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chirping�察  �and   this   monotonous   motion   to   and   fro   in   one   and   the   same 

Straight Line�拭─�

     ;I am no Woman�察─�replied the small Line�此 �I am the Monarch of the 

world。     But   thou�察 �whence     intrudest    thou   into  my    realm   of  Lineland�拭─�

Receiving this abrupt reply�察�I begged pardon if I had in any way startled or 

molested      his  Royal    Highness�察    �and   describing     myself    as  a  stranger    I 



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besought the King to give me some account of his dominions。 But I had 

the greatest possible difficulty in obtaining any information on points that 

really   interested   me�察  �for   the   Monarch   could   not   refrain   from   constantly 

assuming that whatever was familiar to him must also be known to me and 

that I was simulating ignorance in jest。 However�察�by preserving questions I 

elicited the following facts�此�

     It seemed that this poor ignorant Monarchas he called himself was 

persuaded   that   the   Straight   Line   which   he   called   his   Kingdom�察  �and   in 

which   he   passed   his   existence�察  �constituted   the   whole   of   the   world�察  �and 

indeed the whole of Space。 Not being able either to move or to see�察�save in 

his Straight Line�察�he had no conception of anything out of it。 Though he 

had heard my voice when I first addressed him�察�the sounds had come to 

him in a manner so contrary to his experience that he had made no answer�察�

;seeing no man�察─�as he expressed it�察 �and hearing a voice as it were from 

my   own   intestines。;   Until   the   moment   when   I   placed   my   mouth   in   his 

World�察�he had neither seen me�察�nor heard anything except confused sounds 

beating against�察�what I called his side�察�but what he called his INSIDE or 

STOMACH�察�nor had he even now the least conception of the region from 

which I had come。 Outside his World�察�or Line�察�all was a blank to him�察�nay�察�

not   even   a   blank�察  �for   a   blank   implies   Space�察  �say�察  �rather�察  �all   was   non´ 

existent。 

     His    subjectsof    whom      the  small    Lines   were    men    and   the   Points 

Women   were   all   alike   confined   in   motion   and   eyesight   to   that   single 

Straight Line�察�which was their World。 It need scarcely be added that the 

whole of their horizon was limited to a Point�察�nor could any one ever see 

anything but a Point。 Man�察�woman�察�child�察�thingeach as a Point to the eye 

of   a   Linelander。   Only   by   the   sound   of   the   voice   could   sex   or   age   be 

distinguished。   Moreover�察  �as   each   individual   occupied   the   whole   of   the 

narrow path�察�so to speak�察�which constituted his Universe�察�and no one could 

move to the right or left to make way for passers by�察�it followed that no 

Linelander could ever pass another。 Once neighbours�察�always neighbours。 

Neighbourhood          with    them    was    like   marriage     with    us。   Neighbours 

remained neighbours till death did them part。 



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     Such   a   life�察  �with   all   vision   limited   to   a   Point�察  �and   all   motion   to   a 

Straight Line�察�seemed to me inexpressibly dreary�察�and I was surprised to 

note that vivacity and cheerfulness of the King。 Wondering whether it was 

possible�察  �amid   circumstances   so   unfavourable   to   domestic   relations�察  �to 

enjoy     the   pleasures     of  conjugal     union�察   �I  hesitated    for  some     time   to 

question his Royal Highness on so delicate a subject�察�but at last I plunged 

into it by abruptly inquiring as to the health of his family。 ;My wives and 

children�察─�he replied�察 �are well and happy。; 

     Staggered       at  this   answerfor     in   the   immediate      proximity     of   the 

Monarch   ��as   I   had   noted   in   my   dream   before   I   entered   Lineland��   there 

were none but MenI ventured to reply�察 �Pardon me�察�but I cannot imagine 

how   your   Royal   Highness   can   at   any   time   either   se   or   approach   their 

