湊徨勵弌傍利 > 哂囂窮徨慕 > theologico-political treatise p4(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢4) >

及13准

theologico-political treatise p4(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢4)-及13准


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��






                                                39 


´ Page 40´

                                 A Theologico´Political Treatise 



respect to God but only to persons。 ��19�� It is certain that the high priests 

were   never   so   cautious   in   their   conduct   as   to   escape   the   remark   of   the 

more shrewd among the people�察�for the latter were at length emboldened 

to assert that no laws ought to be kept save those that were written�察�and 

that the decrees which the Pharisees ��consisting�察�as Josephus says in his ; 

Amtiquities�察─�chiefly�察�of the common people���察�were deceived into calling 

the traditions of the fathers�察�should not be observed at all。 ��20�� However 

this may  be�察 �we  can in  nowise   doubt   that   flattery of   the  high priest�察 �the 

corruption   of   religion   and   the   laws�察  �and   the   enormous   increase   of   the 

extent     of  the   last´named�察    �gave    very    great   and   frequent     occasion    for 

disputes   and   altercations   impossible   to   allay。   ��21��   When   men   begin   to 

quarrel with all the ardour of superstition�察�and the magistracy to back up 

one side or the other�察�they can never come to a compromise�察�but are bound 

to split into sects。 

     ��18��22��   II。   It   is   worthy   of   remark   that   the   prophets�察  �who   were   in   a 

private   station   of   life�察  �rather   irritated   than   reformed   mankind   by   their 

freedom   of   warning�察  �rebuke�察  �and   censure�察  �whereas   the   kings�察  �by   their 

reproofs     and    punishments�察     �could    always     produce     an  effect。   ��23��   The 

prophets   were   often   intolerable   even   to   pious   kings�察  �on   account   of   the 

authority they assumed for judging whether an action was right or wrong�察�

or for reproving the kings themselves if they dared to transact any business�察�

whether public or private�察�without prophetic sanction。 ��24�� King Asa who�察�

according to the testimony of Scripture�察�reigned piously�察�put the prophet 

Hanani   into   a prison´house  because he   had   ventured   freely  to   chide  and 

reprove him for entering into a covenant with the king of Armenia。 

     ��18��25�� Other examples might be cited�察�tending to prove that religion 

gained more harm than good by such freedom�察�not to speak of the further 

consequence�察�that if the prophets had retained their rights�察�great civil wars 

would have resulted。 

     ��26�� III。 It is remarkable that during all the period�察�during which the 

people held the reins of power�察�there was only one civil war�察�and that one 

was     completely     extinguished�察     �the   conquerors     taking    such    pity  on   the 

conquered�察�that they endeavoured in every way to reinstate them in their 

former dignity and power。 ��27�� But after that the people�察�little accustomed 



                                              40 


´ Page 41´

                                 A Theologico´Political Treatise 



to kings�察�changed its first form of government into a monarchy�察�civil war 

raged   almost   continuously�察  �and   battles   were   so   fierce   as   to   exceed   all 

others recorded�察�in one engagement   ��taxing our   faith to   the utmost��   five 

hundred thousand Israelites were slaughtered by the men of Judah�察�and in 

another the Israelites slew great numbers of the men of Judah ��the figures 

are    not   given   in  Scripture���察    �almost    razed    to  the  ground     the   walls   of 

Jerusalem�察�and sacked the Temple in their unbridled fury。 ��28�� At length�察�

laden   with   the   spoils   of   their   brethren�察  �satiated   with   blood�察  �they   took 

hostages�察�and leaving the king in his well´nigh devastated kingdom�察�laid 

down   their   arms�察  �relying   on   the   weakness   rather   than   the   good   faith   of 

their foes。 ��29�� A few years after�察�the men of Judah�察�with recruited strength�察�

again took the field�察�but were a second time beaten by the Israelites�察�and 

slain    to  the   number     of  a  hundred     and    twenty   thousand�察     �two   hundred 

thousand of their wives and children were led into captivity�察�and a great 

booty again seized。 ��30�� Worn out with these and similar battles set forth 

at length in their histories�察�the Jews at length fell a prey to their enemies。 

     ��18��31��   Furthermore�察  �if   we   reckon   up   the   times   during   which   peace 

