the antiquities of the jews-1-第192节

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Parthian　deserters；　and　came　to　him；　though　the　report　went
abroad　that　they　had　run　away　from　him。　And　when　Gabinius　had
performed　great　and　glorious　actions；　in　his　management　of　the
affairs　of　war；　he　returned　to　Rome；　and　delivered　the　government
to　Crassus。　Now　Nicolaus　of　Damascus；　and　Strabo　of　Cappadocia；
both　describe　the　expeditions　of　Pompey　and　Gabinius　against　the
Jews；　while　neither　of　them　say　anything　new　which　is　not　in　the
other。

CHAPTER　7。

How　Crassus　Came　Into　Judea；　And　Pillaged　The　Temple；　And　Then
Marched　Against　The　Parthians　And　Perished；　With　His　Army。　Also
How　Cassius　Obtained　Syria；　And　Put　A　Stop　To　The　Parthians　And
Then　Went　Up　To　Judea。

1。　Now　Crassus；　as　he　was　going　upon　his　expedition　against　the
Parthians；　came　into　Judea；　and　carried　off　the　money　that　was　in
the　temple；　which　Pompey　had　left；　being　two　thousand　talents；
and　was　disposed　to　spoil　it　of　all　the　gold　belonging　to　it；
which　was　eight　thousand　talents。　He　also　took　a　beam；　which　was
made　of　solid　beaten　gold；　of　the　weight　of　three　hundred　minae；
each　of　which　weighed　two　pounds　and　a　half。　It　was　the　priest
who　was　guardian　of　the　sacred　treasures；　and　whose　name　was
Eleazar；　that　gave　him　this　beam；　not　out　of　a　wicked　design；　for
he　was　a　good　and　a　righteous　man；　but　being　intrusted　with　the
custody　of　the　veils　belonging　to　the　temple；　which　were　of
admirable　beauty；　and　of　very　costly　workmanship；　and　hung　down
from　this　beam；　when　lie　saw　that　Crassus　was　busy　in　gathering
money；　and　was　in　fear　for　the　entire　ornaments　of　the　temple；　he
gave　him　this　beam　of　gold　as　a　ransom　for　the　whole；　but　this
not　till　he　had　given　his　oath　that　he　would　remove　nothing　else
out　of　the　temple；　but　be　satisfied　with　this　only；　which　he
should　give　him；　being　worth　many　ten　thousand　＇shekels＇。　Now
this　beam　was　contained　in　a　wooden　beam　that　was　hollow；　but　was
known　to　no　others；　but　Eleazar　alone　knew　it；　yet　did　Crassus
take　away　this　beam；　upon　the　condition　of　touching　nothing　else
that　belonged　to　the　temple；　and　then　brake　his　oath；　and　carried
away　all　the　gold　that　was　in　the　temple。

