the fathers of the constitution-第25节

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！


e　cases　mentioned　in　the　sixth　articleof　sending　and　receiving　ambassadorsentering　into　treaties　and　alliances；　provided　that　no　treaty　of　commerce　shall　be　made　whereby　the　legislative　power　of　the　respective　States　shall　be　restrained　from　imposing　such　imposts　and　duties　on　foreigners；　as　their　own　people　are　subjected　to；　or　from　prohibiting　the　exportation　or　importation　of　any　species　of　goods　or　commodities　whatsoeverof　establishing　rules　for　deciding　in　all　cases；　what　captures　on　land　or　water　shall　be　legal；　and　in　what　manner　prizes　taken　by　land　or　naval　forces　in　the　service　of　the　United　States　shall　be　divided　or　appropriatedof　granting　letters　of　marque　and　reprisal　in　times　of　peaceappointing　courts　for　the　trial　of　piracies　and　felonies　committed　on　the　high　seas　and　establishing　courts　for　receiving　and　determining　finally　appeals　in　all　cases　of　captures；　provided　that　no　member　of　Congress　shall　be　appointed　a　judge　of　any　of　the　said　courts。　The　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall　also　be　the　last　resort　on　appeal　in　all　disputes　and　differences　now　subsisting　or　that　hereafter　may　arise　between　two　or　more　States　concerning　boundary；　jurisdiction　or　any　other　cause　whatever；　which　authority　shall　always　be　exercised　in　the　manner　following。　Whenever　the　legislative　or　executive　authority　or　lawful　agent　of　any　State　in　controversy　with　another　shall　present　a　petition　to　Congress；　stating　the　matter　in　question　and　praying　for　a　hearing；　notice　thereof　shall　be　given　by　order　of　Congress　to　the　legislative　or　executive　authority　of　the　other　State　in　controversy；　and　a　day　assigned　for　the　appearance　of　the　parties　by　their　lawful　agents；　who　shall　then　be　directed　to　appoint　by　joint　consent；　commissioners　or　judges　to　constitute　a　court　for　hearing　and　determining　the　matter　in　question：　but　if　they　cannot　agree；　Congress　shall　name　three　persons　out　of　each　of　the　United　States；　and　from　the　list　of　such　persons　each　party　shall　alternately　strike　out　one；　the　petitioners　beginning；　until　the　number　shall　be　reduced　to　thirteen；　and　from　that　number　not　less　than　seven；　nor　more　than　nine　names　as　Congress　shall　direct；　shall　in　the　presence　of　Congress　be　drawn　out　by　lot；　and　the　persons　whose　names　shall　be　so　drawn　or　any　five　of　them；　shall　be　commissioners　or　judges；　to　hear　and　finally　determine　the　controversy；　so　always　as　a　major　part　of　the　judges　who　shall　hear　the　cause　shall　agree　in　the　determination：　and　if　either　party　shall　neglect　to　attend　at　the　day　appointed；　without　showing　reasons；　which　Congress　shall　judge　sufficient；　or　being　present　shall　refuse　to　strike；　the　Congress　shall　proceed　to　nominate　three　persons　out　of　each　State；　and　the　Secretary　of　Congress　shall　strike　in　behalf　of　such　party　absent　or　refusing；　and　the　judgment　and　sentence　of　the　court　to　be　appointed；　in　the　manner　before　prescribed；　shall　be　final　and　conclusive；　and　if　any　of　the　parties　shall　refuse　to　submit　to　the　authority　of　such　court；　or　to　appear　or　defend　their　claim　or　cause；　the　court　shall　nevertheless　proceed　to　pronounce　sentence；　or　judgment；　which　shall　in　like　manner　be　final　and　decisive；　the　judgment　or　sentence　and　other　proceedings　being　in　either　case　transmitted　to　Congress；　and　lodged　among　the　acts　of　Congress　for　the　security　of　the　parties　concerned：　provided　that　every　commissioner；　before　he　sits　in　judgment；　shall　take　an　oath　to　be　administered　by　one　of　the　judges　of　the　supreme　or　superior　court　of　the　State　where　the　cause　shall　be　tried；　〃well　and　truly　to　hear　and　determine　the　matter　in　question；　according　to　the　best　of　his　judgment；　without　favour；　affection　or　hope　of　reward：〃　provided　also　that　no　State　shall　be　deprived　of　territory　for　the　benefit　of　the　United　States。　All　controversies　concerning　the　private　right　of　soil　claimed　under　different　grants　of　two　or　more　States；　whose　jurisdiction　as　they　may　respect　such　lands；　and　the　States　which　passed　such　grants　are　adjusted；　the　said　grants　or　either　of　them　being　at　the　same　time　claimed　to　have　originated　antecedent　to　such　settlement　of　jurisdiction；　shall　on　the　petition　of　either　party　to　the　Congress　of　the　United　States；　be　finally　determined　as　near　as　may　be　in　the　same　manner　as　is　before　prescribed　for　deciding　disputes　respecting　territorial　jurisdiction　between　different　States。　The　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall　also　have　the　sole　and　exclusive　right　and　power　of　regulating　the　alloy　and　value　of　coin　struck　by　their　own　authority；　or　by　that　of　the　respective　States。