the fathers of the constitution-第24节

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olina。　WM。　HOOPER；　JOSEPH　HEWES；　JOHN　PENN。　South　Carolina。　EDWARD　RUTLEDGE；　THOS。　HEYWARD；　JUNR。；　THOMAS　LYNCH；　JUNR。；　ARTHUR　MIDDLETON。　Georgia。　BUTTON　GWINNETT；　LYMAN　HALL；　GEO。　WALTON。　NOTE。Mr。　Ferdinand　Jefferson；　Keeper　of　the　Rolls　in　the　Department　of　State；　at　Washington；　says：　〃The　names　of　the　signers　are　spelt　above　as　in　the　fac…simile　of　the　original；　but　the　punctuation　of　them　is　not　always　the　same；　neither　do　the　names　of　the　States　appear　in　the　fac…simile　of　the　original。　The　names　of　the　signers　of　each　State　are　grouped　together　in　the　fac…simile　of　the　original；　except　the　name　of　Matthew　Thornton；　which　follows　that　of　Oliver　Wolcott。〃　ARTICLES　OF　CONFEDERATION　　1777。　To　all　to　whom　these　Presents　shall　come；　we　the　undersigned　Delegates　of　the　States　affixed　to　our　Names　send　greeting。　WHEREAS　the　Delegates　of　the　United　States　of　America　in　Congress　assembled　did　on　the　fifteenth　day　of　November　in　the　Year　of　our　Lord　One　Thousand　Seven　Hundred　and　Seventyseven；　and　in　the　Second　Year　of　the　Independence　of　America　agree　to　certain　articles　of　Confederation　and　perpetual　Union　between　the　States　of　Newhampshire；　Massachusetts…bay；　Rhodeisland　and　Providence　Plantations；　Connecticut；　New　York；　New　Jersey；　Pennsylvania；　Delaware；　Maryland；　Virginia；　North　Carolina；　South…Carolina　and　Georgia　in　the　Words　following；　viz。　〃Articles　of　Confederation　and　perpetual　Union　between　the　States　of　Newhampshire；　Massachusetts…bay；　Rhodeisland　and　Providence　Plantations；　Connecticut；　New…York；　New…Jersey；　Pennsylvania；　Delaware；　Maryland；　Virginia；　North…Carolina；　South…Carolina　and　Georgia。　ARTICLE　I。　The　stile　of　this　confederacy　shall　be　〃The　United　States　of　America。〃　ARTICLE　II。　Each　State　retains　its　sovereignty；　freedom　and　independence；　and　every　power；　jurisdiction　and　right；　which　is　not　by　this　confederation　expressly　delegated　to　the　United　States；　in　Congress　assembled。　ARTICLE　III。　The　said　States　hereby　severally　enter　into　a　firm　league　of　friendship　with　each　other；　for　their　common　defence；　the　security　of　their　liberties；　and　their　mutual　and　general　welfare；　binding　themselves　to　assist　each　other；　against　all　force　offered　to；　or　attacks　made　upon　them；　or　any　of　them；　on　account　of　religion；　sovereignty；　trade；　or　any　other　pretence　whatever。　ARTICLE　IV。　The　better　to　secure　and　perpetuate　mutual　friendship　and　intercourse　among　the　people　of　the　different　States　in　this　Union；　the　free　inhabitants　of　each　of　these　States；　paupers；　vagabonds　and　fugitives　from　justice　excepted；　shall　be　entitled　to　all　privileges　and　immunities　of　free　citizens　in　the　several　States；　and　the　people　of　each　State　shall　have　free　ingress　and　regress　to　and　from　any　other　State；　and　shall　enjoy　therein　all　the　privileges　of　trade　and　commerce；　subject　to　the　same　duties；　impositions　and　restrictions　as　the　inhabitants　thereof　respectively；　provided　that　such　restrictions　shall　not　extend　so　far　as　to　prevent　the　removal　of　property　imported　into　any　State；　to　any　other　State　of　which　the　owner　is　an　inhabitant；　provided　also　that　no　imposition；　duties　or　restriction　shall　be　laid　by　any　State；　on　the　property　of　the　United　States；　or　either　of　them。　If　any　person　guilty　of；　or　charged　with　treason；　felony；　or　other　high　misdemeanor　in　any　State；　shall　flee　from　justice；　and　be　found　in　any　of　the　United　States；　he　shall　upon　demand　of　the　Governor　or　Executive　power；　of　the　State　from　which　he　fled；　be　delivered　up　and　removed　to　the　State　having　jurisdiction　of　his　offence。　Full　faith　and　credit　shall　be　given　in　each　of　these　States　to　the　records；　acts　and　judicial　proceedings　of　the　courts　and　magistrates　of　every　other　State。　ARTICLE　V。　For　the　more　convenient　management　of　the　general　interests　of　the　United　States；　delegates　shall　be　annually　appointed　in　such　manner　as　the　legislature　of　each　State　shall　direct；　to　meet　in　Congress　on　the　first　Monday　in　November；　in　every　year；　with　a　power　reserved　to　each　State；　to　recall　its　delegates；　or　any　of　them；　at　any　time　within　the　year；　and　to　send　others　in　their　stead；　for　the　remainder　of　the　year。　No　State　shall　be　represented　in　Congress　by　less　than　two；　nor　by　more　than　seven　members；　and　no　person　shall　be　capable　of　being　a　delegate　for　more　than　three　years　in　any　term　of　six　years；　nor　shall　any　person；　being　a　delegate；　be　capable　of　holding　any　office　under　the　United　States；　for　which　he；　or　another　for　his　benefit　receives　any　salary；　fees　or　emolument　of　any　kind。　Each　State　shall　maintain　its　own　delegates　in　a　meeting　of　the　States；　and　while　they　act　as　members　of　the　committee　of　the　States。　