the antiquities of the jews-1-第277节

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fellow　confederates；　so　he　fell　upon　his　sword；　and　killed
himself；　the　wound　reaching　up　to　the　very　hilt　of　the　sword。

CHAPTER　5。

How　Claudius　Restored　To　Agrippa　His　Grandfathers　Kingdoms　And
Augmented　His　Dominions；　And　How　He　Published　An　Edict　In　Behalf。

1。　Now　when　Claudius　had　taken　out　of　the　way　all　those　soldiers
whom　he　suspected；　which　he　did　immediately；　he　published　an
edict；　and　therein　confirmed　that　kingdom　to　Agrippa　which　Caius
had　given　him；　and　therein　commended　the　king　highly。　He　also
made　all　addition　to　it　of　all　that　country　over　which　Herod；　who
was　his　grandfather；　had　reigned；　that　is；　Judea　and　Samaria；　and
this　he　restored　to　him　as　due　to　his　family。　But　for　Abila　（16）
of　Lysanias；　and　all　that　lay　at　Mount　Libanus；　he　bestowed　them
upon　him；　as　out　of　his　own　territories。　He　also　made　a　league
with　this　Agrippa；　confirmed　by　oaths；　in　the　middle　of　the
forum；　in　the　city　of　Rome：　he　also　took　away　from　Antiochus　that
kingdom　which　he　was　possessed　of；　but　gave　him　a　certain　part　of
Cilicia　and　Commagena：　he　also　set　Alexander　Lysimachus；　the
alabarch；　at　liberty；　who　had　been　his　old　friend；　and　steward　to
his　mother　Antonia；　but　had　been　imprisoned　by　Caius；　whose　son
＇Marcus＇　married　Bernice；　the　daughter　of　Agrippa。　But　when
Marcus；　Alexander's　son；　was　dead；　who　had　married　her　when　she
was　a　virgin；　Agrippa　gave　her　in　marriage　to　his　brother　Herod；
and　begged　for　him　of　Claudius　the　kingdom　of　Chalcis。

2。　Now　about　this　time　there　was　a　sedition　between　the　Jews　and
the　Greeks；　at　the　city　of　Alexandria；　for　when　Caius　was　dead；
the　nation　of　the　Jews；　which　had　been　very　much　mortified　under
the　reign　of　Caius；　and　reduced　to　very　great　distress　by　the
people　of　Alexandria；　recovered　itself；　and　immediately　took　up
their　arms　to　fight　for　themselves。　So　Claudius　sent　an　order　to
the　president　of　Egypt　to　quiet　that　tumult；　he　also　sent　an
edict；　at　the　requests　of　king　Agrippa　and　king　Herod；　both　to
Alexandria　and　to　Syria；　whose　contents　were　as　follows：
〃Tiberius　Claudius　Caesar　Augustus　Germanicus；　high　priest；　and
tribune　of　the　people；　ordains　thus：　Since　I　am　assured　that　the
Jews　of　Alexandria；　called　Alexandrians；　have　been　joint
inhabitants　in　the　earliest　times　with　the　Alexandrians；　and　have
obtained　from　their　kings　equal　privileges　with　them；　as　is
evident　by　the　public　records　that　are　in　their　possession；　and
the　edicts　themselves；　and　that　after　Alexandria　had　been
subjected　to　our　empire　by　Augustus；　their　rights　and　privileges
have　been　preserved　by　those　presidents　who　have　at　divers　times
been　sent　thither；　and　that　no　dispute　had　been　raised　about
those　rights　and　privileges；　even　when　Aquila　was　governor　of
Alexandria；　and　that　when　the　Jewish　ethnarch　was　dead；　Augustus
did　not　prohibit　the　making　such　ethnarchs；　as　willing　that　all
men　should　be　so　subject　＇to　the　Romans＇　as　to　continue　in　the
observation　of　their　own　customs；　and　not　be　forced　to　transgress
the　ancient　rules　of　their　own　country　religion；　but　that；　in　the
time　of　Caius；　the　Alexandrians　became　insolent　towards　the　Jews
that　were　among　them；　which　Caius；　out　of　his　great　madness　and
want　of　understanding；　reduced　the　nation　of　the　Jews　very　low；
because　they　would　not　transgress　the　religious　worship　of　their
country；　and　call　him　a　god：　I　will　therefore　that　the　nation　of
the　Jews　be　not　deprived　of　their　rights　and　privileges；　on
account　of　the　madness　of　Caius；　but　that　those　rights　and
privileges　which　they　formerly　enjoyed　be　preserved　to　them；　and
that　they　may　continue　in　their　own　customs。　And　I　charge　both
parties　to　take　very　great　care　that　no　troubles　may　arise　after
the　promulgation　of　this　edict。〃

3。　And　such　were　the　contents　of　this　edict　on　behalf　of　the　Jews
that　was　sent　to　Alexandria。　But　the　edict　that　was　sent　into　the
other　parts　of　the　habitable　earth　was　this　which　follows：
〃Tiberius　Claudius　Caesar　Augustus　Germanicus；　high　priest；
tribune　of　the　people；　chosen　consul　the　second　time；　ordains
thus：　Upon　the　petition　of　king　Agrippa　and　king　Herod；　who　are
persons　very　dear　to　me；　that　I　would　grant　the　same　rights　and
privileges　should　be　preserved　to　the　Jews　which　are　in　all　the
Roman　empire；　which　I　have　granted　to　those　of　Alexandria；　I　very
willingly　comply　therewith；　and　this　grant　I　make　not　only　for
the　sake　of　the　petitioners；　but　as　judging　those　Jews　for　whom　I
have　been　petitioned　worthy　of　such　a　favor；　on　account　of　their
fidelity　and　friendship　to　the　Romans。　I　think　it　also　very　just
that　no　Grecian　city　should　be　deprived　of　such　rights　and
privileges；　since　they　were　preserved　to　them　under　the　great
Augustus。　It　will　therefore　be　fit　to　permit　the　Jews；　who　are　in
all　the　world　under　us；　to　keep　their　ancient　customs　without
being　hindered　so　to　do。　And　I　do　charge　them　also　to　use　this　my
kindness　to　them　with　moderation；　and　not　to　show　a　contempt　of
the　superstitious　observances　of　other　nations；　but　to　keep　their
own　laws　only。　And　I　will　that　this　decree　of　mine　be　engraven　on
tables　by　the　magistrates　of　the　cities；　and　colonies；　and
municipal　places；　both　those　within　Italy　and　those　without　it；
both　kings　and　governors；　by　the　means　of　the　ambassadors；　and　to
have　them　exposed　to　the　public　for　full　thirty　days；　in　such　a
place　whence　it　may　plainly　be　read　from　the　ground。　（17）