2。　And　let　no　one　wonder　that　there　was　so　much　wealth　in　our
temple；　since　all　the　Jews　throughout　the　habitable　earth；　and
those　that　worshipped　God；　nay；　even　those　of　Asia　and　Europe；
sent　their　contributions　to　it；　and　this　from　very　ancient　times。
Nor　is　the　largeness　of　these　sums　without　its　attestation；　nor
is　that　greatness　owing　to　our　vanity；　as　raising　it　without
ground　to　so　great　a　height；　but　there　are　many　witnesses　to　it；
and　particularly　Strabo　of　Cappadocia；　who　says　thus：
〃Mithridates　sent　to　Cos；　and　took　the　money　which　queen
Cleopatra　had　deposited　there；　as　also　eight　hundred　talents
belonging　to　the　Jews。〃　Now　we　have　no　public　money　but　only　what
appertains　to　God；　and　it　is　evident　that　the　Asian　Jews　removed
this　money　out　of　fear　of　Mithridates；　for　it　is　not　probable
that　those　of　Judea；　who　had　a　strong　city　and　temple；　should
send　their　money　to　Cos；　nor　is　it　likely　that　the　Jews　who　are
inhabitants　of　Alexandria　should　do　so　neither；　since　they　were
ill　no　fear　of　Mithridates。　And　Strabo　himself　bears　witness　to
the　same　thing　in　another　place；　that　at　the　same　time　that　Sylla
passed　over　into　Greece；　in　order　to　fight　against　Mithridates；
he　sent　Lucullus　to　put　an　end　to　a　sedition　that　our　nation；　of
whom　the　habitable　earth　is　full；　had　raised　in　Cyrene；　where　he
speaks　thus：　〃There　were　four　classes　of　men　among　those　of
Cyrene；　that　of　citizens；　that　of　husbandmen；　the　third　of
strangers；　and　the　fourth　of　Jews。　Now　these　Jews　are　already
gotten　into　all　cities；　and　it　is　hard　to　find　a　place　in　the
habitable　earth　that　hath　not　admitted　this　tribe　of　men；　and　is
not　possessed　by　them；　and　it　hath　come　to　pass　that　Egypt　and
Cyrene；　as　having　the　same　governors；　and　a　great　number　of　other
nations；　imitate　their　way　of　living；　and　maintain　great　bodies
of　these　Jews　in　a　peculiar　manner；　and　grow　up　to　greater
prosperity　with　them；　and　make　use　of　the　same　laws　with　that
nation　also。　Accordingly；　the　Jews　have　places　assigned　them　in
Egypt；　wherein　they　inhabit；　besides　what　is　peculiarly　allotted
to　this　nation　at　Alexandria；　which　is　a　large　part　of　that　city。
There　is　also　an　ethnarch　allowed　them；　who　governs　the　nation；
and　distributes　justice　to　them；　and　takes　care　of　their
contracts；　and　of　the　laws　to　them　belonging；　as　if　he　were　the
ruler　of　a　free　republic。　In　Egypt；　therefore；　this　nation　is
powerful；　because　the　Jews　were　originally　Egyptians；　and　because
the　land　wherein　they　inhabit；　since　they　went　thence；　is　near　to
Egypt。　They　also　removed　into　Cyrene；　because　that　this　land
adjoined　to　the　government　of　Egypt；　as　well　as　does　Judea；　or
rather　was　formerly　under　the　same　government。〃　And　this　is　what
Strabo　says。

3。　So　when　Crassus　had　settled　all　things　as　he　himself　pleased；
he　marched　into　Parthia；　where　both　he　himself　and　all　his　army
perished；　as　hath　been　related　elsewhere。　But　Cassius；　as　he　fled
from　Rome　to　Syria；　took　possession　of　it；　and　was　an　impediment
to　the　Parthians；　who　by　reason　of　their　victory　over　Crassus
made　incursions　upon　it。　And　as　he　came　back　to　Tyre；　he　went　up
into　Judea　also；　and　fell　upon　Tarichee；　and　presently　took　it；
and　carried　about　thirty　thousand　Jews　captives；　and　slew
Pitholaus；　who　succeeded　Aristobulus　in　his　seditious　practices；
and　that　by　the　persuasion　of　Antipater；　who　proved　to　have　great
interest　in　him；　and　was　at　that　time　in　great　repute　with　the
Idumeans　also：　out　of　which　nation　he　married　a　wife；　who　was　the
daughter　of　one　of　their　eminent　men；　and　her　name　was　Cypros；
（12）　by　whom　he　had　four　sons；　Phasael；　and　Herod；　who　was
afterwards　made　king；　and　Joseph；　and　Pheroras；　and　a　daughter；
named　Salome。　This　Antipater　cultivated　also　a　friendship　and
mutual　kindness　with　other　potentates；　but　especially　with　the
king　of　Arabia；　to　whom　he　committed　his　children；　while　he
fought　against　Aristobulus。　So　Cassius　removed　his　camp；　and
marched　to　Euphrates；　to　meet　those　that　were　coming　to　attack
him；　as　hath　been　related　by　others。

