the antiquities of the jews-1-第283节

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for　this　war；　he　sent　to　him；　and　demanded　back　those　honorable
privileges　which　had　been　bestowed　on　him　by　his　father；　and
threatened；　on　his　refusal；　to　make　war　upon　him。　Upon　hearing　of
this；　Izates　was　under　no　small　trouble　of　mind；　as　thinking　it
would　be　a　reproach　upon　him　to　appear　to　resign　those　privileges
that　had　been　bestowed　upon　him　out　of　cowardice；　yet　because　he
knew；　that　though　the　king　of　Parthia　should　receive　back　those
honors；　yet　would　he　not　be　quiet；　he　resolved　to　commit　himself
to　God；　his　Protector；　in　the　present　danger　he　was　in　of　his
life；　and　as　he　esteemed　him　to　be　his　principal　assistant；　he
intrusted　his　children　and　his　wives　to　a　very　strong　fortress；
and　laid　up　his　corn　in　his　citadels；　and　set　the　hay　and　the
grass　on　fire。　And　when　he　had　thus　put　things　in　order；　as　well
as　he　could；　he　awaited　the　coming　of　the　enemy。　And　when　the
king　of　Parthia　was　come；　with　a　great　army　of　footmen　and
horsemen；　which　he　did　sooner　than　was　expected；　（for　he　marched
in　great　haste；）　and　had　cast　up　a　bank　at　the　river　that　parted
Adiabene　from　Media；　…　Izates　also　pitched　his　camp　not　far　off；
having　with　him　six　thousand　horsemen。　But　there　came　a　messenger
to　Izates；　sent　by　the　king　of　Parthia；　who　told　him　how　large
his　dominions　were；　as　reaching　from　the　river　Euphrates　to
Bactria；　and　enumerated　that　king's　subjects；　he　also　threatened
him　that　he　should　be　punished；　as　a　person　ungrateful　to　his
lords；　and　said　that　the　God　whom　he　worshipped　could　not　deliver
him　out　of　the　king's　hands。　When　the　messenger　had　delivered
this　his　message；　Izates　replied　that　he　knew　the　king　of
Parthia's　power　was　much　greater　than　his　own；　but　that　he　knew
also　that　God　was　much　more　powerful　than　all　men。　And　when　he
had　returned　him　this　answer；　he　betook　himself　to　make
supplication　to　God；　and　threw　himself　upon　the　ground；　and　put
ashes　upon　his　head；　in　testimony　of　his　confusion；　and　fasted；
together　with　his　wives　and　children。　（7）　Then　he　called　upon
God；　and　said；　〃O　Lord　and　Governor；　if　I　have　not　in　vain
committed　myself　to　thy　goodness；　but　have　justly　determined　that
thou　only　art　the　Lord　and　principal　of　all　beings；　come　now　to
my　assistance；　and　defend　me　from　my　enemies；　not　only　on　my　own
account；　but　on　account　of　their　insolent　behavior　with　regard　to
thy　power；　while　they　have　not　feared　to　lift　up　their　proud　and
arrogant　tongue　against　thee。〃　Thus　did　he　lament　and　bemoan
himself；　with　tears　in　his　eyes；　whereupon　God　heard　his　prayer。
And　immediately　that　very　night　Vologases　received　letters；　the
contents　of　which　were　these；　that　a　great　band　of　Dahe　and
Sacse；　despising　him；　now　he　was　gone　so　long　a　journey　from
home；　had　made　an　expedition；　and　laid　Parthis　waste；　so　that　he
＇was　forced　to＇　retire　back；　without　doing　any　thing。　And　thus　it
was　that　Izates　escaped　the　threatenings　of　the　Parthians；　by　the
providence　of　God。

3。　It　was　not　long　ere　Izates　died；　when　he　had　completed
fifty…five　years　of　his　life；　and　had　ruled　his　kingdom
twenty…four　years。　He　left　behind　him　twenty…four　sons　and
twenty…four　daughters。　However；　he　gave　order　that　his　brother
Monobazus　should　succeed　in　the　government；　thereby　requiting
him；　because；　while　he　was　himself　absent　after　their　father's
death；　he　had　faithfully　preserved　the　government　for　him。　But
when　Helena；　his　mother；　heard　of　her　son's　death；　she　was　in
great　heaviness；　as　was　but　natural；　upon　her　loss　of　such　a　most
dutiful　son；　yet　was　it　a　comfort　to　her　that　she　heard　the
succession　came　to　her　eldest　son。　Accordingly；　she　went　to　him
in　haste；　and　when　she　was　come　into　Adiabene；　she　did　not　long
outlive　her　son　Izates。　But　Monobazus　sent　her　bones；　as　well　as
those　of　Izates；　his　brother；　to　Jerusalem；　and　gave　order　that
they　should　be　buried　at　the　pyramids　（8）　which　their　mother　had
erected；　they　were　three　in　number；　and　distant　no　more　than
three　furlongs　from　the　city　Jerusalem。　But　for　the　actions　of
Monobazus　the　king；　which　he　did　during　the　rest　of　his　life。　we
will　relate　them　hereafter。…

CHAPTER　5。

Concerning　Theudas　And　The　Sons　Of　Judas　The　Galilean；　As　Also
What　Calamity　Fell　Upon　The　Jews　On　The　Day　Of　The　Passover。