Majesties�察�when there at least half a dozen intervening individuals�察�whom 

you can neither see through�察�nor pass by�拭�Is it possible that in Lineland 

proximity       is  not   necessary      for  marriage      and    for  the    generation     of 

children�拭─�

     ;How can you ask so absurd a question�拭─�replied the Monarch。 ;If it 

were indeed as you suggest�察�the Universe would soon be depopulated。 No�察�

no�察  �neighbourhood   is   needless   for   the   union   of   hearts�察  �and   the   birth   of 

children is   too important   a matter   to   have been   allowed to depend upon 

such an   accident as   proximity。 You   cannot   be ignorant of this。 Yet   since 

you are pleased to affect ignorance�察�I will instruct you as if you were the 

veriest baby in Lineland。 Know�察�then�察�that marriages are consummated by 

means of the faculty of sound and the sense of hearing。 

     ;You are of course aware that every Man has two mouths or voices 

as    well   as  two    eyesa    bass   at  one    and   a  tenor    at  the  other    of  his 

extremities。   I   should   not   mention   this�察  �but   that   I   have   been   unable   to 

distinguish your tenor in the course of our conversation。; I replied that I 

had but one voice�察�and that I had not been aware that his Royal Highness 

had two。 ;That confirms by impression�察─�said the King�察 �that you are not a 

Man�察     �but   a  feminine     Monstrosity      with    a  bass    voice�察  �and    an   utterly 

uneducated ear。 But to continue。 

     ;Nature      having    herself    ordained     that  every    Man     should    wed    two 



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                                              Flatland 



wives; ;Why two�拭─�asked I。 ;You carry your affected simplicity too far�察─�

he cried。 ;How can there be a completely harmonious union without the 

combination of the Four in One�察�viz。 the Bass and Tenor of the Man and 

the Soprano and Contralto of the two Women�拭─ �But supposing�察─�said I�察�

;that a man should prefer one wife or three�拭─ �It is impossible�察─�he said�察�

;it is as inconceivable as that two and one should make five�察�or that the 

human eye should see a Straight Line。; I would have interrupted him�察�but 

he proceeded as follows�此�

     ;Once   in   the   middle   of   each   week   a   Law   of   Nature   compels   us   to 

move   to   and   fro   with   a   rhythmic   motion   of   more   than   usual   violence�察�

which continues for the time you would take to count a hundred and one。 

In the midst of this choral dance�察�at the fifty´first pulsation�察�the inhabitants 

of   the   Universe   pause   in   full   career�察 �and   each   individual sends   forth   his 

richest�察 �fullest�察 �sweetest   strain。  It is   in   this   decisive   moment   that   all   our 

marriages are made。 So exquisite is the adaptation of Bass and Treble�察�of 

Tenor     to   Contralto�察    �that   oftentimes     the   Loved     Ones�察   �though     twenty 

thousand   leagues   away�察  �recognize   at   once   the   responsive   note   of   their 

destined   Lover�察  �and�察  �penetrating   the   paltry   obstacles   of   distance�察  �Love 

unites the three。 The marriage in   that instance consummated   results in a 

threefold Male and Female offspring which takes its place in Lineland。; 

     ;What� �Always   threefold�拭─  �said   I。   ;Must   one   wife  then   always   have 

twins�拭─�

     ;Bass´voice Monstrosity� �yes�察─�replied the King。 ;How else could the 

balance of the Sexes be maintained�察�if two girls were not born for every 

boy�拭    �Would      you   ignore    the   very    Alphabet      of  Nature�拭─     �He   ceased�察�

speechless for fury�察�and some time elapsed before I could induce him to 

resume his narrative。 

     ;You will not�察�of course�察�suppose that every bachelor among us finds 

his   mates   at   the   first   wooing   in   this   universal   Marriage   Chorus。   On   the 

contrary�察�the process is by most of us many times repeated。 Few are the 

hearts   whose   happy  lot   is   at once   to   recognize   in   each other's   voice   the 

partner intended for them by Providence�察�and to fly into a reciprocal and 

perfectly  harmonious   embrace。 With   most   of   us   the   courtship   is   of   long 



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duration。 The Wooer's voices may perhaps accord with one of the future 

wives�察�but not with both�察�or not�察�at first�察�with either�察�or the Soprano and 

Contralto may not quite harmonize。 In such cases Nature has provided that 

every   weekly   Chorus   shall   bring   the   three   Lovers   into   closer   harmony。 

Each trial of voice�察�each fresh discovery of discord�察�al

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