prevailed      under     each    form    of   government�察       �we    shall   find    a  great 

discrepancy。 ��32�� Before the monarchy forty years and more often passed�察�

and   once   eighty  years   ��an   almost   unparalleled   period���察  �without   any  war�察�

foreign     or   civil。  ��33��   After    the   kings   acquired     sovereign     power�察    �the 

fighting was no longer for peace and liberty�察�but for glory�察�accordingly we 

find    that  they    all�察 �with   the  exception     of   Solomon      ��whose     virtue   and 

wisdom would be better displayed in peace than in war�� waged war�察�and 

finally a fatal desire for power gained ground�察�which�察�in many cases�察�made 

the path to the throne a bloody one。 

     ��18��34��     Lastly�察  �the   laws�察  �during    the   rule   of  the   people�察   �remained 

uncorrupted       and   were    studiously     observed。     ��35��   Before    the   monarchy 

there    were    very�察  �few    prophets    to   admonish      the  people�察   �but   after   the 

establishment of kings there were a great number at the same time。 ��36�� 

Obadiah saved a hundred from death and hid them away�察�lest they should 

be slain with the rest。 ��37�� The people�察�so far as we can see�察�were never 

deceived by false prophets till after the power had been vested in kings�察�

whose creatures many of the prophets were。 ��38�� Again�察�the people�察�whose 



                                               41 


´ Page 42´

                                 A Theologico´Political Treatise 



heart was generally proud or humble according to its circumstances�察�easily 

corrected it´self under misfortune�察�turned again to God�察�restored His laws�察�

and so freed itself from all peril�察�but the kings�察�whose hearts were always 

equally   puffed   up�察  �and   who   could   not   be   corrected   without   humiliation�察�

clung pertinaciously to their vices�察�even till the last overthrow of the city。 

     ��18��2�А。�39�� We may now clearly see from what I have said�此� 

     ��40��    I。  How    hurtful    to  religion   and   the   state  is  the   concession     to 

ministers   of   religion   of   any   power   of   issuing   decrees   or   transacting   the 

business     of   government�此      �how�察  �on   the   contrary�察   �far  greater    stability   is 

afforded�察     �if  the  said   ministers     are   only   allowed     to   give   answers     to 

questions   duly   put   to   them�察  �and   are�察  �as   a   rule�察  �obliged   to   preach   and 

practise the received and accepted doctrines。 

     ��18��41�� II How dangerous it is to refer to Divine right matters merely 

speculative   and      subject    or  liable   to  dispute。    ��42��   The   most    tyrannical 

governments are those which make crimes of opinions�察�for everyone has 

an inalienable right over his thoughts ´ nay�察�such a state of things leads to 

the rule of popular passion。 

     ��18��43�� Pontius Pilate made concession to the passion of the Pharisees 

in consenting to the crucifixion of Christ�察�whom he knew to be innocent。 

��44�� Again�察�the Pharisees�察�in order to shake the position of men richer than 

themselves�察  �began   to   set   on   foot   questions   of   religion�察  �and   accused   the 

Sadducees of impiety�察�and�察�following their example�察�the vilest ´ hypocrites�察�

stirred�察�as they pretended�察�by the same holy wrath which they called zeal 

for    the    Lord�察    �persecuted      men     whose      unblemished        character     and 

distinguished   virtue   had   excited   the   popular   hatred�察  �publicly   denounced 

their opinions�察�and inflamed the fierce passions of the people against them。 

     ��18��45�� This wanton licence being cloaked with the specious garb of 

religion     could   not   easily   be   repressed�察    �especially    when     the  sovereign 

authorities introduced a sect of which they�察�were not the head�察�they were 

then regarded not as interpreters of Divine right�察�but as sectarians ´ that is�察�

as persons recognizing the right of Divine interpretation assumed by the 

leaders of the sect。 ��46�� The authority of the magistrates thus became of 

little account in such matters in comparison with the authority of sectarian 

leaders before whose interpretations kings were obliged to bow。 



                                               42 


´ Page 43´

                                 A Theologico´Political Treatise 



     ��18��47�� To   avoid   such   evils   in   a state�察 �there  is   no   safer  way�察 �than   to 

make piety and religion to consist in acts only ´ that is�察�in the practice of 

justice and charity�察�leaving everyone's judgment in other re

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議