fixing　the　standard　of　weights　and　measures　throughout　the　United　States。regulating　the　trade　and　managing　all　affairs　with　the　Indians；　not　members　of　any　of　the　States；　provided　that　the　legislative　right　of　any　State　within　its　own　limits　be　not　infringed　or　violatedestablishing　and　regulating　post…offices　from　one　State　to　another；　throughout　all　the　United　States；　and　exacting　such　postage　on　the　papers　passing　thro'　the　same　as　may　be　requisite　to　defray　the　expenses　of　the　said　officeappointing　all　officers　of　the　land　forces；　in　the　service　of　the　United　States；　excepting　regimental　officersappointing　all　the　officers　of　the　naval　forces；　and　commissioning　all　officers　whatever　in　the　service　of　the　United　Statesmaking　rules　for　the　government　and　regulation　of　the　said　land　and　naval　forces；　and　directing　their　operations。　The　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall　have　authority　to　appoint　a　committee；　to　sit　in　the　recess　of　Congress；　to　be　denominated　〃a　Committee　of　the　States；〃　and　to　consist　of　one　delegate　from　each　State；　and　to　appoint　such　other　committees　and　civil　officers　as　may　be　necessary　for　managing　the　general　affairs　of　the　United　States　under　their　directionto　appoint　one　of　their　number　to　preside；　provided　that　no　person　be　allowed　to　serve　in　the　office　of　president　more　than　one　year　in　any　term　of　three　years；　to　ascertain　the　necessary　sums　of　money　to　be　raised　for　the　service　of　the　United　States；　and　to　appropriate　and　apply　the　same　for　defraying　the　public　expensesto　borrow　money；　or　emit　bills　on　the　credit　of　the　United　States；　transmitting　every　half　year　to　the　respective　States　an　account　of　the　sums　of　money　so　borrowed　or　emitted；to　build　and　equip　a　navyto　agree　upon　the　number　of　land　forces；　and　to　make　requisitions　from　each　State　for　its　quota；　in　proportion　to　the　number　of　white　inhabitants　in　such　State；　which　requisition　shall　be　binding；　and　thereupon　the　Legislature　of　each　State　shall　appoint　the　regimental　officers；　raise　the　men　and　cloath；　arm　and　equip　them　in　a　soldier　like　manner；　at　the　expense　of　the　United　States；　and　the　officers　and　men　so　cloathed；　armed　and　equipped　shall　march　to　the　place　appointed；　and　within　the　time　agreed　on　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled：　but　if　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall；　on　consideration　of　circumstances　judge　proper　that　any　State　should　not　raise　men；　or　should　raise　a　smaller　number　than　its　quota；　and　that　any　other　State　should　raise　a　greater　number　of　men　than　the　quota　thereof；　such　extra　number　shall　be　raised；　officered；　cloathed；　armed　and　equipped　in　the　same　manner　as　the　quota　of　such　State；　unless　the　legislature　of　such　State　shall　judge　that　such　extra　number　cannot　be　safely　spared　out　of　the　same；　in　which　case　they　shall　raise　officer；　cloath；　arm　and　equip　as　many　of　such　extra　number　as　they　judge　can　be　safely　spared。　And　the　officers　and　men　so　cloathed；　armed　and　equipped；　shall　march　to　the　place　appointed；　and　within　the　time　agreed　on　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled。　The　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall　never　engage　in　a　war；　nor　grant　letters　of　marque　and　reprisal　in　time　of　peace；　nor　enter　into　any　treaties　or　alliances；　nor　coin　money；　nor　regulate　the　value　thereof；　nor　ascertain　the　sums　and　expenses　necessary　for　the　defence　and　welfare　of　the　United　States；　or　any　of　them；　nor　emit　bills；　nor　borrow　money　on　the　credit　of　the　United　States；　nor　appropriate　money；　nor　agree　upon　the　number　of　vessels　of　war；　to　be　built　or　purchased；　or　the　number　of　land　or　sea　forces　to　be　raised；　nor　appoint　a　commander　in　chief　of　the　army　or　navy；　unless　nine　States　assent　to　the　same：　nor　shall　a　question　on　any　other　point；　except　for　adjourning　from　day　to　day　be　determined；　unless　by　the　votes　of　a　majority　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled。　The　Congress　of　the　United　States　shall　have　power　to　adjourn　to　any　time　within　the　year；　and　to　any　place　within　the　United　States；　so　that　no　period　of　adjournment　be　for　a　longer　duration　than　the　space　of　six　months；　and　shall　publish　the　journal　of　their　proceedings　monthly；　except　such　parts　thereof　relating　to　treaties；　alliances　or　military　operations；　as　in　their　judgment　require　secresy；　and　the　yeas　and　nays　of　the　delegates　of　each　State　on　any　question　shall　be　entered　on　the　journal；　when　it　is　desired　by　any　delegate；　and　the　delegates　of　a　State；　or　any　of　them；　at　his　or　their　request　shall　be　furnished　with　a　transcript　of　the　said　journal；　except　such　parts　as　are　above　excepted；　to　lay　before　the　Legislatures　of　the　several　States。　ARTICLE　X。　The　committee　of　the　States；　or　any　ni