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glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽)-及6准

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bestowed�察  �for   the   last   century�察  �upon   these    once   unnoticed   atomies   has 

well repaid itself�察�for from no branch            of physical science has more been 

learnt of the SCIENTIA            SCIENTIARUM�察�the priceless art of learning�察�

no branch of science         has more utterly confounded a wisdom of the wise�察�

shattered   to    pieces   systems   and   theories�察  �and   the   idolatry   of   arbitrary 

names�察     �and   taught   man   to   be   silent   while   his   Maker   speaks�察  �than   this 

apparent      pedantry    of   zoophytology�察     �in   which    our   old   distinctions    of 

;animal�察─      �vegetable�察─     �and   ;mineral;      are   trembling     in   the   balance�察�

seemingly ready to vanish like their fellows ´ ;the four elements;                   of fire�察�

earth�察  �air�察  �and   water。   No   branch   of   science   has   helped   so      much   to 

sweep   away   that   sensuous   idolatry  of   mere   size�察  �which       tempts   man   to 

admire and respect objects in proportion to the                number of feet or inches 

which they occupy in space。            No branch of        science�察�moreover�察�has been 

more   humbling   to   the   boasted   rapidity      and   omnipotence   of   the   human 

reason�察  �or   has   more   taught   those   who     have   eyes   to   see�察  �and   hearts   to 

understand�察�how weak and wayward�察                 �staggering and slow�察�are the steps 

of   our   fallen   race   ��rapid   and  triumphant   enough   in   that   broad   road   of 

theories   which   leads   to    intellectual   destruction��   whensoever   they   tread 

the   narrow   path   of    true   science�察  �which   leads   ��if   I   may   be   allowed   to 



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transfer   our     Lord's   great   parable   from   moral   to   intellectual   matters��   to 

Life�察    �to the living and permanent knowledge of living things and of the 

laws of their existence。         Humbling�察�truly�察�to one who looks back to                 the 

summer   of   1754�察  �when   good   Mr。   Ellis�察  �the   wise   and   benevolent         West 

Indian   merchant�察  �read   before   the   Royal   Society   his   paper        proving   the 

animal nature of corals�察�and followed it up the year                  after by that ;Essay 

toward      a  Natural     History    of  the   Corallines�察     �and    other   like   Marine 

Productions of the  British   Coasts�察─�which              forms   the  groundwork of   all 

our    knowledge       on   the   subject   to   this   day。     The    chapter    in   Dr。  G。 

Johnston's ;British Zoophytes�察─�p。 407�察              �or the excellent little RESUME 

thereof   in    Dr。  Landsborough's   book          on   the   same    subject�察  �is   really   a 

saddening   one�察  �as   one   sees   how       loth   were�察  �not   merely   dreamers   like�察�

Marsigli or Bonnet�察�but sound´ headed men like Pallas and Linne�察�to give 

up   the   old   sense´bound       fancy�察  �that   these   corals   were   vegetables�察  �and 

their    polypes    some      sort   of  living    flowers。    Yet�察   �after  all�察 �there   are 

excuses   for     them。      Without   our   improved   microscopes�察  �and   while   the 

sciences   of     comparative   anatomy   and   chemistry   were   yet   infantile�察  �it 

was     difficult to believe what was the truth�察�and for this simple                  reason�此�

that�察�as usual�察�the truth�察�when discovered�察�turned out far                   more startling 

and prodigious than the dreams which men had hastily                     substituted for it�察�

more strange than Ovid's old story that the               coral was soft under the sea�察�

and hardened by exposure to air�察�than                Marsigli's notion�察�that the coral´ 

polypes   were   its   flowers�察  �than      Dr。   Parsons'   contemptuous   denial�察  �that 

these complicated forms           could be ;the operations of little�察�poor�察�helpless�察�

jelly´like     animals�察�and not the work of more sure vegetation�察─�than Baker 

the     microscopist's       detailed    theory    of   their   being    produced      by   the 

crystallization of the mineral salts in the sea´water�察�just as he                   had seen 

