the antiquities of the jews-1-第222节

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surface；　and　a　smooth　level　also。　This　hill　was　walled　all　round；
and　in　compass　four　furlongs；　＇the　distance　of＇　each　angle
containing　in　length　a　furlong：　but　within　this　wall；　and　on　the
very　top　of　all；　there　ran　another　wall　of　stone　also；　having；　on
the　east　quarter；　a　double　cloister；　of　the　same　length　with　the
wall；　in　the　midst　of　which　was　the　temple　itself。　This　cloister
looked　to　the　gates　of　the　temple；　and　it　had　been　adorned　by
many　kings　in　former　times；　and　round　about　the　entire　temple
were　fixed　the　spoils　taken　from　barbarous　nations；　all　these　had
been　dedicated　to　the　temple　by　Herod；　with　the　addition　of　those
he　had　taken　from　the　Arabians。

4。　Now　on　the　north　side　＇of　the　temple＇　was　built　a　citadel；
whose　walls　were　square；　and　strong；　and　of　extraordinary
firmness。　This　citadel　was　built　by　the　kings　of　the　Asamonean
race；　who　were　also　high　priests　before　Herod；　and　they　called　it
the　Tower；　in　which　were　reposited　the　vestments　of　the　high
priest；　which　the　high　priest　only　put　on　at　the　time　when　he　was
to　offer　sacrifice。　These　vestments　king　Herod　kept　in　that
place；　and　after　his　death　they　were　under　the　power　of　the
Romans；　until　the　time　of　Tiberius　Caesar；　under　whose　reign
Vitellius；　the　president　of　Syria；　when　he　once　came　to
Jerusalem；　and　had　been　most　magnificently　received　by　the
multitude；　he　had　a　mind　to　make　them　some　requital　for　the
kindness　they　had　shewn　him；　so；　upon　their　petition　to　have
those　holy　vestments　in　their　own　power；　he　wrote　about　them　to
Tiberius　Caesar；　who　granted　his　request：　and　this　their　power
over　the　sacerdotal　vestments　continued　with　the　Jews　till　the
death　of　king　Agrippa；　but　after　that；　Cassius　Longinus；　who　was
president　of　Syria；　and　Cuspius　Fadus；　who　was　procurator　of
Judea；　enjoined　the　Jews　to　reposit　those　vestments　in　the　tower
of　Antonia；　for　that　they　ought　to　have　them　in　their　power；　as
they　formerly　had。　However；　the　Jews　sent　ambassadors　to　Claudius
Caesar；　to　intercede　with　him　for　them；　upon　whose　coming；　king
Agrippa；　junior；　being　then　at　Rome；　asked　for　and　obtained　the
power　over　them　from　the　emperor；　who　gave　command　to　Vitellius；
who　was　then　commander　in　Syria；　to　give　it　them　accordingly。
Before　that　time　they　were　kept　under　the　seal　of　the　high
priest；　and　of　the　treasurers　of　the　temple；　which　treasurers；
the　day　before　a　festival；　went　up　to　the　Roman　captain　of　the
temple　guards；　and　viewed　their　own　seal；　and　received　the
vestments；　and　again；　when　the　festival　was　over；　they　brought　it
to　the　same　place；　and　showed　the　captain　of　the　temple　guards
their　seal；　which　corresponded　with　his　seal；　and　reposited　them
there。　And　that　these　things　were　so；　the　afflictions　that
happened　to　us　afterwards　＇about　them＇　are　sufficient　evidence。
But　for　the　tower　itself；　when　Herod　the　king　of　the　Jews　had
fortified　it　more　firmly　than　before；　in　order　to　secure　and
guard　the　temple；　he　gratified　Antonius；　who　was　his　friend；　and
the　Roman　ruler；　and　then　gave　it　the　name　of　the　Tower　of
Antonia。