In　determining　questions　in　the　United　States；　in　Congress　assembled；　each　State　shall　have　one　vote。　Freedom　of　speech　and　debate　in　Congress　shall　not　be　impeached　or　questioned　in　any　court；　or　place　out　of　Congress；　and　the　members　of　Congress　shall　be　protected　in　their　persons　from　arrests　and　imprisonments；　during　the　time　of　their　going　to　and　from；　and　attendance　on　Congress；　except　for　treason；　felony；　or　breach　of　the　peace。　ARTICLE　VI。　No　State　without　the　consent　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　shall　send　any　embassy　to；　or　receive　any　embassy　from；　or　enter　into　any　conference；　agreement；　alliance　or　treaty　with　any　king　prince　or　state；　nor　shall　any　person　holding　any　office　of　profit　or　trust　under　the　United　States；　or　any　of　them；　accept　of　any　present；　emolument；　office　or　title　of　any　kind　whatever　from　any　king；　prince　or　foreign　state；　nor　shall　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　or　any　of　them；　grant　any　title　of　nobility。　No　two　or　more　States　shall　enter　into　any　treaty；　confederation　or　alliance　whatever　between　them；　without　the　consent　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　specifying　accurately　the　purposes　for　which　the　same　is　to　be　entered　into；　and　how　long　it　shall　continue。　No　state　shall　lay　any　imposts　or　duties；　which　may　interfere　with　any　stipulations　in　treaties；　entered　into　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　with　any　king；　prince　or　state；　in　pursuance　of　any　treaties　already　proposed　by　Congress；　to　the　courts　of　France　and　Spain。　No　vessels　of　war　shall　be　kept　up　in　time　of　peace　by　any　State；　except　such　number　only；　as　shall　be　deemed　necessary　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　for　the　defence　of　such　State；　or　its　trade；　nor　shall　any　body　of　forces　be　kept　up　by　any　State；　in　time　of　peace；　except　such　number　only；　as　in　the　judgment　of　the　United　States；　in　Congress　assembled；　shall　be　deemed　requisite　to　garrison　the　forts　necessary　for　the　defence　of　such　State；　but　every　State　shall　always　keep　up　a　well　regulated　and　disciplined　militia；　sufficiently　armed　and　accoutered；　and　shall　provide　and　constantly　have　ready　for　use；　in　public　stores；　a　due　number　of　field　pieces　and　tents；　and　a　proper　quantity　of　arms；　ammunition　and　camp　equipage。　No　State　shall　engage　in　any　war　without　the　consent　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　unless　such　State　be　actually　invaded　by　enemies；　or　shall　have　received　certain　advice　of　a　resolution　being　formed　by　some　nation　of　Indians　to　invade　such　State；　and　the　danger　is　so　imminent　as　not　to　admit　of　a　delay；　till　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　can　be　consulted：　nor　shall　any　State　grant　commissions　to　any　ships　or　vessels　of　war；　nor　letters　of　marque　or　reprisal；　except　it　be　after　a　declaration　of　war　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　and　then　only　against　the　kingdom　or　state　and　the　subjects　thereof；　against　which　war　has　been　so　declared；　and　under　such　regulations　as　shall　be　established　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　unless　such　State　be　infested　by　pirates；　in　which　case　vessels　of　war　may　be　fitted　out　for　that　occasion；　and　kept　so　long　as　the　danger　shall　continue；　or　until　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled　shall　determine　otherwise。　ARTICLE　VII。　When　land…forces　are　raised　by　any　State　for　the　common　defence；　all　officers　of　or　under　the　rank　of　colonel；　shall　be　appointed　by　the　Legislature　of　each　State　respectively　by　whom　such　forces　shall　be　raised；　or　in　such　manner　as　such　State　shall　direct；　and　all　vacancies　shall　be　filled　up　by　the　State　which　first　made　the　appointment。　ARTICLE　VIII。　All　charges　of　war；　and　all　other　expenses　that　shall　be　incurred　for　the　common　defence　or　general　welfare；　and　allowed　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　shall　be　defrayed　out　of　a　common　treasury；　which　shall　be　supplied　by　the　several　States；　in　proportion　to　the　value　of　all　land　within　each　State；　granted　to　or　surveyed　for　any　person；　as　such　land　and　the　buildings　and　improvements　thereon　shall　be　estimated　according　to　such　mode　as　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　shall　from　time　to　time　direct　and　appoint。　The　taxes　for　paying　that　proportion　shall　be　laid　and　levied　by　the　authority　and　direction　of　the　Legislatures　of　the　several　States　within　the　time　agreed　upon　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled。　ARTICLE　IX。　The　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　shall　have　the　sole　and　exclusive　right　and　power　of　determining　on　peace　and　war；　except　in　the　cases　mentioned　in　the　sixth　articleof　sending　and　receiving　ambassadorsentering　into　treaties　and