4。　But　some　time　afterward　Cesar；　when　he　had　taken　Rome；　and
after　Pompey　and　the　senate　were　fled　beyond　the　Ionian　Sea；
freed　Aristobulus　from　his　bonds；　and　resolved　to　send　him　into
Syria；　and　delivered　two　legions　to　him；　that　he　might　set
matters　right；　as　being　a　potent　man　in　that　country。　But
Aristobulus　had　no　enjoyment　of　what　he　hoped　for　from　the　power
that　was　given　him　by　Cesar；　for　those　of　Pompey's　party
prevented　it；　and　destroyed　him　by　poison；　and　those　of　Caesar's
party　buried　him。　His　dead　body　also　lay；　for　a　good　while；
embalmed　in　honey；　till　Antony　afterward　sent　it　to　Judea；　and
caused　him　to　be　buried　in　the　royal　sepulcher。　But　Scipio；　upon
Pompey's　sending　to　him　to　slay　Alexander；　the　son　of
Aristobulus；　because　the　young　man　was　accused　of　what　offenses
he　had　been　guilty　of　at　first　against　the　Romans；　cut　off　his
head；　and　thus　did　he　die　at　Antioch。　But　Ptolemy；　the　son　of
Menneus；　who　was　the　ruler　of　Chalcis；　under　Mount　Libanus；　took
his　brethren　to　him；　and　sent　his　son　Philippion　to　Askelon　to
Aristobulus's　wife；　and　desired　her　to　send　back　with　him　her　son
Antigonus；　and　her　daughters；　the　one　of　which；　whose　name　was
Alexandra；　Philippion　fell　in　love　with；　and　married　her；　though
afterward　his　father　Ptolemy　slew　him；　and　married　Alexandra；　and
continued　to　take　care　of　her　brethren。

CHAPTER　8。

The　Jews　Become　Confederates　With　Caesar　When　He　Fought　Against
Egypt。　The　Glorious　Actions　Of　Antipater；　And　His　Friendship　With
Caesar。　The　Honors　Which　The　Jews　Received　From　The　Romans　And
Athenians。

1。　Now　after　Pompey　was　dead；　and　after　that　victory　Caesar　had
gained　over　him；　Antipater；　who　managed　the　Jewish　affairs；
became　very　useful　to　Caesar　when　he　made　war　against　Egypt；　and
that　by　the　order　of　Hyrcanus；　for　when　Mithridates　of　Pergainus
was　bringing　his　auxiliaries；　and　was　not　able　to　continue　his
march　through　Pelusium；　but　obliged　to　stay　at　Askelon；　Antipater
came　to　him；　conducting　three　thousand　of　the　Jews；　armed　men。　He
had　also　taken　care　the　principal　men　of　the　Arabians　should　come
to　his　assistance；　and　on　his　account　it　was　that　all　the　Syrians
assisted　him　also；　as　not　willing　to　appear　behindhand　in　their
alacrity　for　Cesar；　viz。　Jamblicus　the　ruler；　and　Ptolemy　his
son；　and　Tholomy　the　son　of　Sohemus；　who　dwelt　at　Mount　Libanus；
and　almost　all　the　cities。　So　Mithridates　marched　out　of　Syria；
and　came　to　Pelusium；　and　when　its　inhabitants　would　not　admit
him；　he　besieged　the　city。　Now　Antipater　signalized　himself　here；
and　was　the　first　who　plucked　down　a　part　of　the　wall；　and　so
opened　a　way　to　the　rest；　whereby　they　might　enter　the　city；　and
by　this　means　Pelusium　was　taken。　But　it　happened　that　the
Egyptian　Jews；　who　dwelt　in　the　country　called　Onion；　would　not
let　Antipater　and　Mithridates；　with　their　soldiers；　pass　to
Caesar；　but　Antipater　persuaded　them　to　come　over　with　their
party；　because　he　was　of　the　same　people　with　them；　and　that
chiefly　by　showing　them　the　epistles　of　H