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There is a method of bronzing casts of plaster of Paris analogous to that 
which we have above given for bronzing wood; but it is not in much repute。 
Such figures may be beautifully varnished by means of Dr。 John's varnish; 
receipt No。178。 Casts of plaster of Paris may be made by receipt No。167。

183。 SHELL…LAC VARNISH
Dissolve in an iron kettle; one part of pearl…ash in about 8 parts of 
water; add one part of shell…lac; and heat the whole to ebullition。 When 
the lac is dissolved; cool the solution; and impregnate it with chlorine; 
till the lac is all precipitated。 The precipitate is white; but its colour 
deepens by washing and consolidation; dissolved in alcohol; lac bleached 
by the above process yields a varnish which is as free from colour as any 
copal varnish。









 184。 CHLORINE FOR SHELL…LAC VARNISH
This may be formed by mixing intimately eight parts of common salt; and 

three parts of the black oxide of manganese in powder; put this mixture 
into a retort; then pour four parts of sulphuric acid; diluted with an 
equal weight of water; and afterwards allowed to cool upon the salt and 
manganese; the gas will then be immediately liberated; and the operation 
may be quickened by a moderate heat。 A tube leading from the mouth of the 
retort must be passed into the resinous solution; where the gas will be 
absorbed; and the lac precipitated。

185。 SHELL…LAC VARNISHES OF VARIOUS COLOURS
These may be made by using ant colour in fine powder with the varnish; in 
the following manner: rub up the colour with a little alcohol or spirits 
of turpentine till it becomes perfectly smooth; then put it into the cup 
with the varnish。 Shell…lac varnish is the best spirit varnish we have; 
and may be made any colour by the above process。

186。 GOLD OIL…COLOUR; OR SIZE
The English method of preparing the colour in size; which serves as the 
ground on which the gold is laid; is; to grind together some red oxide of 
lead with the thickest drying oil that can be procured; the older the 
better。 To make it work freely; it is mixed; before being used; with a 
little oil of turpentine; till it is brought to a proper consistence。 The 
above four receipts are used in japanning。

                              187。 JAPANNING
If it be woodwork you are about to japan; it must be prepared with size; 
and some coarse material mixed with it to fill up and harden the grain of 
the wood; (such as may best suit the colour to be laid on;) which must be 
rubbed smooth with glass paper when dry。 In cases of accident; it is 
seldom necessary to resize the damaged places; unless they are 
considerable。

188。 GRINDING COLOURS IN JAPANNING
Be very careful in japanning; to grind your colours smooth in spirits of 
turpentine; then add a small quantity of turpentine and spirit varnish; 
lay it carefully on with a camel hair brush; and varnish it with brown or 
white varnish; according to the colour。

189。 COLOURS REQUIRED IN JAPANNING
Flake white; red lead; vermillion; lake; Prussian blue; patent yellow; 
orpiment; orchres; verditers; vandyke brown; umber; lamp…black; and 
siennas raw and burnt。 With these you may match almost any colour in 
general use in japanning。 For a black japan; it will be found sufficient 
to mix a little gold…size with lamp…black; this will bear a good gloss; 
without requiring to be varnished afterwards。






  190。 TO PREPARE A FINE TORTOISE…SHELL JAPAN
Take 1 gallon of good linseed oil; and 1/2 lb。 of umber; boil them 
together till the oil becomes very brown and thick; then strain it through 
a coarse cloth; and set it again to boil; in which state it must be 
continued till it acquires a consistence resembling that of pitch; it will 
then be fit for use。

  191。 DIRECTIONS FOR USING TORTOISE…SHELL JAPAN
Having thus prepared the varnish or japan; clean well the substance which 
is to be japanned; then lay vermillion; tempered with shell…lac varnish; 
or with drying oil; very thinly diluted with oil of turpentine; on the 
places intended to imitate the more transparent parts of the 
tortoise…shell; when the vermillion is dry; brush the whole over with 
black varnish; tempered to a due consistence with the oil of turpentine。 
When set and firm; put the work into a stove; where it may undergo a
very strong heat; which must be continued a considerable time; if even 
three weeks or a month it will be the better。 This tortoise…shell ground 
it not less valuable for its great hardness; and enduring to be made 
hotter than boiling water without damage; than for the superior beauty and 
brilliancy of its appearance。

