  the  helot  was    not  as  good    as  the   nobleman。      The 

nobleman   had played   the   mountebank�此  �why  should   not the   mountebank�察�

for   once�察  �play   the   nobleman�拭     �The   nobleman's   God   had   been   his   five 

senses�察�with ��to use Mr。 Carlyle's phrase�� the sixth sense of vanity�此                  �why 

should not the mountebank worship the same God�察�like Carriere at Nantes�察�

and see what grace and gifts he too might obtain at that altar�拭�

     But   why   so   cruel�拭   �Because�察  �with   many   of   these   men�察  �I   more   than 

suspect�察�there were wrongs to be avenged deeper than any wrongs done to 



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the   sixth   sense   of  vanity。    Wrongs      common      to  them�察   �and   to  a  great 

portion of the respectable middle class�察�and much of the lower class�此                  �but 

wrongs to   which they  and   their   families�察�being   most   in   contact   with the 

noblesse�察�would be especially exposed�察�namely�察�wrongs to women。 

     Everyone   who   knows   the   literature   of   that   time�察  �must   know   what   I 

mean�此     �what had gone on for more than a century�察�it may be more than 

two�察   �in  France�察   �in  Italy�察 �andI   am   sorry   to  have   to  say   itGermany 

likewise。     All historians know what I mean�察�and how enormous was the 

evil。    I only wonder that they have so much overlooked that item in the 

causes of the Revolution。          It seems to me to have been more patent and 

potent in the sight of men�察�as it surely was in the sight of Almighty God�察�

than   all   the   political   and   economic   wrongs   put   together。     They   might 

have issued in a change of dynasty or of laws。 That�察�issued in the blood of 

the offenders。      Not a girl was enticed into Louis XV。's Petit Trianon�察�or 

other    den   of  aristocratic   iniquity�察  �but   left  behind   her�察 �parents    nursing 

shame and sullen indignation�察�even while they fingered the ill´gotten price 

of   their   daughter's   honour�察  �and   left   behind   also�察  �perhaps�察  �some   unhappy 

boy     of  her   own    class�察  �in  whom      disappointment      and    jealousy    were 

transformedand who will blame him��into righteous indignation�察�and a 

very sword of God�察�all the more indignant�察�and all the more righteous�察�if 

education helped him to see�察�that the maiden's acquiescence�察�her pride in 

her own shame�察�was the ugliest feature in the whole crime�察�and the most 

potent reason for putting an end�察�however fearful�察�to a state of things in 

which such a fate was thought an honour and a gain�察�and not a disgrace 

and   a   ruin�察  �in   which   the   most   gifted   daughters   of   the   lower   classes   had 

learnt to think it more noble to becomethat which they becamethan the 

wives of honest men。 

     If you will read fairly the literature of the Ancien Regime�察�whether in 

France   or   elsewhere�察  �you   will   see   that   my   facts   are   true。 If   you   have 

human hearts in you�察�you will see in them�察�it seems to me�察�an explanation 

of many a guillotinade and fusillade�察�as yet explained only on the ground 

of madnessan hypothesis which ��as we do not yet in the least understand 

what madness is�� is no explanation at all。 

     An age of decay�察�incoherence�察�and makeshift�察�varnish and gilding upon 



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worm´eaten   furniture�察  �and   mouldering   wainscot�察  �was   that   same   Ancien 

Regime。       And for that very reason a picturesque age�察�like one of its own 

landscapes。       A picturesque bit of uncultivated mountain�察�swarming with 

the prince's game�察�a picturesque old robber schloss above�察�now in ruins�察�

and below�察�perhaps�察�the picturesque new schloss�察�with its French fountains 

and gardens�察�French nymphs of marble�察�and of flesh and blood likewise�察�

which   the   prince   has   partially  paid   for�察  �by  selling   a   few   hundred   young 

men to the English to fight the Yankees。               The river�察�too�察�is picturesque�察�

for the old bridge has not been repaired since it was blown up in the Seven 

Years' War�察�and there is but a single lazy barge floating down the stream�察�

owing      to  the  tolls  and    tariffs  of  his  Serene    Highness�察     �the  village   is 

picturesque�察�for the flower of the young men are at the wars�察�and the place 

is   tumbling   down�察  �and   the   two   old   peasants   in   the   foreground�察  �with   the 

single goat and the hamper of vine´ twigs�察�are very picturesque likewise�察�

for they are all in rags。 

     How   sad   to   see   the   picturesque   element   eliminated�察  �and   the   quiet 

artistic   beauty   of   the   scene   destroyed��to   have   steamers   puffing   up   and 

down the river�察�and a railroad hurrying along its banks the wealth of the 

Old World�察�in exchange for the wealth of the Newor hurrying�察�it may be�察�

whole   regiments   of   free   and   educated   citizen´   soldiers�察  �who   fight�察  �they 

know for what。         How sad to see the alto schloss desecrated by tourists�察�

and the neue schloss converted into a cold´water cure。                   How sad to see 

the village�察�church and all�察�built up again brand´new�察�and whitewashed to 

the very steeple´top�察�a new school at the town´enda new crucifix by the 

wayside。      How   sad   to   see   the   old   folk   well   clothed   in   the   fabrics   of 

England   or   Belgium�察  �doing   an   easy   trade   in   milk   and   fruit�察  �because   the 

land they till has become their own�察�and not the prince's�察�while their sons 

are thriving farmers on the prairies of the far West。               Very unpicturesque�察�

no doubt�察�is wealth and progress�察�peace and safety�察�cleanliness and comfort。 

But they possess advantages unknown to the Ancien Regime�察�which was�察�

if nothing   else�察�picturesque。        Men   could paint   amusing   and   often   pretty 

pictures of its people and its places。 

     Consider that word�察 �picturesque。;             It�察�and the notion of

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