rich dad poor dad-第21节

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t　a　pany　that　had　a　strong　pilots　union。　Why？　Because　my　life　would　be　dedicated　to　learn　a　skill　that　was　valuable　in　only　one　industry。　If　I　were　pushed　out　of　that　industry；　my　life's　skills　would　not　be　as　valuable　to　another　industry。　A　displaced　senior　pilot…with　100；000　hours　of　heavy　airline　transport　time；　earning　150；000　a　year…would　have　a　hard　time　finding　an　equivalent　high…paying　job　in　school　teaching。　The　skills　do　not　necessarily　transfer　from　industry　to　industry；　because　the　skills　the　pilots　are　paid　for　in　the　airline　industry　are　not　as　important　in；　say；　the　school　system。
The　same　is　true　even　for　doctors　today。　With　all　the　changes　in　medicine；　many　medical　specialists　are　needing　to　conform　to　medical　organizations　such　as　HMO's。　Schoolteachers　definitely　need　to　be　union　members。　Today　in　America；　the　teachers　union　is　the　largest　and　the　richest　labor　union　of　all。　The　NEA；　National　Education　Association；　has　tremendous　political　clout。　Teachers　need　the　protection　of　their　union　because　their　skills　are　also　of　limited　value　to　an　industry　outside　of　education。　So　the　rule　of　thumb　is；　〃Highly　specialized；　then　unionize。〃　It's　the　smart　thing　to　do。
When　I　ask　the　classes　I　teach；　〃How　many　of　you　can　cook　a　better　hamburger　than　McDonald's？〃　almost　all　the　students　raise　their　hands。　I　then　ask；　〃So　if　most　of　you　can　cook　a　better　hamburger；　how　e　McDonald's　makes　more　money　than　you？〃
The　answer　is　obvious：　McDonald's　is　excellent　at　business　systems。　The　reason　so　many　talented　people　are　poor　is　because　they　focus　on　building　a　better　hamburger　and　know　little　to　nothing　about　business　systems。
A　friend　of　mine　in　Hawaii　is　a　great　artist。　He　makes　a　sizable　amount　of　money。　One　day　his　mother's　attorney　called　to　tell　him　that　she　had　left　him　35；000。　That　is　what　was　left　of　her　estate　after　the　attorney　and　the　government　took　their　shares。　　Immediately；　he　saw　an　opportunity　to　increase　his　business　by　using　some　of　this　money　to　advertise。　Two　months　later；　his　first　four…color；　full…page　ad　appeared　in　an　expensive　magazine　that　targeted　the　very　rich。　The　ad　ran　for　three　months。　　He　received　no　replies　from　the　ad；　and　all　of　his　inheritance　is　now　gone。　He　now　wants　to　sue　the　magazine　for　misrepresentation。
This　is　a　mon　case　of　someone　who　can　build　a　beautiful　hamburger；　but　knows　little　about　business。　When　I　asked　him　what　he　learned；　his　only　reply　was　that　〃advertising　salespeople　are　crooks。〃　I　then　asked　him　if　he　would　be　willing　to　take　a　course　in　sales　and　a　course　in　direct　marketing。　His　reply；　〃I　don't　have　the　time；　and　I　don't　want　to　waste　my　money。〃
The　world　is　filled　with　talented　poor　people。　All　too　often；　they're　？poor　or　struggle　financially　or　earn　less　than　they　are　capable　of；　not　　　　　　f　because　of　what　they　know　but　because　of　what　they　do　not　know。　They　focus　on　perfecting　their　skills　at　building　a　better　hamburger　rather　than　the　skills　of　selling　and　delivering　the　hamburger。　Maybe　McDonald's　does　not　make　the　best　hamburger；　but　they　are　the　best　at　　f　selling　and　delivering　a　basic　average　burger。
Poor　dad　wanted　me　to　specialize。　That　was　his　view　on　how　to　be　paid　more。　Even　after　being　told　by　the　governor　of　Hawaii　that　he　could　no　longer　work　in　state　government；　my　educated　dad　continued　to　encourage　me　to　get　specialized。　Educated　dad　then　took　up　the　cause　of　the　teachers　union；　campaigning　for　further　protection　and　benefits　for　I　these　highly　skilled　and　educated　professionals。　We　argued　often；　but　I　know　he　never　agreed　that　overspecialization　is　what　caused　the　need　for　union　protection。　He　never　understood　that　the　more　specialized　you　bee；　the　more　you　are　trapped　and　dependent　on　that　specialty。　
Rich　dad　advised　that　Mike　and　I　〃groom〃　ourselves。　Many　corporations　do　the　same　thing。　They　find　a　young　bright　student　out　of　business　school　and　begin　〃grooming〃　that　person　to　someday　take　over　the　pany。　　So　these　bright　young　employees　do　not　specialize　in　one　department；　they　are　moved　from　department　to　department　to　learn　all　the　aspects　of　business　systems。　The　rich　often　〃groom〃　their　children　or　the　children　of　others。　　By　doing　so；　their　children　gain　an　overall　knowledge　of　the　operations　of　the　business　and　how　the　various　departments　interrelate。
For　the　World　War　II　generation；　it　was　considered　〃bad〃　to　skip　from　pany　to　pany。　Today；　it　is　considered　smart。　　Since　people　will　skip　from　pany　to　pany；　rather　than　seek　greater　specialization；　why　not　seek　to　〃learn〃　more　than　〃earn。〃　In　the　short　term；　it　may　earn　you　less。　　In　the　long　term；　it　will　pay　off　in　large　dividends。
The　main　management　skills　needed　for　success　are：
　
1。　The　management　of　cash　flow
2。　The　management　of　systems　（including　yourself　and　time　with　family）。
3。　The　management　of　people。