    192。 TO MAKE CLOTH; SILK &c。; WATER…PROOF
Mix equal quantities of alum and acetate of lead; and dissolve the mixture 
in 1 1/2 gallons of boiling water。 When the solution has cooled;remove the 
supernatent liquid from the sediment; which consists of sulphate of lead; 
and is ready for use。 Any article of dress; when well saturated in this 
liquid; and allowed to dry slowly; bears the action of boiling water; and 
does not permit it to pass through; although steam and air penetrate if 
freely。

                           193。 CROCKERY CEMENT
Dissolve 1 oz。 of common salt in 1 quart of water; bring to a boil; and 
put in 1 1/4 lbs。 gum shell…lac; when it shall have dissolved; pour into 
cold water; and work like wax; make into small sticks。 This will make 
crockery as firm as a rock。 Directions: … Warm the stick; apply it to the 
broken edges; then heat the edges; place them together and hold for a 
minute; and they are firm。

     194。 A CEMENT FOR CHINA; GLASS…WARE; &c。
Take a thick mucilage of gum arabic; and stir into it plaster of Paris to 
form a thick paste; apply to the edges with a brush; and press firmly 
together and confine them two or three days; and you will be astonished at 
their firmness。

                           195。 ANGLER'S SECRET
The juice of loveage or smellage mixed with any kind of bait; or a few 
drops of the oil of rhodium; India cockle; also; is sometimes mixed with 
flour dough; and sprinkled on the surface of still water。 This intoxicates 
the fish; and makes him turn up on the top of the water; when he is taken 
and put in a tub of fresh water until he revives; when all is right; he 
may be eaten without fear; but this will destroy many fish。






196。 MORELLA WINE
Take the juice of morella or tame cherries; and to each quart put 3 quarts 
of water; and 4 lbs。 of coarse brown sugar; let them ferment; and skim 
until worked clear; then draw off; avoiding the sediment at the bottom; 
bung up; or bottle; which is best for all wines; letting the bottles lie 
always on the side; either for wines or beers。

                               197。 HAIR DYE
No。1 Crystalised nitrate of silver; 1 drachm; soft water; 1 oz。 
No。2 Sulphide (sulphuret is the same) of potassium; 1 drachm; soft water; 
1 oz。; wash the beard or hair with soap to remove oil; dry with a towel a 
little then apply No。1; and directly after it No。2; for a few minutes; 
alternately; using different tooth brushes for each No。 Clear days are 
best on which to apply it。 As soon as dry; wash out well with soap。 Keep
it from shirt bosoms and face; especially No。1; as it will make the face 
sore as well as colour it。 If you do get it on the skin; cyanide (cyanuret 
is the same) of potassium; 1 drachm; to 2 ozs。 of water; will take it off。 
This last is poison; however; and should not touch sore places; nor be 
left where children may get at it。

                  198。 TALLOW CANDLES IN IMITATION OF WAX
Purify melted mutton tallow by throwing in powdered quicklime; then add 2 
parts of wax to 1 of tallow。 A most beautiful article of candle; 
resembling wax; will be produced by the mixture。 Dip the wicks in 
lime…water and saltpetre on making。

             199。 TO STAIN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS A CRIMSON STAIN
Take of ground Brazil; 1 lb。; water; 3 quarts; cochineal; 1/2 oz。; boil 
the Brazil in the water for an hour; then strain; and add the cochineal; 
then boil it gently for half…an…hour; when it will be fit for use。 If you 
wish a scarlet tint; boil an ounce of saffron in a quart of water; and 
pass over the work before you stain it。 The article must be very clean; 
and of firwood; or the best sycamore。 When varnished over this stain it is 
most elegant。

                   200。 A PURPLE STAIN FOR VIOLINS; &c。
Take of chipped logwood; 1 lb。; of water; 3 quarts; of pearl…ash; 4 ozs。; 
of indigo; pounded; 2 ozs。; put the logwood in the water; boil well for an 
hour; then add the pearl…ash and indigo; and when dissolved; you will have 
a beautiful purple。

                    201。 A BLUE STAIN FOR VIOLINS; &c。
Take of oil of vitriol in a glass bottle; 1 lb。; put into it 4 ozs。 of 
indigo; and precede as directed in dyeing。

                     202。 GREEN STAIN FOR VIOLINS; &c。
Take of strong vinegar; 3 pints; of best verdigris; 4 ozs。; ground fine; 
of sap green; 1/2 oz。; of indigo; 1/2 oz。; mix all together。








                    203。 GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR DYEING
The materials should be perfectly clean; soap should be rinsed out in soft 
water; the articl

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