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living can tell it from pure virgin silver。 It was obtained from a German 
chemist now dead�察�he used it for unlawful purposes to the amount of 
thousands�察�and yet the metal is so perfect that he was never discovered。 
It is all melted together in a crucible�察�here it is�此�1/4 oz。 of copper�察�2 
oz。 of brass�察�3 oz。 of pure silver�察�1 oz。 of bismuth�察�2 ozs。 of saltpetre�察�
2 ozs。 of common salt�察�1 oz。 of arsenic�察�and 1 oz。 of potash。

165。 MOULDS AND DIES
Take copper�察�zinc�察�and silver�察�in equal proportions�察�and melt them 
together�察�and mould into the forms you desire�察�and bring the same to a 
nearly white heat�察�now lay on the thing that you would take the impression 
of�察�and press it with sufficient force�察�and you will find that you have a 
perfect and beautiful impression。 All of the above metals should be melted 
under a coat of powdered charcoal。

                            166。 TO SOFTEN HORN
To 1 lb。 of wood ashes�察�add 2 lbs。 of quicklime�察�put them into a quart of 
water�察�let the whole boil till reduced to one third�察�then dip a feather 
in�察�and if�察�on drawing it out�察�the plume should come off�察�it is a proof 
that it is boiled enough�察�if not�察�let it boil a little longer�察�when it is 
settled filter it off�察�and in the liquor thus strained put in shavings of 
horn�察�let them soak for three days�察�and�察�first anointing your hands with 
oil�察�work the horn into a mass�察�and print or mould it into any shape you 
please。








167。 TO MAKE MOULDS OF HORN
If you wish to take the impression of any coin�察�medal�察�&c。�察�previously 
anoint it with oil�察�then lay the horn shavings over it in its softened 
state�察�when dry the impression will be sunk into the horn�察�and this will 
serve as a mould to reproduce�察�either by plaster of Paris�察�putty and glue�察�
or isinglass and ground egg shells�察�the exact resemblance of the coin or 
medal。
                168。 TO CASE FIGURES IN IMITATION OF IVORY
Make isinglass and strong brandy into a paste�察�with powder of egg shells�察�
very finely ground�察�you may give it what colour you please�察�but cast it 
warm into your mould�察�which you previously oil over�察�leave the figure in 
the mould till dry�察�and you will find�察�on taking it out�察�that it bears a 
very strong resemblance to ivory。

                           169。 TRUE GOLD POWDER
Put some gold leaf�察�with a little honey or thick gum water�察。�whenever I 
speak of gum I mean gum arabic�撮� into an earthen mortar�察�and pound the 
mixture till the gold is reduced to very small particles�察�then wash out 
the honey or gum repeatedly with warm water�察�and the gold will be left 
behind in a state of powder�察�which�察�when dried�察�is fit for use。

                           170。 TRUE GOLD POWDER
Another�察�and perhaps better method of preparing gold powder is to heat a 
prepared amalgam of gold in a clean open crucible�察。�an amalgam of any 
metal is formed by a mixture of quicksilver with that metal�� continuing a 
very strong heat till all the mercury has evaporated�察�stirring the amalgam 
all the while with a glass rod�察�when the mercury has entirely left the 
gold�察�grind the remainder in a Wedgewood's mortar�察�with a little water�察�
and when dried it will be fit for use。 The subliming the mercury is�察�
however�察�a process injurious to the health。

171。 COLOUR HEIGHTENING COMPOSITIONS
For yellow gold�察�dissolve in water 6 ozs。 of saltpetre�察�2 ozs。 of 
copperas�察�1 oz。 of white vitriol�察�and 1 oz。 of alum。 If wanted redder�察�add 
a small portion of blue vitriol。

                            172。 FOR GREEN GOLD
Dissolve in water a mixture consisting of 1 1/2 oz。 of saltpetre�察�vitriol 
and sal´ammoniac�察�1 1/4 oz。 of each�察�and 1 oz。 verdigris。

                             173。 FOR RED GOLD
Take 1 1/2 oz。 of red ochre in fine powder�察�the same quantity of calcined 
verdigris�察�1/2 oz。 of calcined borax�察�and 4 oz。 of melted yellow wax�察�the 
verdigris must be calcined�察�or else�察�by the heat applied in melting the 
wax�察�the vinegar becomes so concentrated as to corrode the surface�察�and 
make it appear speckled。 These last three are colours for heightening 
compositions。








