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及18准

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及18准


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




working out the beast�察�And let the ape and tiger die。 

        But   to  return。     Down      among      them    there    at  Montpellier�察     �like  a 

brilliant meteor�察�flashed this wonderful Rabelais�察�in the year 1530。 He had 

fled�察�some say�察�for his life。         Like Erasmus�察�he had no mind to be a martyr�察�

and he had been terrified at the execution of poor Louis de Berquin�察�his 

friend�察�and the friend of Erasmus likewise。 This Louis de Berquin�察�a man 

well   known   in   those   days�察  �was   a   gallant   young   gentleman   and   scholar�察�

holding a place in the court of Francis I。�察�who had translated into French 

the   works   of   Erasmus�察  �Luther�察  �and   Melancthon�察  �and   had   asserted   that   it 

was heretical to invoke the Virgin Mary instead of the Holy Spirit�察�or to 

call   her  our   Hope   and our   Life�察  �which   titlesBerquin   averredbelonged 

alone   to   God。   Twice   had   the   doctors   of   the   Sorbonne�察  �with   that   terrible 

persecutor�察  �Noel   Beda�察  �at   their   head�察  �seized   poor   Berquin�察  �and   tried   to 

burn his books and him�察�twice had that angel in human form�察�Marguerite 

d'Angouleme�察�sister of Francis I。�察�saved him from their clutches�察�but when 

Francistaken   prisoner   at   the   battle   of   Pavia   at   last   returned   from   his 

captivity in Spain�察�the suppression of heresy and the burning of   heretics 

seemed   to   him   and   to   his   mother�察  �Louise   of   Savoy�察  �a   thank´offering   so 

acceptable   to   God�察  �that   Louis   Berquinwho   would   not�察  �in   spite   of   the 

entreaties of Erasmus�察�purchase his life by silencewas burnt at last on the 

Place de Greve�察�being first strangled�察�because he was of gentle blood。 

     Montpellier   received   its   famous   guest   joyfully。          Rabelais   was   now 

forty´two years old�察�and a distinguished savant�察�so they excused him his 

three years' undergraduate's career�察�and invested him at once with the red 

gown of the bachelors。           That red gownor�察�rather�察�the ragged phantom of 

itis still shown at Montpellier�察�and must be worn by each bachelor when 

he    takes    his  degree。      Unfortunately�察      �antiquarians      assure    us   that   the 

precious garment has been renewed again and againthe students having 

clipped bits of it away  for relics�察  �and clipped   as earnestly  from the   new 



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gowns as their predecessors had done from the authentic original。 

     Doubtless�察 �the   ing   of   such   a   man   among   them  to   lecture   on   the 

Aphorisms of Hippocrates�察�and the Ars Parva of Galen�察�not from the Latin 

translations then in use�察�but from original Greek texts�察�with ments and 

corrections of his own�察�must have had a great influence on the minds of 

the Montpellier students�察�and still more influence and that not altogether 

a good onemust Rabelais's lighter talk have had�察�as he loungedso the 

story goesin his dressing´gown upon the public place�察�picking up quaint 

stories   from   the   cattle´   drivers   off   the   Cevennes�察  �and   the   villagers   who 

came in to sell their olives and their grapes�察�their vinegar and their vine´ 

twig faggots�察�as they do unto this day。            To him may be owing much of the 

sound respect for natural science�察�and much�察�too�察�of the contempt for the 

superstition      around     them�察   �which     is  notable    in   that   group    of   great 

naturalists   who   were   boys   in   Montpellier   at   that   day。   Rabelais   seems   to 

have liked Rondelet�察�and no wonder�此                �he was a cheery�察�lovable�察�honest 

little fellow�察�very fond of jokes�察�a great musician and player on the violin�察�

and   who�察  �when   he   grew   rich�察  �liked   nothing   so   well   as   to   bring   into   his 

house any buffoon or strolling´ player to make fun for him。                   Vivacious he 

was�察�hot´tempered�察�forgiving�察�and with a power of learning and a power of 

work which were prodigious�察�even in those hard´working days。                       Rabelais 

chaffs Rondelet�察�under the name of Rondibilis�察�for�察�indeed�察�Rondelet grew 

up into a very round�察�fat�察�little man�察�but Rabelais puts excellent sense into 

his    mouth�察    �cynical    enough�察    �and   too   cynical�察   �but   both    learned    and 

