the wars of the jews-第37节

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　and　envy　at　him；　would　not　give　them　leave；　while　yet　they　were　afraid　to　be　seen　by　Caesar　with　his　accusers。　Besides　these；　there　were　present　Archelaus's　brother　Philip；　being　sent　thither　beforehand；　out　of　kindness　by　Varus；　for　two　reasons：　the　one　was　this；　that　he　might　be　assisting　to　Archelaus；　and　the　other　was　this；　that　in　case　Caesar　should　make　a　distribution　of　what　Herod　possessed　among　his　posterity；　he　might　obtain　some　share　of　it。

2。　And　now；　upon　the　permission　that　was　given　the　accusers　to　speak；　they；　in　the　first　place；　went　over　Herod's　breaches　of　their　law；　and　said　that　be　was　not　a　king；　but　the　most　barbarous　of　all　tyrants；　and　that　they　had　found　him　to　be　such　by　the　sufferings　they　underwent　from　him；　that　when　a　very　great　number　had　been　slain　by　him；　those　that　were　left　had　endured　such　miseries；　that　they　called　those　that　were　dead　happy　men；　that　he　had　not　only　tortured　the　bodies　of　his　subjects；　but　entire　cities；　and　had　done　much　harm　to　the　cities　of　his　own　country；　while　he　adorned　those　that　belonged　to　foreigners；　and　he　shed　the　blood　of　Jews；　in　order　to　do　kindnesses　to　those　people　that　were　out　of　their　bounds；　that　he　had　filled　the　nation　full　of　poverty；　and　of　the　greatest　iniquity；　instead　of　that　happiness　and　those　laws　which　they　had　anciently　enjoyed；　that；　in　short；　the　Jews　had　borne　more　calamities　from　Herod；　in　a　few　years；　than　had　their　forefathers　during　all　that　interval　of　time　that　had　passed　since　they　had　come　out　of　Babylon；　and　returned　home；　in　the　reign　of　Xerxes　（3）　that；　however；　the　nation　was　come　to　so　low　a　condition；　by　being　inured　to　hardships；　that　they　submitted　to　his　successor　of　their　own　accord；　though　he　brought　them　into　bitter　slavery；　that　accordingly　they　readily　called　Archelaus；　though　he　was　the　son　of　so　great　a　tyrant；　king；　after　the　decease　of　his　father；　and　joined　with　him　in　mourning　for　the　death　of　Herod；　and　in　wishing　him　good　success　in　that　his　succession；　while　yet　this　Archelaus；　lest　he　should　be　in　danger　of　not　being　thought　the　genuine　son　of　Herod；　began　his　reign　with　the　murder　of　three　thousand　citizens；　as　if　he　had　a　mind　to　offer　so　many　bloody　sacrifices　to　God　for　his　government；　and　to　fill　the　temple　with　the　like　number　of　dead　bodies　at　that　festival：　that；　however；　those　that　were　left　after　so　many　miseries；　had　just　reason　to　consider　now　at　last　the　calamities　they　had　undergone；　and　to　oppose　themselves；　like　soldiers　in　war；　to　receive　those　stripes　upon　their　faces　＇but　not　upon　their　backs；　as　hitherto＇。　