;the particles of mercury and copper in aquafortis assume                   tree´like forms�察�

or curious delineations of mosses and minute                 shrubs on slates and stones�察�

owing to the shooting of salts            intermixed with mineral particles�此─ � one 

smiles at it now�此       �yet    these men were no less sensible than we�察�and if 

we   know   better�察  �it    is   only   because   other   men�察  �and   those   few   and   far 

between�察�have        laboured amid disbelief�察�ridicule�察�and error�察�needing again 

and     again   to   retrace   their   steps�察  �and   to   unlearn   more   than   they   learnt�察�



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seeming to go backwards when they were really progressing most�此                         �and 

now we have entered into their labours�察�and find them�察�as I                 have just said�察�

more   wondrous   than   all   the   poetic   dreams   of   a     Bonnet   or   a   Darwin。 

For who�察�after all�察�to take a few broad              instances ��not to enlarge on the 

great   root´wonder   of   a   number   of      distinct   individuals   connected   by   a 

common life�察 �and   forming   a         seeming plant invariable   in   each   species���察�

would   have   dreamed   of        the   ;bizarreries;   which   these   very   zoophytes 

present in their      classification�拭�

     You   go   down   to   any   shore   after   a   gale   of   wind�察  �and   pick   up   a   few 

delicate   little   sea´ferns。    You   have   two   in   your   hand�察  �which    probably 

look to you�察�even under a good pocket magnifier�察�identical                    or nearly so。 

��1��    But you are told to your surprise�察�that however               like the dead horny 

polypidoms   which   you   hold   may   be�察  �the   two       species   of   animal   which 

have formed them are at least as far apart               in the scale of creation as a 

quadruped is from a fish。          You see in      some Musselburgh dredger's boat 

the   phosphorescent   sea´pen   ��unknown           in   England���察  �a   living   feather�察  �of 

the look and consistency of a           cock's comb�察�or the still stranger sea´rush 

��VIRGULARIA   MIRABILIS���察                 �a   spine   a   foot   long�察  �with   hundreds   of 

rosy flowerets arranged in          half´rings round it from end to end�察�and you 

are told that these      are the congeners of the great stony Venus's fan which 

hangs in      seamen's cottages�察�brought home from the West Indies。                     And 

ere you      have done wondering�察�you hear   that all three are congeners of 

the    ugly�察  �shapeless�察  �white   ;dead   man's   hand�察─  �which   you   may   pick   up 

after a storm on any shore。           You have a beautiful madrepore or               brain´ 

stone on your mantel´piece�察�brought home from some Pacific                       coral´reef。 

You are to believe that its first cousins are the             soft�察�slimy sea´anemones 

which you see expanding their living              flowers in every rock´pool ´ bags 

of sea´water�察�without a trace of          bone or stone。       You must believe it�察�for 

in science�察�as in higher        matters�察�he who will walk surely�察�must ;walk by 

faith and not by       sight。; 

     These     are   but  a   few   of   the  wonders     which     the   classification    of 

marine animals affords�察�and only drawn from one class of them�察                      �though 

almost   as   common   among   every   other   family   of   that   submarine         world 

whereof Spenser sang ´ 



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                                Glaucus/or The Wonders of the Shore 



       ;Oh�察   �what    an   endless    work    have    I  in  hand�察   �To   count    the   sea's 

abundant progeny� �Whose fruitful seed far passeth those in land�察�And also 

those which won in th' azure sky�察�For much more earth to tell the stars on 

high�察  �Albe   they   endless   seem   in   estimation�察  �Than   to   recount   the   sea's 

posterity�察  �So   fertile   be   the   flouds   in   generation�察  �So   huge   their   numbers�察�

and so numberless their nation。; 

       But   these   few   examples   will   be   sufficient   to   account   both   for   the 

slow   pace   at   which   the   knowledge   of   sea´animals   has   progressed�察  �and 

for the allurement which men of the highest attainments have found�察                       �and 

still find�察�in it。    And when to this we add the marvels which                    meet us at

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