memoirs of general william t. sherman-1-第65节
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oke； threw away their muskets； and fled。 The ground was admirably adapted for a defense of infantry against cavalry； being miry and covered with fallen timber。
As the regiment of infantry broke； Dickey's Cavalry began to discharge their carbines； and fell into disorder。 I instantly sent orders to the rear for the brigade to form line of battle； which was promptly executed。 The broken infantry and cavalry rallied on this line； and； as the enemy's cavalry came to it； our cavalry in turn charged and drove them from the field。 I advanced the entire brigade over the same ground and sent Colonel Dickey's cavalry a mile farther on the road。 On examining the ground which had been occupied by the Seventy…seventh Ohio； we found fifteen of our men dead and about twenty…five wounded。 I sent for wagons and had all the wounded carried back to camp； and caused the dead to be buried； also the whole rebel camp to be destroyed。
Here we found much ammunition for field…pieces； which was destroyed； also two caissons； and a general hospital； with about two hundred and eighty Confederate wounded； and about fifty of our own wounded men。 Not having the means of bringing them off； Colonel Dickey； by my orders； took a surrender； signed by the medical director （Lyle） and by all the attending surgeons； and a pledge to report themselves to you as prisoners of war； also a pledge that our wounded should be carefully attended to； and surrendered to us to…morrow as soon as ambulances could go out。 I inclose this written document； and request that you cause wagons or ambulances for our wounded to be sent to…morrow； and that wagons' be sent to bring in the many tents belonging to us which are pitched along the road for four miles out。 I did not destroy them； because I knew the enemy could not move them。 The roads are very bad； and are strewed with abandoned wagons； ambulances； and limber…boxes。 The enemy has succeeded in carrying off the guns； but has crippled his batteries by abandoning the hind limber…boxes of at least twenty caissons。 I am satisfied the enemy's infantry and artillery passed Lick Creek this morning； traveling all of last night； and that he left to his rear all his cavalry； which has protected his retreat； but signs of confusion and disorder mark the whole road。 The check sustained by us at the fallen timber delayed our advance； so that night came upon us before the wounded were provided for and the dead buried； and our troops being fagged out by three days' hard fighting； exposure； and privation； I ordered them back to their camps； where they now are。
I have the honor to be； your obedient servant；
W。T。 SHERMAN Brigadier…General commanding Division。
General Grant did not make an official report of the battle of Shiloh； but all its incidents and events were covered by the reports of division commanders and Subordinates。 Probably no single battle of the war gave rise to such wild and damaging reports。 It was publicly asserted at the North that our army was taken completely by surprise； that the rebels caught us in our tents； bayoneted the men in their beds； that General Grant was drunk； that Buell's opportune arrival saved the Army of the Tennessee from utter annihilation； etc。 These reports were in a measure sustained by the published opinions of Generals Buell； Nelson； and others； who had reached the steamboat…landing from the east； just before nightfall of the 6th； when there was a large crowd of frightened； stampeded men； who clamored and declared that our army was all destroyed and beaten。 Personally I saw General Grant； who with his staff visited me about 10 a。m。 of the 6th； when we were desperately engaged。 But we had checked the headlong assault of our enemy； and then held our ground。 This gave him great satisfaction； and he told me that things did not look as well over on the left。 He also told me that on his way up from Savannah that morning he had stopped at Crump's Landing； and had ordered Lew Wallace's division to cross over Snake Creek； so as to come up on my right； telling me to look out for him。 He came again just before dark； and described the last assault made by the rebels at the ravine； near the steamboat…landing； which he had repelled by a heavy battery collected under Colonel J。 D。 Webster and other officers； and he was convinced that the battle was over for that day。 He ordered me to be ready to assume the offensive in the morning； saying that； as he had observed at Fort Donelson at the crisis of the battle； both sides seemed defeated； and whoever assumed the offensive was sure to win。 General Grant also explained to me that General Buell had reached the bank of the Tennessee River opposite Pittsburg Landing； and was in the act of ferrying his troops across at the time he was speaking to me。
