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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




the ways and works of a captive soldier´crab�察。�31�� to show them how 

much there is to be seen�察�and how full Nature is also of that 

ludicrous element of which we spoke above。  And�察�indeed�察�it is in 

this form of Natural History�此 �not in mere classification�察�and the 

finding out of means�察�and quarrellings as to the first discovery of 

that beetle or this buttercup�察 � too common�察�alas� �among mere 

closet´collectors�察 � ;endless genealogies�察─�to apply St。 Paul's 

words by no means irreverently or fancifully�察 �which do but gender 

strife�察─ � not in these pedantries is that moral training to be 

found�察�for which we have been lauding the study of Natural History�此 �

but in healthful walks and voyages out of doors�察�and in careful and 

patient watching of the living animals and plants at home�察�with an 

observation sharpened by practice�察�and a temper calmed by the 

continual practice of the naturalist's first virtues ´ patience and 

perseverance。



Practical directions for forming an ;Aquarium; may be found in Mr。 

Gosse's book bearing that name�察�at pp。 101�察�255�察�ET SEQ。�察�and those 

who wish to carry out the notion thoroughly�察�cannot do better than 

buy his book�察�and take their choice of the many different forms of 

vase�察�with rockwork�察�fountains�察�and other pretty devices which he 

describes。



But the many�察�even if they have Mr。 Gosse's book�察�will be rather 

inclined to begin with a small attempt�察�especially as they are 

probably half sceptical of the possibility of keeping sea´animals 

inland without changing the water。  A few simple directions�察�

therefore�察�will not come amiss here。  They shall be such as anyone 

can put into practice�察�who goes down to stay in a lodging´house at 

the most cockney of watering´places。



Buy at any glass´shop a cylindrical glass jar�察�some six inches in 

diameter and ten high�察�which will cost you from three to four 

shillings�察�wash it clean�察�and fill it with clean salt´water�察�dipped 

out of any pool among the rocks�察�only looking first to see that 

there is no dead fish or other evil matter in the said pool�察�and 

that no stream from the land runs into it。  If you choose to take 

the trouble to dip up the water over a boat's side�察�so much the 

better。



So much for your vase�察�now to stock it。



Go down at low spring´tide to the nearest ledge of rocks�察�and with 

a hammer and chisel chip off a few pieces of stone covered with 

growing sea´weed。  Avoid the common and coarser kinds ��fuci�� which 

cover the surface of the rocks�察�for they give out under water a 

slime which will foul your tank�此 �but choose the more delicate 

species which fringe the edges of every pool at low´water mark�察�the 

pink coralline�察�the dark purple ragged dulse ��Rhodymenia���察�the 

Carrageen moss ��Chondrus���察�and above all�察�the commonest of all�察�the 

delicate green Ulva�察�which you will see growing everywhere in 

wrinkled fan´shaped sheets�察�as thin as the finest silver´paper。  

The smallest bits of stone are sufficient�察�provided the sea´weeds 

have hold of them�察�for they have no real roots�察�but adhere by a 

small disc�察�deriving no nourishment from the rock�察�but only from 

the water。  Take care�察�meanwhile�察�that there be as little as 

possible on the stone�察�beside the weed itself。  Especially scrape 

off any small sponges�察�and see that no worms have made their 

twining tubes of sand among the weed´stems�察�if they have�察�drag them 

out�察�for they will surely die�察�and as surely spoil all by 

sulphuretted hydrogen�察�blackness�察�and evil smells。



Put your weeds into your tank�察�and settle them at the bottom�察�which 

last�察�some say�察�should be covered with a layer of pebbles�此 �but let 

the beginner leave it as bare as possible�察�for the pebbles only 

tempt cross´grained annelids to crawl under them�察�die�察�and spoil 

all by decaying�此 �whereas if the bottom of the vase is bare�察�you 

can see a sickly or dead inhabitant at once�察�and take him out 

��which you must do�� instantly。  Let your weeds stand quietly in the 

vase a day or two before you put in any live animals�察�and even 

then�察�do not put any in if the water does not appear perfectly 

clear�此 �but lift out the weeds�察�and renew the water ere you replace 

them。



This is Mr。 Gosse's method。  But Mr。 Lloyd�察�in his ;Handbook to the 

Crystal Palace Aquarium�察─�advises that no weed should be put into 

the tank。  ;It is better�察─�he says�察 �to depend only on those which 

gradually and naturally appear on the rocks of the aquarium by the 

