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glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽)-及33准

弌傍�� glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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rapid succession to the         surface all over the vessel�察�and this process goes 

on    uninterruptedly as long as the rays of the sun are uninterrupted。 

     ;Now   these   globules   consist   of   PURE   OXYGEN�察  �given   out   by   the 

plants     under the stimulus of light�察�and to this oxygen the animals in the 

tank owe their life。        The difference between the profusion of                oxygen´ 

bubbles   produced   on   a   sunny   day�察  �and   the   paucity   of   those   seen   on   a 

dark   cloudy   day�察  �or   in   a   northern   aspect�察  �is   very marked。;       Choose�察�

therefore�察�a south or east window�察�but draw down                   the blind�察�or throw a 

handkerchief       over   all  if  the  heat   become     fierce。     The    water    should 

always   feel   cold   to   your   hand�察  �let   the temperature   outside   be   what   it 

may。 

     Next�察  �you   must   make   up   for   evaporation   by   FRESH   water   ��a   very 

little will suffice���察�as often as in summer you find the water in                your vase 

sink below its original level�察�and prevent the water from                 getting too salt。 

For the salts�察�remember�察�do not evaporate with                the water�察�and if you left 

the vase in the sun for a few weeks�察�it           would become a mere brine´pan。 

     But how will you move your treasures up to town�拭�

     The   simplest   plan   which   I   have   found   successful   is   an   earthen   jar。 

You   may  buy  them  with   a   cover   which   screws on   with   two   iron   clasps。 

If you do not find such�察�a piece of oilskin tied over the mouth is                 enough。 

But do not fill the jar full of water�察�leave about a             quarter of the contents 

in empty air�察�which the water may absorb�察             �and so keep itself fresh。        And 

any pieces of stone�察�or oysters�察        �which you send up�察�hang by a string from 

the   mouth�察  �that   they   may    not   hurt   tender   animals   by   rolling   about   the 

bottom。      With these      simple precautions�察�anything which you are likely 

to find will well      endure forty´eight hours of travel。 



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     What if the water fails�察�after all�拭�

     Then Mr。 Gosse's artificial sea´water will form a   perfect                substitute。 

You may buy the requisite salts ��for there are more                  salts than ;salt;   in 

sea´water��      from    any   chemist    to  whom      Mr。   Gosse     has   entrusted    his 

discovery�察�and�察�according to his directions�察�make               sea´water for yourself 

     One more hint before we part。            If�察�after all�察�you are not going        down 

to   the   sea´side   this   year�察 �and   have    no   opportunities     of   testing    ;the 

wonders of the shore�察─�you may still study Natural                 History in your own 

drawing´room�察�by looking a little into ;the             wonders of the pond。; 

     I   am   not   jesting�察  �a   fresh´water   aquarium�察  �though   by   no   means      as 

beautiful as a salt´water one�察�is even more easily established。                   A    glass 

jar�察  �floored   with   two   or   three   inches   of   pond´mud   ��which      should   be 

covered with fine gravel to prevent the mud washing up���察                   �a specimen of 

each of two water´plants which you may buy now at any                       good shop in 

Covent Garden�察�Vallisneria spiralis ��which is said to                give to the Canvas´ 

backed duck of America its peculiar richness of                flavour���察�and Anacharis 

alsinastrum�察  �that   magical   weed   which�察       �lately   introduced   from   Canada 

among timber�察�has multiplied�察�self´ sown�察�to so prodigious an extent�察�that 

it   bid   fair�察  �a   few   years since�察  �to   choke   the   navigation   not   only   of   our 

canals   and   fen´   rivers�察  �but   of   the   Thames   itself�此。�34��   or�察  �in   default   of 

these�察    �some      of  the   more    delicate   pond´weeds�察      �such    as  Callitriche�察�

Potamogeton   pusillum�察  �and�察  �best   of   all�察  �perhaps�察  �the   beautiful       Water´ 