humorous�察�and�察�if he laughs at him for being shocked at the offer of a fee�察�

and taking it�察�nevertheless�察�kindly enough�察�Rondelet is not the first doctor 

who has done that�察�neither will he be the last。 

     Rondelet�察�in his turn�察�put on the red robe of the bachelor�察�and received�察�

on taking his degree�察�his due share of fisticuffs from his dearest friends�察�

according   to   the   ancient   custom   of   the   University   of   Montpellier。       He 

then went off to practise medicine in a village at the foot of the Alps�察�and�察�

half´starved�察�to teach little children。         Then he found he must learn Greek�察�

went off to Paris a second time�察�and alleviated his poverty there somewhat 



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by being tutor to a son of the Viste de Turenne。                     There he met 

Gonthier of Andernach�察�who had taught anatomy at Louvain to the great 

Vesalius�察�and learned from him to dissect。             We next find him setting up as 

a   medical   man   amid   the   wild   volcanic   hills   of   the Auvergne�察  �struggling 

still with poverty�察�like Erasmus�察�like George Buchanan�察�like almost every 

great scholar in those days�察�for students then had to wander from place to 

place�察�generally on foot�察�in search of new teachers�察�in search of books�察�in 

search of the necessaries of life�察�undergoing such an amount of bodily and 

mental toil as makes it wonderful that all of them did notas some of them 

doubtless diddie under the hard training�察�or�察�at best�察�desert the penurious 

Muses for the paternal shop or plough。 

     Rondelet got his doctorate in 1537�察�and next year fell in love with and 

married a beautiful young girl called Jeanne Sandre�察�who seems to have 

been as poor as he。 

     But he had gained�察�meanwhile�察�a powerful patron�察�and the patronage of 

the great was then as necessary to men of letters as the patronage of the 

public    is  now。    Guillaume       Pellicier�察 �Bishop    of   Maguelonneor       rather 

then of Montpellier itself�察�whither he had persuaded Paul II。 to transfer the 

ancient seewas a model of the literary gentleman of the sixteenth century�察�

a savant�察�a diplomat�察�a collector of books and manuscripts�察�Greek�察�Hebrew�察�

and Syriac�察�which formed the original nucleus of the present library of the 

Louvre�察  �a   botanist�察  �too�察  �who   loved   to   wander   with   Rondelet   collecting 

plants   and   flowers。    He   retired   from  public life to   peace   and science   at 

Montpellier�察�when to the evil days of his master�察�Francis I。�察�succeeded the 

still worse days of Henry II。�察�and Diana of Poitiers。 That Jezebel of France 

could conceive no more natural or easy way of atoning for her own sins 

than that of hunting down heretics�察�and feasting her wicked eyesso it is 

saidupon   their   dying   torments。   Bishop   Pellicier   fell   under   suspicion   of 

heresy�此      �very probably with some justice。           He fell�察�too�察�under suspicion 

of   leading   a   life   unworthy   of   a   celibate   churchman�察  �a   fault   whichif   it 

really    existedwas�察    �in  those   days�察  �pardonable     enough     in  an  orthodox 

prelate�察   �but  not   so  in  one   whose    orthodoxy   was      suspected。     And     for 



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awhile   Pellicier   was in prison。       After   his   release   he gave   himself   up   to 

science�察�with Rondelet and the school of disciples who were growing up 

around   him。      They   rediscovered   together   the   Garum�察  �that   classic   sauce�察�

whose praises had been sung of old by Horace�察�Martial�察�and Ausonius�察�and 

so child´like�察�superstitious if you will�察�was the reverence in the sixteenth 

century for classic antiquity�察�that when Pellicier and Rondelet discovered 

that the Garum was made from the fish called Picarelcalled Garon by the 

fishers of Antibes�察�and Giroli at Venice�察�both these last names corruptions 

of the Latin Gerresthen did the two fashionable poets of France�察�Etienne 

Dolet and Clement Marot�察�think it not unworthy of their muse to sing the 

praises of the sauce which Horace had sung of old。                A proud day�察�too�察�was 

it for Pellicier and Rondelet�察�when wandering somewhere in the marshes 

of the Camargue�察�a scent of garlic caught the nostrils of the gentle bishop�察�

and in the lovely pink flowers of the water´germander he recogn

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��3�� 家��3��

低辛嬬浪散議