Whereupon　they　prayed　that　the　Romans　would　have　compassion　upon　the　＇poor＇　remains　of　Judea；　and　not　expose　what　was　left　of　them　to　such　as　barbarously　tore　them　to　pieces；　and　that　they　would　join　their　country　to　Syria；　and　administer　the　government　by　their　own　commanders；　whereby　it　would　＇soon＇　be　demonstrated　that　those　who　are　now　under　the　calumny　of　seditious　persons；　and　lovers　of　war；　know　how　to　bear　governors　that　are　set　over　them；　if　they　be　but　tolerable　ones。　So　the　Jews　concluded　their　accusation　with　this　request。　Then　rose　up　Nicolaus；　and　confuted　the　accusations　which　were　brought　against　the　kings；　and　himself　accused　the　Jewish　nation；　as　hard　to　be　ruled；　and　as　naturally　disobedient　to　kings。　He　also　reproached　all　those　kinsmen　of　Archelaus　who　had　left　him；　and　were　gone　over　to　his　accusers。　　3。　So　Caesar；　after　he　had　heard　both　sides；　dissolved　the　assembly　for　that　time；　but　a　few　days　afterward；　he　gave　the　one　half　of　Herod's　kingdom　to　Archelaus；　by　the　name　of　Ethnarch；　and　promised　to　make　him　king　also　afterward；　if　he　rendered　himself　worthy　of　that　dignity。　But　as　to　the　other　half；　he　divided　it　into　two　tetrarchies；　and　gave　them　to　two　other　sons　of　Herod；　the　one　of　them　to　Philip；　and　the　other　to　that　Antipas　who　contested　the　kingdom　with　Archelaus。　Under　this　last　was　Perea　and　Galilee；　with　a　revenue　of　two　hundred　talents；　but　Batanea；　and　Trachonitis；　and　Auranitis；　and　certain　parts　of　Zeno's　house　about　Jamnia；　with　a　revenue　of　a　hundred　talents；　were　made　subject　to　Philip；　while　Idumea；　and　all　Judea；　and　Samaria　were　parts　of　the　ethnarchy　of　Archelaus；　although　Samaria　was　eased　of　one　quarter　of　its　taxes；　out　of　regard　to　their　not　having　revolted　with　the　rest　of　the　nation。　He　also　made　subject　to　him　the　following　cities；　viz。　Strato's　Tower；　and　Sebaste；　and　Joppa；　and　Jerusalem；　but　as　to　the　Grecian　cities；　Gaza；　and　Gadara；　and　Hippos；　he　cut　them　off　from　the　kingdom；　and　added　them　to　Syria。　Now　the　revenue　of　the　country　that　was　given　to　Archelaus　was　four　hundred　talents。　Salome　also；　besides　what　the　king　had　left　her　in　his　testaments；　was　now　made　mistress　of　Jamnia；　and　Ashdod；　and　Phasaelis。　Caesar　did　moreover　bestow　upon　her　the　royal　palace　of　Ascalon；　by　all　which　she　got　together　a　revenue　of　sixty　talents；　but　he　put　her　house　under　the　ethnarchy　of　Archelaus。　And　for　the　rest　of　Herod's　offspring；　they　received　what　was　bequeathed　to　them　in　his　testaments；　but；　besides　that；　Caesar　granted　to　Herod's　two　virgin　daughters　five　hundred　thousand　＇drachmae＇　of　silver；　and　gave　them　in　marriage　to　the　sons　of　Pheroras：　but　after　this　family　distribution；　he　gave　between　them　what　had　been　bequeathed　to　him　by　Herod；　which　was　a　thousand　talents；　reserving　to　himself　only　some　inconsiderable　presents；　in　honor　of　the　deceased。

