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Each trial of voice�察�each fresh discovery of discord�察�almost imperceptibly 

induces   the   less   perfect   to   modify   his   or   her   vocal   utterance   so   as   to 

approximate        to  the   more     perfect。   And    after   many     trials   and   many 

approximations�察  �the   result   is   at   last   achieved。 There   comes   a   day  at   last 

when�察    �while    the   wonted     Marriage     Chorus     goes    forth  from    universal 

Lineland�察     �the  three   far´off   Lovers     suddenly     find  themselves      in  exact 

harmony�察  �and�察  �before   they  are   aware�察  �the   wedded Triplet   is   rapt   vocally 

into a duplicate embrace�察�and Nature rejoices over one more marriage and 

over three more births。; 



        SECTION 14                 How I vainly tried to explain the 



                               nature of Flatland 



       Thinking     that   it  was   time   to  bring   down     the  Monarch      from    his 

raptures to the level of common sense�察�I determined to endeavour to open 

up to him some glimpses of the truth�察�that is to say of the nature of things 

in Flatland。 So I began thus�此 �How does your Royal Highness distinguish 

the shapes and positions of his subjects�拭�I for my part noticed by the sense 

of   sight�察  �before   I   entered   your   Kingdom�察  �that   some   of   your   people   are 

lines and others Points�察�and that some of the lines are larger ; ;You speak 

of an impossibility�察─�interrupted the King�察 �you must have seen a vision�察�

for   to   detect   the   difference   between   a   Line   and   a   Point   by   the   sense   of 

sight is�察�as every one knows�察�in the nature of things�察�impossible�察�but it can 

be detected by the sense of hearing�察�and by the same means my shape can 

be exactly ascertained。 Behold meI am a Line�察�the longest in Lineland�察�

over six inches of Space  ; ;Of Length�察─  �I ventured   to suggest。  ;Fool�察─�

said he�察 �Space is Length。 Interrupt me again�察�and I have done。; 

     I apologized�察�but he continued scornfully�察 �Since you are impervious 



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to   argument�察  �you   shall   hear   with   your   ears   how   by   means   of   my   two 

voices     I  reveal   my   shape    to  my    Wives�察   �who    are  at  this  moment      six 

thousand miles seventy  yards two feet   eight inches away�察 �the one to the 

North�察�the other to the South。 Listen�察�I call to them。; 

     He   chirruped�察  �and   then   complacently   continued�此   �My   wives   at   this 

moment receiving the sound of one of my voice�察�closely followed by the 

other�察�and perceiving that the latter reaches them after an interval in which 

sound   can   traverse   6。457   inches�察  �infer   that   one   of   my   mouths   is   6。457 

inches further from them than the other�察�and accordingly know my shape 

to be 6。457 inches。 But you will of course understand that my wives do not 

make this calculation every time they hear my two voices。 They made it�察�

once   for   all�察  �before   we   were   married。   But   they   COULD   make   it   at   any 

time。 And in the same way I can   estimate the shape of   any of my  Male 

subjects by the sense of sound。; 

     ;But how�察─�said I�察 �if a Man feigns a Woman's voice with one of his 

two voices�察�or so disguises his Southern voice that it cannot be recognized 

as    the  echo    of  the   Northern�拭     �May    not   such    deceptions     cause    great 

inconvenience�拭�And have you no means of checking frauds of this kind by 

commanding   your   neighbouring   subjects   to   feel   one   another�拭─  �This   of 

course was a very stupid question�察�for feeling could not have answered the 

purpose�察    �but   I  asked    with   the   view   of   irritating  the   Monarch�察     �and   I 

succeeded perfectly。 

     ;What� ─     �cried   he  in  horror�察   �explain    your    meaning。;     ;Feel�察  �touch�察�

come into contact�察─�I replied。。 ;If you mean by FEELING�察─�said the King�察�

;approaching so close as to leave no space between two individuals�察�know�察�

Stranger�察�that this offence   is punishable   in my  dominions by  death。 And 

the   reason   is   obvious。   The   frail   form   of   a   Woman�察  �being   liable   to   be 

shattered by such an approximation�察�must be preserved by the State�察�but 

since Women cannot be distinguished by the sense of sight from Men�察�the 

Law ordains universally that neither Man nor Woman shall be approached 

so   closely   as   to   destroy   the   interval   between   the   approximator   and   the 

approximated。 

     ;And indeed what possible purpose would be served by this illegal and 



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                                              Flatland 



unnatural excess of approximation which you call TOUCHING�察�when all 

the ends of so brutal and course a process are attained at once more easily 

and more exactly by the sense of hearing�拭�As to your suggested danger of 

deception�察  �it   is   non´existent�此  �for   the   Voice�察  �being   the   essence   of   one's 