CHAPTER　6。

What　Things　Were　Done　By　Agrippa　At　Jerusalem　When　He　Was
Returned　Back　Into　Judea；　And　What　It　Was　That　Petronius　Wrote　To
The　Inhabitants　Of　Doris；　In　Behalf　。

1。　Now　Claudius　Caesar；　by　these　decrees　of　his　which　were　sent
to　Alexandria；　and　to　all　the　habitable　earth；　made　known　what
opinion　he　had　of　the　Jews。　So　he　soon　sent　Agrippa　away　to　take
his　kingdom；　now　he　was　advanced　to　a　more　illustrious　dignity
than　before；　and　sent　letters　to　the　presidents　and　procurators
of　the　provinces　that　they　should　treat　him　very　kindly。
Accordingly；　he　returned　in　haste；　as　was　likely　he　would；　now
lie　returned　in　much　greater　prosperity　than　he　had　before。　He
also　came　to　Jerusalem；　and　offered　all　the　sacrifices　that
belonged　to　him；　and　omitted　nothing　which　the　law　required；　（18）
on　which　account　he　ordained　that　many　of　the　Nazarites　should
have　their　heads　shorn。　And　for　the　golden　chain　which　had　been
given　him　by　Caius；　of　equal　weight　with　that　iron　chain
wherewith　his　royal　hands　had　been　bound；　he　hung　it　up　within
the　limits　of　the　temple；　over　the　treasury；　（19）　that　it　might
be　a　memorial　of　the　severe　fate　he　had　lain　under；　and　a
testimony　of　his　change　for　the　better；　that　it　might　be　a
demonstration　how　the　greatest　prosperity　may　have　a　fall；　and
that　God　sometimes　raises　up　what　is　fallen　down：　for　this　chain
thus　dedicated　afforded　a　document　to　all　men；　that　king　Agrippa
had　been　once　bound　in　a　chain　for　a　small　cause；　but　recovered
his　former　dignity　again；　and　a　little　while　afterward　got　out　of
his　bonds；　and　was　advanced　to　be　a　more　illustrious　king　than　he
was　before。　Whence　men　may　understand　that　all　that　partake　of
human　nature；　how　great　soever　they　are；　may　fall；　and　that　those
that　fall　may　gain　their　former　illustrious　dignity　again。

2。　And　when　Agrippa　had　entirely　finished　all　the　duties　of　the
Divine　worship；　he　removed　Theophilus；　the　son　of　Ananus；　from
the　high　priesthood；　and　bestowed　that　honor　of　his　on　Simon　the
son　of　Boethus；　whose　name　was　also　Cantheras　whose　daughter　king
Herod　married；　as　I　have　related　above。　Simon；　therefore；　had　the
＇high＇　priesthood　with　his　brethren；　and　with　his　father；　in　like
manner　as　the　sons　of　Simon；　the　son　of　Onias；　who　were　three；
had　it　formerly　under　the　government　of　the　Macedonians；　as　we
have　related　in　a　former　book。

3。　When　the　king　had　settled　the　high　priesthood　after　this
manner；　he　returned　the　kindness　which　the　inhabitants　of
Jerusalem　had　showed　him；　for　he　released　them　from　the　tax　upon
houses；　every　one　of　which　paid　it　before；　thinking　it　a　good
thing　to　requite　the　tender　affection　of　those　that　loved　him。　He
also　made　Silas　the　general　of　his　forces；　as　a　man　who　had
partaken　with　him　in　many　of　his　troubles。　But　after　a　very
little　while　the　young　men　of　Doris；　preferring　a　rash　attempt
before　piety；　and　being　naturally　bold　and　insolent；　carried　a
statue　of　Caesar　into　a　synagogue　of　the　Jews；　and　erected　it
there。　This　procedure　of　theirs　greatly　provoked　Agrippa；　for　it
plainly　tended　to　the　dissolution　of　the　laws　of　his　country。　So
he　came　without　delay　to　Publius　Petronius；　who　was　then
president　of　Syria；　and　accused　the　people　of　Doris。　Nor　did　he
less　resent　what　was　done　than　did　Agrippa；　for　he　judged　it　a
piece　of　impiety　to　transgress　the　laws　that　regulate　the　actions
of　men。　So　he　wrote　the　following　letter　to　the　people　of　Doris
in　an　angry　strain：　〃Publius　Petronius；　the　president　under
Tiberius　Claudius　Caesar　Augustus　Germanicus；　to　the　magistrates
of　Doris；　ordains　as　follows：　Since　some　of　you　have　had　the
boldness；　or　madness　rather；　after　the　edict　of　Claudius　Caesar
Augustus　Germanicus　was　published；　for　permitting　the　Jews　to
observe　the　laws　of　their　country；　not　to　obey　the　same；　b