CHAPTER　7。

The　History　Of　The　Spurious　Alexander。　Archelaus　Is　Banished　And　Glaphyra　Dies；　After　What　Was　To　Happen　To　Both　Of　Them　Had　Been　Showed　Them　In　Dreams。

1。　In　the　meantime；　there　was　a　man；　who　was　by　birth　a　Jew；　but　brought　up　at　Sidon　with　one　of　the　Roman　freed…men；　who　falsely　pretended；　on　account　of　the　resemblance　of　their　countenances；　that　he　was　that　Alexander　who　was　slain　by　Herod。　This　man　came　to　Rome；　in　hopes　of　not　being　detected。　He　had　one　who　was　his　assistant；　of　his　own　nation；　and　who　knew　all　the　affairs　of　the　kingdom；　and　instructed　him　to　say　how　those　that　were　sent　to　kill　him　and　Aristobulus　had　pity　upon　them；　and　stole　them　away；　by　putting　bodies　that　were　like　theirs　in　their　places。　This　man　deceived　the　Jews　that　were　at　Crete；　and　got　a　great　deal　of　money　of　them　for　traveling　in　splendor；　and　thence　sailed　to　Melos；　where　he　was　thought　so　certainly　genuine；　that　he　got　a　great　deal　more　money；　and　prevailed　with　those　that　had　treated　him　to　sail　along　with　him　to　Rome。　So　he　landed　at　Dicearchia；　＇Puteoli；＇　and　got　very　large　presents　from　the　Jews　who　dwelt　there；　and　was　conducted　by　his　father's　friends　as　if　he　were　a　king；　nay；　the　resemblance　in　his　countenance　procured　him　so　much　credit；　that　those　who　had　seen　Alexander；　and　had　known　him　very　well；　would　take　their　oaths　that　he　was　the　very　same　person。　Accordingly；　the　whole　body　of　the　Jews　that　were　at　Rome　ran　out　in　crowds　to　see　him；　and　an　innumerable　multitude　there　was　which　stood　in　the　narrow　places　through　which　he　was　carried；　for　those　of　Melos　were　so　far　distracted；　that　they　carried　him　in　a　sedan；　and　maintained　a　royal　attendance　for　him　at　their　own　proper　charges。

2。　But　Caesar；　who　knew　perfectly　well　the　lineaments　of　Alexander's　face；　because　he　had　been　accused　by　Herod　before　him；　discerned　the　fallacy　in　his　countenance；　even　before　he　saw　the　man。　However；　he　suffered　the　agreeable　fame　that　went　of　him　to　have　some　weight　with　him；　and　sent　Celadus；　one　who　well　knew　Alexander；　and　ordered　him　to　bring　the　young　man　to　him。　But　when　Caesar　saw　him；　he　immediately　discerned　a　difference　in　his　countenance；　and　when　he　had　discovered　that　his　whole　body　was　of　a　more　robust　texture；　and　like　that　of　a　slave；　he　understood　the　whole　was　a　contrivance。　But　the　impudence　of　what　he　said　greatly　provoked　him　to　be　angry　at　him；　for　when　he　was　asked　about　Aristobulus；　he　said　that　he　was　also　preserved　alive；　and　was　left　on　purpose　in　Cyprus；　for　fear　of　treachery；　because　it　would　be　harder　for　plotters　to　get　them　both　into　their　power　while　they　were　separate。　Then　did　Caesar　take　him　by　himself　privately；　and　said　to　him；　〃I　will　give　thee　thy　life；　if　thou　wilt　discover　who　it　was　that　persuaded　thee　to　forge　such　stories。〃　So　he　said　that　he　would　discover　him；　and　followed　Caesar；　and　pointed　to　that　Jew　who　abused　the　resemblance　of　his　face　to　get　money；　for　that　he　had　received　more　presents　in　every　city　than　ever　Alexander　did　when　he　was　alive。　Caesar　laughed　at　the　contrivance；　and　put　this　spurious　Alexander　among　his　rowers；　on　account　of　the　strength　of　his　body；　but　ordered　him　that　persuaded　him　to　be　put　to　death。　But　for　the　people　of　Melos；　they　had　been　sufficiently　punished　for　their　folly；　by　the　expenses　they　had　been　at　on　his　account。

3。　And　now　Archelaus　took　possession　of　his　ethnarchy；　and　used　not　the　Jews　only；　but　the　Samaritans　also；　barbarously；　and　this　out　of　his　resentment　of　their　old　quarrels　with　him。　Whereupon　they　both　of　them　sent　ambassadors　against　him　to　Caesar；　and　in　the　ninth　year　of　his　government　he　was　banished　to　Vienna；　a　city　of　Gaul；　and　his　effects　were　put　into　Caesar's　treasury。　But　the　report　goes；　that　before　he　was　sent　for　by　Caesar；　he　seemed　to　see　nine　ears　of　corn；　full