action of light�察�and which answer every chemical purpose。;  I 

should advise anyone intending to set up an aquarium�察�however 

small�察�to study what Mr。 Lloyd says on this matter in pp。 17´19�察�

and also in page 30�察�of his pamphlet�察�and also to go to the Crystal 

Palace Aquarium�察�and there see for himself the many beautiful 

species of sea´weeds which have appeared spontaneously in the tanks 

from unsuspected spores floating in the sea´water。  On the other 

hand�察�Mr。 Lloyd lays much stress on the necessity of a�rating the 

water�察�by keeping it in perpetual motion�察�a process not easy to be 

carried out in small aquaria�察�at least to that perfection which has 

been attained at the Crystal Palace�察�where the water is kept in 

continual circulation by steam´power。  For a jar´aquarium�察�it will 

be enough to drive fresh air through the water every day�察�by means 

of a syringe。



Now for the live stock。  In the crannies of every rock you will 

find sea´anemones ��Actiniae���察�and a dozen of these only will be 

enough to convert your little vase into the most brilliant of 

living flower´gardens。  There they hang upon the under side of the 

ledges�察�apparently mere rounded lumps of jelly�此 �one is of dark 

purple dotted with green�察�another of a rich chocolate�察�another of a 

delicate olive�察�another sienna´yellow�察�another all but white。  Take 

them from their rock�察�you can do it easily by slipping under them 

your finger´nail�察�or the edge of a pewter spoon。  Take care to tear 

the sucking base as little as possible ��though a small rent they 

will darn for themselves in a few days�察�easily enough�察�and drop 

them into a basket of wet sea´weed�察�when you get home turn them 

into a dish full of water and leave them for the night�察�and go to 

look at them to´morrow。  What a change�  �The dull lumps of jelly 

have taken root and flowered during the night�察�and your dish is 

filled from side to side with a bouquet of chrysanthemums�察�each has 

expanded into a hundred´petalled flower�察�crimson�察�pink�察�purple�察�or 

orange�察�touch one�察�and it shrinks together like a sensitive plant�察�

displaying at the root of the petals a ring of brilliant turquoise 

beads。  That is the commonest of all the Actiniae 

��Mesembryanthemum���察�you may have him when and where you will�此 �but 

if you will search those rocks somewhat closer�察�you will find even 

more gorgeous species than him。  See in that pool some dozen large 

ones�察�in full bloom�察�and quite six inches across�察�some of them。  If 

their cousins whom we found just now were like Chrysanthemums�察�

these are like quilled Dahlias。  Their arms are stouter and shorter 

in proportion than those of the last species�察�but their colour is 

equally brilliant。  One is a brilliant blood´red�察�another a 

delicate sea´blue striped with pink�察�but most have the disc and the 

innumerable arms striped and ringed with various shades of grey and 

brown。  Shall we get them�拭 �By all means if we can。  Touch one。  

Where is he now�拭 �Gone�拭 �Vanished into air�察�or into stone�拭 �Not 

quite。  You see that knot of sand and broken shell lying on the 

rock�察�where your Dahlia was one moment ago。  Touch it�察�and you will 

find it leathery and elastic。  That is all which remains of the 

live Dahlia。  Never mind�察�get your finger into the crack under him�察�

work him gently but firmly out�察�and take him home�察�and he will be 

as happy and as gorgeous as ever to´morrow。



Let your Actiniae stand for a day or two in the dish�察�and then�察�

picking out the liveliest and handsomest�察�detach them once more 

from their hold�察�drop them into your vase�察�right them with a bit of 

stick�察�so that the sucking base is downwards�察�and leave them to 

themselves thenceforth。



These two species ��Mesembryanthemum and Crassicornis�� are quite 

beautiful enough to give a beginner amusement�此 �but there are two 

others which are not uncommon�察�and of such exceeding loveliness�察�

that it is worth while to take a little trouble to get them。  The 

one is Dianthus�察�which I have already mentioned�察�the other Bellis�察�

the sea´daisy�察�of which there is an excellent description and 

plates in Mr。 Gosse's ;Rambles in Devon�察─�pp。 24 to 32。



It is common at Ilfracombe�察�and at Torquay�察�and indeed everywhere 

where there are cracks and small holes in limestone or slate rock。  

In these holes it fixes its base�察�and expands its delicate brown´

grey star´like flowers on the surface�此 �but it must be chipped out 

with hammer and chisel�察�at the expense of much dirt

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