The　most　important　specialized　skills　are　sales　and　understanding　marketing。　It　is　the　ability　to　selltherefore；　to　municate　to　another　human　being；　be　it　a　customer；　employee；　boss；　spouse　or　child…that　is　the　base　skill　of　personal　success。　It　is　munication　skills　such　as　writing；　speaking　and　negotiating　that　are　crucial　to　a　life　of　success。　It　is　a　skill　that　I　work　on　constantly；　attending　courses　or　buying　educational　tapes　to　expand　my　knowledge。
As　I　have　mentioned；　my　educated　dad　worked　harder　and　harder　the　more　petent　he　became。　He　also　became　more　trapped　the　more　specialized　he　got。　Although　his　salary　went　up；　his　choices　diminished。　Soon　after　he　was　locked　out　of　government　work；　he　found　out　how　vulnerable　he　really　was　professionally。　It　is　like　professional　athletes　who　suddenly　are　injured　or　are　too　old　to　play。　Their　once　high…paying　position　is　gone；　and　they　have　limited　skills　to　fall　back　on。　I　think　that　is　why　my　educated　dad　sided　so　much　with　unions　after　that。　He　realized　how　much　a　union　would　have　benefited　him。
Rich　dad　encouraged　Mike　and　me　to　know　a　little　about　a　lot。　He　encouraged　us　to　work　with　people　smarter　than　we　were　and　to　bring　smart　people　together　to　work　as　a　team。　Today　it　would　be　called　a　synergy　of　professional　specialities。
Today；　I　meet　ex…schoolteachers　earning　hundreds　of　thousands　of　dollars　a　year。　They　earn　that　much　because　they　have　specialized　skills　in　their　field　as　well　as　other　skills。　They　can　teach　as　well　as　sell　and　market。　I　know　of　no　other　skills　to　be　more　important　than　selling　as　well　as　marketing。　The　skills　of　selling　and　marketing　are　difficult　for　most　people　primarily　due　to　their　fear　of　rejection。　The　better　you　are　at　municating；　negotiating　and　handling　your　fear　of　rejection；　the　easier　life　is。　Just　as　I　advised　that　newspaper　writer　who　wanted　to　bee　a　〃best…selling　author；〃　I　advise　anyone　else　today。　　Being　technically　specialized　has　its　strengths　as　well　as　its　weaknesses。　　I　have　friends　who　are　geniuses；　but　they　cannot　municate　effectively　with　other　human　beings　and；　as　a　result；　their　earnings　are　pitiful。　　I　advise　them　to　just　spend　a　year　learning　to　sell。　Even　if　they　earn　nothing；　their　munication　skills　will　improve。　And　that　is　priceless。
In　addition　to　being　good　learners；　sellers　and　marketers；　we　need　to　be　good　teachers　as　well　as　good　students。　To　be　truly　rich；　we　need　to　be　able　to　give　as　well　as　to　receive。　In　cases　of　financial　or　professional　struggle；　there　is　often　a　lack　of　giving　and　receiving。　I　know　many　people　who　are　poor　because　they　are　neither　good　students　nor　good　teachers。
Both　of　my　dads　were　generous　men。　Both　made　it　a　practice　to　give　first。　Teaching　was　one　of　their　ways　of　giving。　The　more　they　gave；　the　more　they　received。　One　glaring　difference　was　in　the　giving　of　money。　My　rich　dad　gave　lots　of　money　away。　He　gave　to　his　church；　to　charities；　to　his　foundation。　He　knew　that　to　receive　money；　you　had　to　give　money。　Giving　money　is　the　secret　to　most　great　wealthy　families。　That　is　why　there　are　organizations　like　the　Rockefeller　Foundation　and　the　Ford　Foundation。　These　are　organizations　designed　to　take　their　wealth　and　increase　it；　as　well　as　give　it　away　in　perpetuity。
My　educated　dad　always　said；　〃When　I　have　some　extra　money；　I'll　give　it。〃　The　problem　was；　there　was　never　any　extra。　So　he　worked　harder　to　draw　more　money　in　rather　than　focus　on　the　most　important　law　of　money：　〃Give　and　you　shall　receive。〃　Instead；　he　believed　in　〃Receive　and　then　you　give。〃
In　conclusion；　I　became　both　dads。　　One　part　of　me　is　a　hard…core　capitalist　who　loves　the　game　of　money　making　money。　The　other　side　is　'：　a　socially　responsible　teacher　who　is　deeply　concerned　with　this　ever…widening　gap　between　the　haves　and　have　nots。　I　personally　hold　the　archaic　educational　system　primarily　responsible　for　this　growing　gap。
　
CHAPTER　EIGHT
Overing　Obstacles

Once　people　have　studied　and　bee　financially　literate；　they　may　still　face　roadblocks　to　being　financially　independent。　There　are　five　main　reasons　why　financially　literate　people　may　still　not　develop　abundant　asset　columns。　Asset　columns　that　could　produce　large　sums　of　cash　flow。　Asset　columns　that　could　free　them　to　live　the　life　they　dream　of；　instead　of　working　full　time　just　to　pay　bills。　The　five　reasons　are：
1。　Fear。
2。　Cynicism。
3。　Laziness。
4。　Bad　habits。
5。　Arr