up from slavery-第37节
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of his people。〃 When Mr。 Washington rose in the flag…filled； enthusiasm…warmed； patriotic； and glowing atmosphere of Music Hall； people felt keenly that here was the civic justification of the old abolition spirit of Massachusetts； in his person the proof of her ancient and indomitable faith； in his strong through and rich oratory； the crown and glory of the old war days of suffering and strife。 The scene was full of historic beauty and deep significance。 〃Cold〃 Boston was alive with the fire that is always hot in her heart for righteousness and truth。 Rows and rows of people who are seldom seen at any public function； whole families of those who are certain to be out of town on a holiday； crowded the place to overflowing。 The city was at her birthright fete in the persons of hundreds of her best citizens； men and women whose names and lives stand for the virtues that make for honourable civic pride。
Battle…music had filled the air。 Ovation after ovation； applause warm and prolonged； had greeted the officers and friends of Colonel Shaw； the sculptor； St。 Gaudens； the memorial Committee； the Governor and his staff； and the Negro soldiers of the Fifty…fourth Massachusetts as they came upon the platform or entered the hall。 Colonel Henry Lee； of Governor Andrew's old staff； had made a noble； simple presentation speech for the committee； paying tribute to Mr。 John M。 Forbes； in whose stead he served。 Governor Wolcott had made his short； memorable speech； saying； 〃Fort Wagner marked an epoch in the history of a race； and called it into manhood。〃 Mayor Quincy had received the monument for the city of Boston。 The story of Colonel Shaw and his black regiment had been told in gallant words； and then； after the singing of
Mine eyes have seen the glory Of the coming of the Lord；
Booker Washington arose。 It was； of course； just the moment for him。 The multitude； shaken out of its usual symphony…concert calm； quivered with an excitement that was not suppressed。 A dozen times it had sprung to its feet to cheer and wave and hurrah； as one person。 When this man of culture and voice and power； as well as a dark skin； began； and uttered the names of Stearns and of Andrew； feeling began to mount。 You could see tears glisten in the eyes of soldiers and civilians。 When the orator turned to the coloured soldiers on the platform； to the colour…bearer of Fort Wagner； who smilingly bore still the flag he had never lowered even when wounded； and said； 〃To you； to the scarred and scattered remnants of the Fifty…fourth； who； with empty sleeve and wanting leg； have honoured this occasion with your presence； to you； your commander is not dead。 Though Boston erected no monument and history recorded no story； in you and in the loyal race which you represent； Robert Gould Shaw would have a monument which time could not wear away；〃 then came the climax of the emotion of the day and the hour。 It was Roger Wolcott； as well as the Governor of Massachusetts； the individual representative of the people's sympathy as well as the chief magistrate； who had sprung first to his feet and cried； 〃Three cheers to Booker T。 Washington！〃
Among those on the platform was Sergeant William H。 Carney； of New Bedford； Mass。； the brave coloured officer who was the colour…bearer at Fort Wagner and held the American flag。 In spite of the fact that a large part of his regiment was killed； he escape； and exclaimed； after the battle was over； 〃The old flag never touched the ground。〃
This flag Sergeant Carney held in his hands as he sat on the platform； and when I turned to address the survivors of the coloured regiment who were present； and referred to Sergeant Carney； he rose； as if by instinct； and raised the flag。 It has been my privilege to witness a good many satisfactory and rather sensational demonstrations in connection with some of my public addresses； but in dramatic effect I have never seen or experienced anything which equalled this。 For a number of minutes the audience seemed to entirely lose control of itself。
In the general rejoicing throughout the country which followed the close of the Spanish…American war； peace celebrations were arranged in several of the large cities。 I was asked by President William R。 Harper； of the University of Chicago； who was chairman of the committee of invitations for the celebration to be held in the city of Chicago； to deliver one of the addresses at the celebration there。 I accepted the invitation； and delivered two addresses there during the Jubilee week。 The first of these； and the principal one； was given in the Auditorium； on the evening of Sunday； October 16。 This was the largest audience that I have ever addressed； in any part of the country； and besides speaking in the main Auditorium； I also addressed； that same evening； two overflow audiences in other parts of the city。
It was said that there were sixteen thousand persons in the Auditorium； and it seemed to me as if there were as many more on the outside trying to get in。 It was impossible for any one to get near the entrance without the aid of a policeman。 President William McKinley attended this meeting； as did also the members of his Cabinet； many foreign ministers； and a large number of army and navy officers； many of whom had distinguished themselves in the war which had just closed。 The speakers； besides myself； on Sunday evening； were Rabbi Emil G。 Hirsch； Father Thomas P。 Hodnett； and Dr。 John H。 Barrows。
The Chicago Times…Herald； in describing the meeting； said of my address：
He pictured the Negro choosing slavery rather than extinction； recalled Crispus Attucks shedding his blood at the beginning of the American Revolution； that white Americans might be free； while black Americans remained in slavery； rehearsed the conduct of the Negroes with Jackson at New Orleans； drew a vivid and pathetic picture of the Southern slaves protecting and supporting the families of their masters while the latter were fighting to perpetuate black slavery； recounted the bravery of coloured troops at Port Hudson and Forts Wagner and Pillow； and praised the heroism of the black regiments that stormed El Caney and Santiago to give freedom to the enslaved people of Cuba； forgetting； for the time being； the unjust discrimination that law and custom make against them in their own country。
In all of these things； the speaker declared； his race had chosen the better part。 And then he made his eloquent appeal to the consciences of the white Americans： 〃When you have gotten the full story or the heroic conduct of the Negro in the Spanish…American war； have heard it from the lips of Northern soldier and Southern soldier； from ex…abolitionist and ex…masters； then decide within yourselves whether a race that is thus willing to die for its country should not be given the highest opportunity to live for its country。〃
The part of the speech which seems to arouse the wildest and most sensational enthusiasm was that in which I thanked the President for his recognition of the Negro in his appointments during the Spanish…American war。 The President was sitting in a box at the right of the stage。 When I addressed him I turned toward the box； and as I finished the sentence thanking him for his generosity； the whole audience rose and cheered again and again； waving handkerchiefs and hats and canes； until the President arose in the box and bowed his acknowledgements。 At that the enthusiasm broke out again； and the demonstration was almost indescribable。
One portion of my address at Chicago seemed to have been misunderstood by the Southern press； and some of the Southern papers took occasion to criticise me rather strongly。 These criticisms continued for several weeks； until I finally received a letter from the editor of the Age…Herald； published in Birmingham； Ala。； asking me if I would say just what I meant by this part of the address。 I replied to him in a letter which seemed to satisfy my critics。 In this letter I said that I had made it a rule never to say before a Northern audience anything that I would not say before an audience in the South。 I said that I did not think it was necessary for me to go into extended explanations； if my seventeen years of work in the heart of the South had not been explanation enough； I did not see how words could explain。 I said that I made the same plea that I had made in my address at Atlanta； for the blotting out of race prejudice in 〃commercial and civil relations。〃 I said that what is termed social recognition was a question which I never discussed； and then I quoted from my Atlanta address what I had said there in regard to that subject。
In meeting crowds of people at public gatherings； there is one type of individual that I dread。 I mean the crank。 I have become so accustomed to these people now that I can pick them out at a distance when I see them elbowing their way up to me。 The average crank has a long beard； poorly cared for； a lean； narrow face； and wears a black coat。 The front of his vest and coat are slick with grease； and his trousers bag at the knees。
In Chicago； after I had spoken at a meeting； I met one of these fellows。 They usually have some process for curing all of the ills of the world at once。 This Chicago specimen ha
