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hath the presumption to accuse the Jews for making this war against Physco�察�when he ought to have commended them for the same。 This man also makes mention of Cleopatra�察�the last queen of Alexandria�察�and abuses us�察�because she was ungrateful to us�察�whereas he ought to have reproved her�察�who indulged herself in all kinds of injustice and wicked practices�察 �both with regard to her nearest relations and husbands who had loved her�察�and�察�indeed�察�in general with regard to all the Romans�察�and those emperors that were her benefactors�察�who also had her sister Arsinoe slain in a temple�察�when she had done her no harm�此�moreover�察�she had her brother slain by private treachery�察�and she destroyed the gods of her country and the sepulchers of her progenitors�察�and while she had received her kingdom from the first Caesar�察�she had the impudence to rebel against his son�此。�7�� and successor�察�nay�察 �she corrupted Antony with her love´tricks�察�and rendered him an enemy to his country�察�and made him treacherous to his friends�察�and ��by his means�А�despoiled some of their royal authority�察�and forced others in her madness to act wickedly。 But what need I enlarge upon this head any further�察�when she left Antony in his fight at sea�察�though he were her husband�察�and the father of their common children�察�and compelled him to resign up his government�察�with the army�察 �and to follow her ��into Egypt�В拭�nay�察�when last of all Caesar had taken Alexandria�察�she came to that pitch of cruelty�察�that she declared she had some hope of preserving her affairs still�察 �in case she could kill the Jews�察�though it were with her own hand�察�to such a degree of barbarity and perfidiousness had she arrived。 And doth any one think that we cannot boast ourselves of any thing�察�if�察�as Apion says�察�this queen did not at a time of famine distribute wheat among us�拭�However�察�she at length met with the punishment she deserved。 As for us Jews�察 �we appeal to the great Caesar what assistance we brought him�察�and what fidelity we showed to him against the Egyptians�察�as also to the senate and its decrees�察�and the epistles of Augustus Caesar�察�whereby our merits ��to the Romans�А�are justified。 Apion ought to have looked upon those epistles�察�and in particular to have examined the testimonies given on our behalf�察�under Alexander and all the Ptolemies�察�and the decrees of the senate and of the greatest Roman emperors。 And if Germanicus was not able to make a distribution of corn to all the inhabitants of Alexandria�察�that only shows what a barren time it was�察�and how great a want there was then of corn�察�but tends nothing to the accusation of the Jews�察�for what all the emperors have thought of the Alexandrian Jews is well known�察�for this distribution of wheat was no otherwise omitted with regard to the Jews�察�than it was with regard to the other inhabitants of Alexandria。 But they still were desirous to preserve what the kings had formerly intrusted to their care�察�I mean the custody of the river�察�nor did those kings think them unworthy of having the entire custody thereof�察�upon all occasions。 6。 But besides this�察�Apion objects to us thus�此 �If the Jews ��says he�� be citizens of Alexandria�察�why do they not worship the same gods with the Alexandrians�拭─�To which I give this answer�此�Since you are yourselves Egyptians�察�why do you fight it out one against another�察�and have implacable wars about your religion�拭�At this rate we must not call you all Egyptians�察 �nor indeed in general men�察�because you breed up with great care beasts of a nature quite contrary to that of men�察 �although the nature of all men seems to be one and the same。 Now if there be such differences in opinion among you Egyptians�察�why are you surprised that those who came to Alexandria from another country�察�and had original laws of their own before�察�should persevere in the observance of those laws�拭�But still he charges us with being the authors of sedition�察�which accusation�察�if it be a just one�察�why is it not laid against us all�察�since we are known to be all of one mind。 Moreover�察�those that search into such matters will soon discover that the authors of sedition have been such citizens of Alexandria as Apion is�察�for while they were the Grecians and Macedonians who were ill possession of this city�察�there was no sedition raised against us�察�and we were permitted to observe our ancient solemnities�察�but when the number of the Egyptians therein came to be considerable�察�the times grew confused�察�and then these seditions brake out still more and more�察�while our people continued uncorrupted。 