Being�察�cannot be thus changed at will。 But come�察�suppose that I had the 

power      of  passing    through     solid   things�察  �so   that   I  could   penetrate     my 

subjects�察�one after another�察�even to the number of a billion�察�verifying the 

size and distance of each by the sense of FEELING�此�How much time and 

energy would be wasted in this clumsy and inaccurate method� �Whereas 

now�察�in one moment of audition�察�I take as it were the census and statistics�察�

local�察  �corporeal�察  �mental   and   spiritual�察  �of   every  living   being   in   Lineland。 

Hark�察�only hark� ─�

     So saying he paused and listened�察�as if in an ecstasy�察�to a sound which 

seemed       to  me    no   better   than    a  tiny   chirping     from    an   innumerable 

multitude of lilliputian grasshoppers。 

     ;Truly�察─�replied I�察 �your sense of hearing serves you in good stead�察�and 

fills up many of   your deficiencies。 But permit   me to point out that your 

life in Lineland must be deplorably dull。 To see nothing but a Point� �Not 

even   to   be   able   to   contemplate   a   Straight   Line�   �Nay�察  �not   even   to   know 

what   a    Straight   Line    is�   �To  see�察 �yet   to  be   cut  off   from   those   Linear 

prospects which are vouchsafed to us in Flatland� �Better surely to have no 

sense   of   sight   at   all   than   to   see   so   little�   �I   grant   you   I   have   not   your 

discriminative   faculty   of   hearing�察  �for   the   concert   of   all   Lineland   which 

gives you such intense  pleasure�察�is to me   no better than a  multitudinous 

twittering or chirping。 But at least I can discern�察�by sight�察�a Line from a 

Point。 And let me prove it。 Just before I came into your kingdom�察�I saw 

you dancing from left to right�察�and then from right to left�察�with Seven Men 

and a Woman in your immediate proximity on the left�察�and eight Men and 

two Women on your right。 Is not this correct�拭─�

     ;It   is   correct�察─  �said   the   King�察   �so   far   as   the   numbers   and   sexes   are 

concerned�察�though I know not what you mean by `right' and `left。' But I 

deny that you saw these things。 For how could you see the Line�察�that is to 

say  the   inside�察  �of   any  Man�拭  �But   you   must   have   heard   these   things�察  �and 



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                                            Flatland 



then dreamed that you saw them。 And let me ask what you mean by those 

words `left' and `right。' I suppose it is your way of saying Northward and 

Southward。; 

     ;Not so�察─�replied I�察 �besides your motion of Northward and Southward�察�

there is another motion which I call from right to left。; 

     King。 Exhibit to me�察�if you please�察�this motion from left to right。 

     I。  Nay�察  �that  I  cannot    do�察 �unless   you   could    step  out   of  your   Line 

altogether。 

     King。 Out of my Line�拭�Do you mean out of the world�拭�Out of Space�拭�

     I。   Well�察  �yes。   Out   of   YOUR   world。   Out   of   YOUR   Space。   For   your 

Space is not the true Space。 True Space is a Plane�察�but your Space is only a 

Line。 

     King。 If you cannot indicate this motion from left to right by yourself 

moving in it�察�then I beg you to describe it to me in words。 

     I。 If you cannot tell your right side from your left�察�I fear that no words 

of mine can make my meaning clearer to you。 But surely you cannot be 

ignorant of so simple a distinction。 

     King。 I do not in the least understand you。 

     I。 Alas� �How shall I make it clear�拭�When you move straight on�察�does it 

not sometimes   occur to   you that   you COULD   move in   some other   way�察�

turning your eye round so as to look in the direction towards which your 

side   is   now   fronting�拭  �In   other   words�察  �instead   of   always   mov

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