5。　Now　in　the　western　quarters　of　the　enclosure　of　the　temple
there　were　four　gates；　the　first　led　to　the　king's　palace；　and
went　to　a　passage　over　the　intermediate　valley；　two　more　led　to
the　suburbs　of　the　city；　and　the　last　led　to　the　other　city；
where　the　road　descended　down　into　the　valley　by　a　great　number
of　steps；　and　thence　up　again　by　the　ascent　for　the　city　lay　over
against　the　temple　in　the　manner　of　a　theater；　and　was
encompassed　with　a　deep　valley　along　the　entire　south　quarter；
but　the　fourth　front　of　the　temple；　which　was　southward；　had
indeed　itself　gates　in　its　middle；　as　also　it　had　the　royal
cloisters；　with　three　walks；　which　reached　in　length　from　the
east　valley　unto　that　on　the　west；　for　it　was　impossible　it
should　reach　any　farther：　and　this　cloister　deserves　to　be
mentioned　better　than　any　other　under　the　sun；　for　while　the
valley　was　very　deep；　and　its　bottom　could　not　be　seen；　if　you
looked　from　above　into　the　depth；　this　further　vastly　high
elevation　of　the　cloister　stood　upon　that　height；　insomuch　that
if　any　one　looked　down　from　the　top　of　the　battlements；　or　down
both　those　altitudes；　he　would　be　giddy；　while　his　sight　could
not　reach　to　such　an　immense　depth。　This　cloister　had　pillars
that　stood　in　four　rows　one　over　against　the　other　all　along；　for
the　fourth　row　was　interwoven　into　the　wall；　which　＇also　was
built　of　stone＇；　and　the　thickness　of　each　pillar　was　such；　that
three　men　might；　with　their　arms　extended；　fathom　it　round；　and
join　their　hands　again；　while　its　length　was　twenty…seven　feet；
with　a　double　spiral　at　its　basis；　and　the　number　of　all　the
pillars　＇in　that　court＇　was　a　hundred　and　sixty…two。　Their
chapiters　were　made　with　sculptures　after　the　Corinthian　order；
and　caused　an　amazement　＇to　the　spectators＇；　by　reason　of　the
grandeur　of　the　whole。　These　four　rows　of　pillars　included　three
intervals　for　walking　in　the　middle　of　this　cloister；　two　of
which　walks　were　made　parallel　to　each　other；　and　were　contrived
after　the　same　manner；　the　breadth　of　each　of　them　was　thirty
feet；　the　length　was　a　furlong；　and　the　height　fifty　feet；　but
the　breadth　of　the　middle　part　of　the　cloister　was　one　and　a　half
of　the　other；　and　the　height　was　double；　for　it　was　much　higher
than　those　on　each　side；　but　the　roofs　were　adorned　with　deep
sculptures　in　wood；　representing　many　sorts　of　figures。　The
middle　was　much　higher　than　the　rest；　and　the　wall　of　the　front
was　adorned　with　beams；　resting　upon　pillars；　that　were
interwoven　into　it；　and　that　front　was　all　of　polished　stone；
insomuch　that　its　fineness；　to　such　as　had　not　seen　it；　was
incredible；　and　to　such　as　had　seen　it；　was　greatly　amazing。　Thus
was　the　first　enclosure。　In　the　midst　of　which；　and　not　far　from
it；　was　the　second；　to　be　gone　up　to　by　a　few　steps：　this　was
encompassed　by　a　stone　wall　for　a　partition；　with　an　inscription；
which　forbade　any　foreigner　to　go　in　under　pain　of　death。　Now
this　inner　enclosure　had　on　its　southern　and　northern　quarters
three　gates　＇equally＇　distant　one　from　another；　but　on　the　east
quarter；　towards　the　sun…rising；　there　was　one　large　gate；
through　which　such　as　were　pure　came　in；　together　with　their
wives；　but　the　temple　further　inward　in　that　gate　was　not　allowed
to　the　women；　but　still　more　inward　was　there　a　third　＇court　of
the＇　temple；　whereinto　it　was　not　lawful　for　any　but　the　priests
alone　to　enter。　The　temple　itself　was　within　this；　and　before
that　temple　was　the　altar；　upon　which　we　offer　our　sacrifices　and
burnt…offerings　to　God。　Into　none　of　these　three　did　king　Herod
enter；　（24）　for　he　was　forbidden；　because　he　was　not　a　priest。
However；　he　took　care　of　the　cloisters　and　the　outer　enclosures；
and　these　he　built　in　eight　years。

6。　But　the　temple　itself　was　built　by　the　priests　in　a　year　and
six　months；　upon　which　all　the　people　were　full　of　joy；　and
presently　they　returned　thanks；　in　the　first　place；　to　God；　and
in　the　next　place；　for　the　alacrity　the　king　had　showed。　They
feasted　and　celebrated　this　rebuilding　of　the　temple：　and　for　the
king；　he　sacrificed　three　hundred　oxen　to　God；　as　did　the　rest
every　one　according　to　his　ability；　the　number　of　which
sacrifices　is　not　possible　to　set　down；　for　it　cannot　be　that　we
should　truly　relate　it；　for　at　the　same　time　with　this
celebration　for　the　work　about　the　temple　fell　also　the　day　of
the　king's　inauguration；　which　he　kept　of　an　old　custom　as　a
festival；　and　it　now　coincided　with　the　other；　which　coincidence
of　them　both　made　the　festival　most　illustrious。

7。　There　was　also　an　occult　passage　built　for　the　king；　it　led
from　Antonia　to　the　inner　temple；　at　its　eastern　gate；　over　which
he　also　erected　for　himself　a　tower；　that　he　might　have　the
opportunity　of　a　subterraneous　ascent　to　the　temple；　in　order　to
guard　against　any　sedition　which　might　be　made　by　the　people
against　their　kings。　It　is　also　reported；　（25）　that　during　the
time　that　the　temple　was　building；　it　did　not　rain　in　the
daytime；　but　that　the　showers　fell　in　the　nights；　so　that　the
work　was　not　hindered。　And　this　our　fathers　have　delivered　to　us；
nor　is　it　incredible；　if　any　one　have　regard　to　the
manifestations　of　God。　And　thus　was　performed　the　work　of　the
rebuilding　of　the　temple。　

BOOK　XVI。

Containing　The　Interval　Of　Twelve　Years。

From　The　Finishing　Of　The　Temple　By　Herod　To　The　Death　Of
Alexander　And　Aristobulus。

CHAPTER　1。

A　Law　Of　Herod's　About；　Thieves。　Salome　And　Pheroras　Calumniate
Alexander　And　Aristobulus；　Upon　Their　Return　From　Rome　For　Whom
Yet　Herod　Provides　Wives。

1。　As　king　Herod　was　very　zealous　in　the　administration　of　his
entire　government；　and　desirous　to　put　a　stop　to　particular　acts
of　injustice　which　were　done　by　criminals　about　the　city　and
country；　he　made　a　law；　no　way　like　our　original　laws；　and　which
he　enacted　of　himself；　to　expose　house…breakers　to　be　ejected　out
of　his　kingdom；　which　punishment　was　not　only　grievous　to　be
borne　by　the　offenders；　but　contained　in　it　a　dissolution　of　the
customs　of　our　forefathers；　for　this　slavery　to　foreigners；　and
such　as　did　not　live　after　the　manner　of　Jews；　and　this