1。　Now　it　came　to　pass；　while　Fadus　was　procurator　of　Judea；　that
a　certain　magician；　whose　name　was　Theudas；　（9）　persuaded　a　great
part　of　the　people　to　take　their　effects　with　them；　and　follow
him　to　the　river　Jordan；　for　he　told　them　he　was　a　prophet；　and
that　he　would；　by　his　own　command；　divide　the　river；　and　afford
them　an　easy　passage　over　it；　and　many　were　deluded　by　his　words。
However；　Fadus　did　not　permit　them　to　make　any　advantage　of　his
wild　attempt；　but　sent　a　troop　of　horsemen　out　against　them；　who；
falling　upon　them　unexpectedly；　slew　many　of　them；　and　took　many
of　them　alive。　They　also　took　Theudas　alive；　and　cut　off　his
head；　and　carried　it　to　Jerusalem。　This　was　what　befell　the　Jews
in　the　time　of　Cuspius　Fadus's　government。

2。　Then　came　Tiberius　Alexander　as　successor　to　Fadus；　he　was　the
son　of　Alexander　the　alabarch　of　Alexandria；　which　Alexander　was
a　principal　person　among　all　his　contemporaries；　both　for　his
family　and　wealth：　he　was　also　more　eminent　for　his　piety　than
this　his　son　Alexander；　for　he　did　not　continue　in　the　religion
of　his　country。　Under　these　procurators　that　great　famine
happened　in　Judea；　in　which　queen　Helena　bought　corn　in　Egypt　at
a　great　expense；　and　distributed　it　to　those　that　were　in　want；
as　I　have　related　already。　And　besides　this；　the　sons　of　Judas　of
Galilee　were　now　slain；　I　mean　of　that　Judas　who　caused　the
people　to　revolt；　when　Cyrenius　came　to　take　an　account　of　the
estates　of　the　Jews；　as　we　have　showed　in　a　foregoing　book。　The
names　of　those　sons　were　James　and　Simon；　whom　Alexander
commanded　to　be　crucified。　But　now　Herod；　king　of　Chalcis；
removed　Joseph；　the　son　of　Camydus；　from　the　high　priesthood；　and
made　Ananias；　the　son　of　Nebedeu；　his　successor。　And　now　it　was
that　Cumanus　came　as　successor　to　Tiberius　Alexander；　as　also
that　Herod；　brother　of　Agrippa　the　great　king；　departed　this
life；　in　the　eighth　year　of　the　reign　of　Claudius　Caesar。　He　left
behind　him　three　sons；　Aristobulus；　whom　he　had　by　his　first
wife；　with　Bernicianus；　and　Hyrcanus；　both　whom　he　had　by　Bernice
his　brother's　daughter。　But　Claudius　Caesar　bestowed　his
dominions　on　Agrippa；　junior。

3。　Now　while　the　Jewish　affairs　were　under　the　administration　of
Cureanus；　there　happened　a　great　tumult　at　the　city　of　Jerusalem；
and　many　of　the　Jews　perished　therein。　But　I　shall　first　explain
the　occasion　whence　it　was　derived。　When　that　feast　which　is
called　the　passover　was　at　hand；　at　which　time　our　custom　is　to
use　unleavened　bread；　and　a　great　multitude　was　gathered　together
from　all　parts　to　that　feast；　Cumanus　was　afraid　lest　some
attempt　of　innovation　should　then　be　made　by　them；　so　he　ordered
that　one　regiment　of　the　army　should　take　their　arms；　and　stand
in　the　temple　cloisters；　to　repress　any　attempts　of　innovation；
if　perchance　any　such　should　begin；　and　this　was　no　more　than
what　the　former　procurators　of　Judea　did　at　such　festivals。　But
on　the　fourth　day　of　the　feast；　a　certain　soldier　let　down　his
breeches；　and　exposed　his　privy　members　to　the　multitude；　which
put　those　that　saw　him　into　a　furious　rage；　and　made　them　cry　out
that　this　impious　action　was　not　done　to　approach　them；　but　God
himself；　nay；　some　of　them　reproached　Cumanus；　and　pretended　that
the　soldier　was　set　on　by　him；　which；　when　Cumanus　heard；　he　was
also　himself　not　a　little　provoked　at　such　reproaches　laid　upon
him；　yet　did　he　exhort　them　to　leave　off　such　seditious　attempts；
and　not　to　raise　a　tumult　at　the　festival。　But　when　he　could　not
induce　them　to　be　quiet　for　they　still　went　on　in　their
reproaches　to　him；　he　gave　order　that　the　whole　army　should　take
their　entire　armor；　and　come　to　Antonia；　which　was　a　fortress；　as
we　have　said　already；　which　overlooked　the　temple；　but　when　the
multitude　saw　the　soldiers　there；　they　were　affrighted　at　them；
and　ran　away　hastily；　but　as　the　passages　out　were　but　narrow；
and　as　they　thought　their　enemies　followed　them；　they　were
crowded　together　in　their　flight；　and　a　great　number　were　pressed
to　death　in　those　narrow　passages；　nor　indeed　was　the　number
fewer　than　twenty　thousand　that　perished　in　this　tumult。　So
instead　of　a　festival；　they　had　at　last　a　mournful　day　of　it；　and
they　all　of　them　forgot　their　prayers　and　sacrifices；　and　betook
themselves　to　lamentation　and　weeping；　so　great　an　affliction　did
the　impudent　obsceneness　of　a　single　soldier　bring　upon　them。
（10）

4。　Now　before　this　their　first　mourning　was　over；　another
mischief　befell　them　also；　for　some　of　those　that　raised　the
foregoing　tumult；　when　they　were　traveling　along　the　public　road；
about　a　hundred　furlongs　from　the　city；　robbed　Stephanus；　a
servant　of　Caesar；　as　he　was　journeying；　and　plundered　him　of　all
that　he　had　with　him；　which　things　when　Cureanus　heard　of；　he
sent　soldiers　immediately；　and　ordered　them　to　plunder　the
neighboring　villages；　and　to　bring　the　most　eminent　persons　among
them　in　bonds　to　him。　Now　as　this　dev