historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及18准
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
working out the beast�察�And let the ape and tiger die。
But to return。 Down among them there at Montpellier�察 �like a
brilliant meteor�察�flashed this wonderful Rabelais�察�in the year 1530。 He had
fled�察�some say�察�for his life。 Like Erasmus�察�he had no mind to be a martyr�察�
and he had been terrified at the execution of poor Louis de Berquin�察�his
friend�察�and the friend of Erasmus likewise。 This Louis de Berquin�察�a man
well known in those days�察 �was a gallant young gentleman and scholar�察�
holding a place in the court of Francis I。�察�who had translated into French
the works of Erasmus�察 �Luther�察 �and Melancthon�察 �and had asserted that it
was heretical to invoke the Virgin Mary instead of the Holy Spirit�察�or to
call her our Hope and our Life�察 �which titlesBerquin averredbelonged
alone to God。 Twice had the doctors of the Sorbonne�察 �with that terrible
persecutor�察 �Noel Beda�察 �at their head�察 �seized poor Berquin�察 �and tried to
burn his books and him�察�twice had that angel in human form�察�Marguerite
d'Angouleme�察�sister of Francis I。�察�saved him from their clutches�察�but when
Francistaken prisoner at the battle of Pavia at last returned from his
captivity in Spain�察�the suppression of heresy and the burning of heretics
seemed to him and to his mother�察 �Louise of Savoy�察 �a thank´offering so
acceptable to God�察 �that Louis Berquinwho would not�察 �in spite of the
entreaties of Erasmus�察�purchase his life by silencewas burnt at last on the
Place de Greve�察�being first strangled�察�because he was of gentle blood。
Montpellier received its famous guest joyfully。 Rabelais was now
forty´two years old�察�and a distinguished savant�察�so they excused him his
three years' undergraduate's career�察�and invested him at once with the red
gown of the bachelors。 That red gownor�察�rather�察�the ragged phantom of
itis still shown at Montpellier�察�and must be worn by each bachelor when
he takes his degree。 Unfortunately�察 �antiquarians assure us that the
precious garment has been renewed again and againthe students having
clipped bits of it away for relics�察 �and clipped as earnestly from the new
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gowns as their predecessors had done from the authentic original。
Doubtless�察 �the ing of such a man among them to lecture on the
Aphorisms of Hippocrates�察�and the Ars Parva of Galen�察�not from the Latin
translations then in use�察�but from original Greek texts�察�with ments and
corrections of his own�察�must have had a great influence on the minds of
the Montpellier students�察�and still more influence and that not altogether
a good onemust Rabelais's lighter talk have had�察�as he loungedso the
story goesin his dressing´gown upon the public place�察�picking up quaint
stories from the cattle´ drivers off the Cevennes�察 �and the villagers who
came in to sell their olives and their grapes�察�their vinegar and their vine´
twig faggots�察�as they do unto this day。 To him may be owing much of the
sound respect for natural science�察�and much�察�too�察�of the contempt for the
superstition around them�察 �which is notable in that group of great
naturalists who were boys in Montpellier at that day。 Rabelais seems to
have liked Rondelet�察�and no wonder�此 �he was a cheery�察�lovable�察�honest
little fellow�察�very fond of jokes�察�a great musician and player on the violin�察�
and who�察 �when he grew rich�察 �liked nothing so well as to bring into his
house any buffoon or strolling´ player to make fun for him。 Vivacious he
was�察�hot´tempered�察�forgiving�察�and with a power of learning and a power of
work which were prodigious�察�even in those hard´working days。 Rabelais
chaffs Rondelet�察�under the name of Rondibilis�察�for�察�indeed�察�Rondelet grew
up into a very round�察�fat�察�little man�察�but Rabelais puts excellent sense into
his mouth�察 �cynical enough�察 �and too cynical�察 �but both learned and
humorous�察�and�察�if he laughs at him for being shocked at the offer of a fee�察�
and taking it�察�nevertheless�察�kindly enough�察�Rondelet is not the first doctor
who has done that�察�neither will he be the last。
Rondelet�察�in his turn�察�put on the red robe of the bachelor�察�and received�察�
on taking his degree�察�his due share of fisticuffs from his dearest friends�察�
according to the ancient custom of the University of Montpellier。 He
then went off to practise medicine in a village at the foot of the Alps�察�and�察�
half´starved�察�to teach little children。 Then he found he must learn Greek�察�
went off to Paris a second time�察�and alleviated his poverty there somewhat
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by being tutor to a son of the Viste de Turenne。 There he met
Gonthier of Andernach�察�who had taught anatomy at Louvain to the great
Vesalius�察�and learned from him to dissect。 We next find him setting up as
a medical man amid the wild volcanic hills of the Auvergne�察 �struggling
still with poverty�察�like Erasmus�察�like George Buchanan�察�like almost every
great scholar in those days�察�for students then had to wander from place to
place�察�generally on foot�察�in search of new teachers�察�in search of books�察�in
search of the necessaries of life�察�undergoing such an amount of bodily and
mental toil as makes it wonderful that all of them did notas some of them
doubtless diddie under the hard training�察�or�察�at best�察�desert the penurious
Muses for the paternal shop or plough。
Rondelet got his doctorate in 1537�察�and next year fell in love with and
married a beautiful young girl called Jeanne Sandre�察�who seems to have
been as poor as he。
But he had gained�察�meanwhile�察�a powerful patron�察�and the patronage of
the great was then as necessary to men of letters as the patronage of the
public is now。 Guillaume Pellicier�察 �Bishop of Maguelonneor rather
then of Montpellier itself�察�whither he had persuaded Paul II。 to transfer the
ancient seewas a model of the literary gentleman of the sixteenth century�察�
a savant�察�a diplomat�察�a collector of books and manuscripts�察�Greek�察�Hebrew�察�
and Syriac�察�which formed the original nucleus of the present library of the
Louvre�察 �a botanist�察 �too�察 �who loved to wander with Rondelet collecting
plants and flowers。 He retired from public life to peace and science at
Montpellier�察�when to the evil days of his master�察�Francis I。�察�succeeded the
still worse days of Henry II。�察�and Diana of Poitiers。 That Jezebel of France
could conceive no more natural or easy way of atoning for her own sins
than that of hunting down heretics�察�and feasting her wicked eyesso it is
saidupon their dying torments。 Bishop Pellicier fell under suspicion of
heresy�此 �very probably with some justice。 He fell�察�too�察�under suspicion
of leading a life unworthy of a celibate churchman�察 �a fault whichif it
really existedwas�察 �in those days�察 �pardonable enough in an orthodox
prelate�察 �but not so in one whose orthodoxy was suspected。 And for
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awhile Pellicier was in prison。 After his release he gave himself up to
science�察�with Rondelet and the school of disciples who were growing up
around him。 They rediscovered together the Garum�察 �that classic sauce�察�
whose praises had been sung of old by Horace�察�Martial�察�and Ausonius�察�and
so child´like�察�superstitious if you will�察�was the reverence in the sixteenth
century for classic antiquity�察�that when Pellicier and Rondelet discovered
that the Garum was made from the fish called Picarelcalled Garon by the
fishers of Antibes�察�and Giroli at Venice�察�both these last names corruptions
of the Latin Gerresthen did the two fashionable poets of France�察�Etienne
Dolet and Clement Marot�察�think it not unworthy of their muse to sing the
praises of the sauce which Horace had sung of old。 A proud day�察�too�察�was
it for Pellicier and Rondelet�察�when wandering somewhere in the marshes
of the Camargue�察�a scent of garlic caught the nostrils of the gentle bishop�察�
and in the lovely pink flowers of the water´germander he recogn