Milfoil     ��Myriophyllium���察      �whose     comb´like     leaves    are  the   haunts     of 

numberless rare and curious animalcules�此� these ��in                themselves�察�from the 

transparency       of  their  circulation�察   �interesting    microscopic       objects��   for 

oxygen´breeding vegetables�察�and for              animals�察�the pickings of any pond�察�

a minnow or two�察�an eft�察�a few             of the delicate pond´snails ��unless they 

devour       your     plants    too      rapidly���此       �water´beetles�察      �of    activity 

inconceivable�察  �and   that      wondrous   bug   the   Notonecta�察  �who   lies   on   his 

back all day�察�rowing         about his boat´shaped body�察�with one long pair of 

oars�察�in search       of animalcules�察�and the moment the lights are out�察�turns 

head over       heels�察�rights himself�察�and opening a pair of handsome wings�察�

starts    to fly about the dark room in company with his friend the water´ 

beetle�察�and ��I suspect�� catch flies�察�and then slips back demurely                  into the 



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water with the first streak of dawn。           But perhaps the most          interesting of 

all the tribes of the Naiads�察 � ��in default�察�of          course�察�of those semi´human 

nymphs   with   which   our   Teutonic        forefathers�察  �like   the   Greeks�察  �peopled 

each ;sacred   fountain�察┌�   ´      are   the   little   ;water´crickets�察─  �which   may  be 

found running   under         the pebbles�察 �or burrowing in little galleries in   the 

banks�此    �and     those ;caddises�察─  �which crawl   on the bottom in   the  stiller 

waters�察    �enclosed�察�all save the head and legs�察�in a tube of sand or pebbles�察�

shells    or   sticks�察  �green    or   dead    weeds�察   �often    arranged     with    quaint 

symmetry�察�or of very graceful shape。              Their aspect in this state        may be 

somewhat uninviting�察�but they compensate for their youthful                    ugliness by 

the strangeness of their transformations�察�and often by                the delicate beauty 

of   the   perfect   insects�察  �as   the   ;caddises�察─ �rising   to   the   surface�察  �become 

flying Phryganeae ��caperers and sand´ flies���察�generally of various shades 

of fawn´colour�察�and the water´ crickets ��though an unscientific eye may be 

able to discern but        little difference in them in the ;larva�察─�or imperfect 

state��    change into flies of the most various shapes�察 � one�察�perhaps�察�into 

the   great   sluggish   olive   ;Stone´fly;   ��Perla   bicaudata���察  �another      into   the 

delicate   lemon´coloured   ;Yellow   Sally;   ��Chrysoperla              viridis���察  �another 

into   the   dark   chocolate   ;Alder;   ��Sialis   lutaria���此    �and   the   majority   into 

duns   and   drakes   ��Ephemerae���察  �whose   grace   of          form�察  �and   delicacy   of 

colour�察  �give   them   a   right   to   rank   among   the   most   exquisite   of   God's 

creations�察�from the tiny ;Spinners; ��Ba �t is               or Chloron�� of incandescent 

glass�察  �with   gorgeous   rainbow´coloured          eyes�察  �to   the   great   Green   Drake 

��Ephemera vulgata���察�known to all              fishermen as the prince of trout´flies。 

These animals�察�their        habits�察�their miraculous transformations�察�might give 

many      an  hour's    quiet    amusement       to   an  invalid�察  �laid   on   a  sofa�察  �or 

imprisoned in a        sick´room�察�and debarred from reading�察�unless by some 

such means�察       �any page of that great green book outside�察�whose pen is the 

finger     of God�察�whose covers are the fire kingdoms and the star kingdoms�察�

and its leaves the heather´bells�察�and the polypes of the sea�察�and                 the gnats 

above the summer stream。 

     I   said  just   now�察   �that  happy    was    the   sportsman     who    was    also   a 

naturalist。     And�察    �having    once   mentioned      these   curious    water´flies�察   �I 

cannot help going a little farther�察�and saying�察�that lucky is the                fisherman 



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who is also a naturalist。         A fair scientific knowledge of             the flies which 

he   imitates�察  �and   of   their   habits�察  �would   often     ensure   him   sport�察  �while 

other men are going home with empty creels。                     One would have fancied 

this a self´evident fact�察�yet I have never             found any sound knowledge of 

the    natural    water´flies    which     haunt    a   given      stream�察   �except    

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