These Egyptians�察�therefore�察�were the authors of these troubles�察�who having not the constancy of Macedonians�察�nor the prudence of Grecians�察�indulged all of them the evil manners of the Egyptians�察�and continued their ancient hatred against us�察�for what is here so presumptuously charged upon us�察�is owing to the differences that are amongst themselves�察�while many of them have not obtained the privileges of citizens in proper times�察�but style those who are well known to have had that privilege extended to them all no other than foreigners�此�for it does not appear that any of the kings have ever formerly bestowed those privileges of citizens upon Egyptians�察�no more than have the emperors done it more lately�察�while it was Alexander who introduced us into this city at first�察�the kings augmented our privileges therein�察�and the Romans have been pleased to preserve them always inviolable。 Moreover�察�Apion would lay a blot upon us�察�because we do not erect images for our emperors�察�as if those emperors did not know this before�察 �or stood in need of Apion as their defender�察�whereas he ought rather to have admired the magnanimity and modesty of the Romans�察�whereby they do not compel those that are subject to them to transgress the laws of their countries�察�but are willing to receive the honors due to them after such a manner as those who are to pay them esteem consistent with piety and with their own laws�察�for they do not thank people for conferring honors upon them�察�When they are compelled by violence so to do。 Accordingly�察�since the Grecians and some other nations think it a right thing to make images�察�nay�察 �when they have painted the pictures of their parents�察�and wives�察�and children�察�they exult for joy�察�and some there are who take pictures for themselves of such persons as were no way related to them�察�nay�察�some take the pictures of such servants as they were fond of�察�what wonder is it then if such as these appear willing to pay the same respect to their princes and lords�拭�But then our legislator hath forbidden us to make images�察�not by way of denunciation beforehand�察�that the Roman authority was not to be honored�察�but as despising a thing that was neither necessary nor useful for either God or man�察�and he forbade them�察�as we shall prove hereafter�察�to make these images for any part of the animal creation�察�and much less for God himself�察�who is no part of such animal creation。 Yet hath our legislator no where forbidden us to pay honors to worthy men�察�provided they be of another kind�察 �and inferior to those we pay to God�察�with which honors we willingly testify our respect to our emperors�察�and to the people of Rome�察�we also offer perpetual sacrifices for them�察 �nor do we only offer them every day at the common expenses of all the Jews�察�but although we offer no other such sacrifices out of our common expenses�察�no�察�not for our own children�察 �yet do we this as a peculiar honor to the emperors�察�and to them alone�察�while we do the same to no other person whomsoever。 And let this suffice for an answer in general to Apion�察�as to what he says with relation to the Alexandrian Jews。 7。 However�察�I cannot but admire those other authors who furnished this man with such his materials�察�I mean Possidonius and Apollonius ��the son of�А�Molo�察。�8�� who�察�while they accuse us for not worshipping the same gods whom others worship�察�they think themselves not guilty of impiety when they tell lies of us�察�and frame absurd and reproachful stories about our temple�察�whereas it is a most shameful thing for freemen to forge lies on any occasion�察�and much more so to forge them about our temple�察�which was so famous over all the world�察�and was preserved so sacred by us�察�for Apion hath the impudence to pretend that; the Jews placed an ass's head in their holy place�察─�and he affirms that this was discovered when Antiochus Epiphanes spoiled our temple�察 �and found that ass's head there made of gold�察�and worth a great deal of money。 To this my first answer shall be this�察 �that had there been any such thing among us�察�an Egyptian ought by no means to have thrown it in our teeth�察�since an ass is not a more contemptible animal than ��9�� and goats�察 �and other such creatures�察�which among them are gods。 But besides this answer�察�I say further�察�how comes it about that Apion does not understand this to be no other than a palpable lie�察�and to be confuted by the thing itself as utterly incredible�拭�For we Jews are always governed by the same laws�察�in which we constantly perse