                             174。 MOSAIC GOLD
Mosaic gold�察�or aurum mosaicum�察�is used for inferior articles。 It is 
prepared in the following manner�此�1 lb。 of tin is melted in a crucible�察�
and 1/2 lb。 of purified quicksilver added to it�察�when this mixture is 
cold�察�it is reduced to powder�察�and ground with 1/2 lb。 of sal ammoniac�察�
and 7 ozs。 of flower of sulphur�察�till the whole is thoroughly mixed�察�they 
are then calcined in a mattrass�察�and the sublimation of the other 
ingredients leaves the tin converted into the aurum mosaicum�察�which is 
found at the bottom of the glass�察�like a mass of bright flakey gold 
powder。 Should any black or discoloured particles appear�察�they must be

removed。 The sal´ammoniac used here must be very white and clear�察�and the 
mercury quite pure and unadulterated。 When a shade of deeper red is 
required�察�it can easily be obtained by grinding a very small quantity of 
red lead along with the above materials。

                         175。 DUTCH OR GERMAN GOLD
A gilding powder is sometimes made from Dutch gold�察�which is sold in books 
at a very low price。 This is treated in the same way as the real gold leaf 
in making the true gold powder。 It is necessary�察�when this inferior powder 
is used�察�to cover the gilding with a coat of clear varnish�察�otherwise it 
soon loses its metallic appearance。 The same remark applies�察�though to a 
less degree�察�to Mosaic gilding。

                            176。 COPPER POWDER
This is prepared by dissolving filings or slips of copper with nitrous 
acid in a receiver。 When the acid is saturated�察�the slips are to be 
removed�察�or�察�if filings be employed�察�the solution is to be poured off from 
what remains undissolved�察�small bars are then put in�察�which will 
precipitate the copper from the saturated acid�察�in a powder of the 
peculiar appearance and colour of copper�察�and the liquid being poured from 
the powder�察�this is to be washed clean of the crystals by repeated 
levigations。

                             177。 COMMON SIZE
The size used by painters for most sorts of common work is prepared by 
boiling in water pieces of parchment�察�and of the skins of animals and fins 
of fish�察�and evaporating the solution to a proper consistency。 It only 
differs�察�however�察�from a solution of glue containing fewer foreign 
ingredients�察�and in not being so strong。

178。 DR。 JOHN'S VARNISH FOR PLASTER OF PARIS CASTS
Take of white soap and white wax�察�each half an ounce�察�of water two pints�察�
boil them together for a short time in a clean vessel。 This varnish is to 
be applied when cold�察�by means of a soft brush。 It does not sink in�察�it 
readily dries�察�and its effect may be heightened by lightly using a silk 
pocket handkerchief。






                   179。 GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR BRONZING
This art is nothing but a species of painting�察�but far from being of the 
most delicate kind。 The principal ingredients made use of in it are the 
true gold powder�察�the German gold�察�the aurum mosaicum�察�and copper powder�察�
��all above described。�� The choice of these powders is�察�of course�察�to be 
determined by the degree of brilliancy you wish to obtain。 The powder is 
mixed with strong gum water or isinglass�察�and laid on with a brush or 
pencil�察�and when not so dry as to have still a certain clamminess�察�a piece 
of soft leather wrapped round the finger�察�is dipped in the powder and 
rubbed over the work�察�when the work has been all covered with the bronze�察�
it must be left to dry�察�and any loose powder then cleared away by a hair 
pencil。

                           180。 BRONZING IN WOOD
This may be effected by a process somewhat differing from the above�察�
Prussian blue�察�patent yellow�察�raw amber�察�lamp´black�察�and pipe clay are 
ground separately with water on a stone�察�and as much of them as will make 
a good colour put into a small vessel three´fourths full of size。 This 
mixture is found to succeed best on using about half as much more pipe 
clay as of any of the other ingredients。 The wood being previously cleaned 
and smoothed�察�and coated with a mixture of clean size and lamp´black�察�
receives a new coating with the above compound twice successively�察�having 
allowed the first to dry。 Afterwards the bronze powder is to be laid on 
with a pencil�察�and the whole burnished or cleaned anew�察�observing to 
repair the parts which may be injured by this operation�察�next�察�the work 
must be coated over with a thin lather of castile soap�察�which will take 
off the glare of the burnishing�察�and afterwards be carefully rubbed with a 
woollen cloth。 The superfluous powder may be rubbed off when dry。

                           181。 IN BRONZING IRON
The subject should be heated to a greater degree than the hand can bear�察�
and German gold�察�mixed with a small quantity of spirit of wine varnish�察�
spread over it with a pencil�察�should the iron be already polished�察�you 
must heat it well and moisten it with a linen rag dipped in vinegar。

                  182。 BRONZING CASTS OF PLASTER OF PARIS
There is a method of bronzing casts of plaster of Paris analogous to that 
which we have ab

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