About half an hour afterward General Buell himself rode up to where I was； accompanied by Colonels Fry； Michler； and others of his staff。 I was dismounted at the time； and General Buell made of me a good many significant inquiries about matters and things generally。 By the aid of a manuscript map made by myself； I pointed out to him our positions as they had been in the morning； and our then positions； I also explained that my right then covered the bridge over Snake Creek by which we had all day been expecting Lew Wallace； that McClernand was on my left； Hurlbut on his left； and so on。 But Buell said he had come up from the landing； and had not seen our men； of whose existence in fact he seemed to doubt。 I insisted that I had five thousand good men still left in line； and thought that MeClernand had as many more； and that with what was left of Hurlbut's； W。 H。 L。 Wallace's； and Prentiss's divisions； we ought to have eighteen thousand men fit for battle。 I reckoned that ten thousand of our men were dead； wounded； or prisoners； and that the enemy's loss could not be mach less。 Buell said that Nelson's； MeCook's； and Crittendens divisions of his army； containing eighteen thousand men； had arrived and could cross over in the night； and be ready for the next day's battle。 I argued that with these reenforcements we could sweep the field。 Buell seemed to mistrust us； and repeatedly said that he did not like the looks of things； especially about the boat…landing；and I really feared he would not cross over his army that night； lest he should become involved in our general disaster。 He did not； of course； understand the shape of the ground； and asked me for the use of my map； which I lent him on the promise that he would return it。 He handed it to Major Michler to have it copied； and the original returned to me； which Michler did two or three days after the battle。 Buell did cross over that night； and the next day we assumed the offensive and swept the field； thus gaining the battle decisively。 Nevertheless； the controversy was started and kept up； mostly to the personal prejudice of General Grant； who as usual maintained an imperturbable silence。
After the battle； a constant stream of civilian surgeons； and sanitary commission agents； men and women； came up the Tennessee to bring relief to the thousands of maimed and wounded soldiers for whom we had imperfect means of shelter and care。 These people caught up the camp…stories； which on their return home they retailed through their local papers； usually elevating their own neighbors into heroes； but decrying all others： Among them was Lieutenant…Governor Stanton； of Ohio； who published in Belfontaine； Ohio； a most abusive article about General Grant and his subordinate generals。 As General Grant did not and would not take up the cudgels； I did so。 My letter in reply to Stanton； dated June 10； 1862； was published in the Cincinnati Commercial soon after its date。 To this Lieutenant…Governor Stanton replied； and I further rejoined in a letter dated July 12； 1862。 These letters are too personal to be revived。 By this time the good people of the North had begun to have their eyes opened； and to give us in the field more faith and support。 Stanton was never again elected to any public office； and was commonly spoken of as 〃the late Mr。 Stanton。〃 He is now dead； and I doubt not in life he often regretted his mistake in attempting to gain popular fame by abusing the army…leaders； then as now an easy and favorite mode of gaining notoriety； if not popularity。 Of course； subsequent events gave General Grant and most of the other actors in that battle their appropriate place in history； but the danger of sudden popular clamors is well illustrated by this case。
Tho battle of Shiloh； or Pittsburg Landing； was one of the most fiercely contested of the war。 On the morning of April 6； 1862； the five divisions of McClernand； Prentiss； Hurlbut； W。 H。 L。 Wallace； and Sherman； aggregated about thirty…two thousand men。 We had no intrenchments of any sort； on the theory that as soon as Buell arrived we would march to Corinth to attack the enemy。 The rebel army； commanded by General Albert Sidney Johnston； was； according to their own reports and admissions； forty…five thousand strong； had the momentum of attack； and beyond all question fought skillfully from early morning till about 2 a。m。； when their commander…in…chief was killed by a Mini…ball in the calf o
