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'126' Hamel; II。; 122。  (Meeting of the Jacobin Club; Feb。10; 1792。)

〃To obtain death at the hands of tyrants is not enough … one must

deserve death。  If it be true that the earliest defenders of liberty

became its martyrs they should not suffer death without bearing

tyranny along with them into the grave。〃 … Cf。; ibid。; II。; 215。

(Meeting of April 27; 1792。)



'127' Hamel; II。; 513。  (Speech in the Convention; Prairial 7; year

II。)



'128' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 422; 445; 447; 457。  (Speech in the

Convention; Thermidor 8; year II。)



'129' Buchez et Roux; XX。; 11; 18。  (Meeting of the Jacobin Club;

Oct。29; 1792。) Speech on Lafayette; the Feuillants and Girondists。

XXXI。; 360; 363。  (Meeting of the Convention; May 7; 1794。) On

Lafayette; the Girondists; Dantonists and Hébertists。  … XXXIII。; 427。

(Speech of Thermidor 8; year II。)



'130' Garat; 〃Mémoires;〃 87; 88。



'131' Buchez et Roux; XXI。; 107。  (Speech of Pétion on the charges

made against him by Robespierre。) Petion justly objects that

〃Brunswick would be the first to cut off Brissot's head; and Brissot

is not fool enough to doubt it。〃



'132' Garat; 94。  (After the King's death and a little before the 10th

of March; 1793。)



'133' Ibid。; 97。  In 1789 Robespierre assured Garat that Necker was

plundering the Treasury; and that people had seen mules loaded with

the gold and silver he was sending off by millions to Geneva。  …

Carnot; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。  512。  〃Robespierre;〃 say Carnot and Prieur;

〃paid very little attention to public business; but a good deal to

public officers; he made himself intolerable with his perpetual

mistrust of these; never seeing any but traitors and conspirators。〃



'134' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 417。  (Speech of Thermidor 8; year II。)



'135' Ibid。; XXXII。; 361; (Speech May 7; '794;) and 359。  〃Immorality

is the basis of despotism; as virtue is the essence of the Republic。〃



'136' Ibid。; 371。



'137' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 195。  (Report of Couthon and decree in

conformity therewith; Prairial 22; year II。) 〃The revolutionary

tribunal is organised for the punishment of the people's enemies 。  。

。  。  The penalty for all offences within its jurisdiction is death。

Those are held to be enemies of the people who shall have misled the

people; or the representatives of the people; into measures opposed to

the interests of liberty; those who shall have sought to create

discouragement by favoring the undertakings of tyrants leagued against

the Republic; those who shall have spread false reports to divide or

disturb the people; those who shall have sought to misdirect opinion

and impede popular instruction; produce depravity and corrupt the

public conscience; diminish the energy and purity of revolutionary and

republican principles; or stay their progress    Those who; charged

with public functions; abuse them to serve the enemies of the

Revolution; vex patriots; oppress the people; etc。〃



'138' Buchez et Roux; XXXV。; 290。  (〃 Institutions;〃 by Saint…Just。)

〃The Revolution is chilled。  Principles have lost their vigor。

Nothing remains but red…caps worn by intrigue。〃 … Report by Courtois;

〃Pièces justificatives〃 No。20。  (Letter of Pays and Rompillon;

president and secretary of the committee of Surveillance of Saint…

Calais; to Robespierre; Niv?se 15; year II。) 〃The Mountain here is

composed of only a dozen or fifteen men on whom you can rely as on

yourself; the rest are either deceived; seduced; corrupted or enticed

away。  Public opinion is debauched by the gold and intrigues of honest

folks。〃



'139' Report by Courtois; N。  43。  … Cf。  Hamel; III。; 43; 71。  … (The

following important document is on file in the Archives Nationales; F

7; 4446; and consists of two notes written by Robespierre in June and

July; 1793): 〃Who are our enemies? The vicious and the rich。  。  。  。

How may the civil war be stopped? Punish traitors and conspirators;

especially guilty deputies and administrators 。  。  。  。  make

terrible examples 。  。  。  。  proscribe perfidious writers and anti…

revolutionaries 。  。  。  。  Internal danger comes from the bourgeois;

to overcome the bourgeois; rally the people。  The present insurrection

must be kept up 。  。  。  。  The insurrection should gradually continue

to spread out 。  。  。  The sans…culottes should be paid and remain in

the towns。  They ought to be armed; worked up; taught。〃



'140' The committee of Public Safety; and Robespierre especially; knew

of and commanded the drownings of Nantes; as well as the principal

massacres by Carrier; Turreau; etc。  (De Martel; 〃Etude sur Fouché;〃

257…265。) … Ibid。; (〃Types revolutionnaires;〃 41…49。) … Buchez et

Roux; XXXIII。; 101 (May 26; 1794。) Report by Barère and decree of the

convention ordering that 〃No English prisoners should be taken。〃

Robespierre afterwards speaks in the same sense。  Ibid。; 458。  After

the capture of Newport; where they took five thousand English

prisoners; the French soldiers were unwilling to execute the

convention's decree; on which Robespierre (speech of Thermidor 8)

said: 〃I warn you that your decree against the English has constantly

been violated; England; so ill…treated in our speeches; is spared by

our arms。〃



'141' On the Girondists; Cf。  〃The Revolution;〃 II。; 216。



'142' Buchez et Roux; XXX。; 157。  Sketch of a speech on the Fabre

d'Eglantine factim。  … Ibid。; 336; Speech at the Jacobin Club against

Clootz。  … XXXII。; abstract of a report on the Chabot affair; 18。…

Ibid。; 69; Speech on maintaining Danton's arrest。



'143' Ibid。; XXX。; 378。  (Dec。10; 1793。) With respect to the women who

crowd the Convention in order to secure the liberty of their husbands:

〃Should the repubican women forget their virtues as citizens whenever

they remembering that they are wives?〃



'144' Hamel; III。; 196。  … Michelet; V。; 394; abstract of the judicial

debates on the disposition of the Girondists: 〃The minutes of this

decree are found in Robespierre's handwriting。〃



'145' De Martel; 〃Types revolutionnaires;〃 44。  The instructions sent

to the Revolutionary Tribunal at Orange are in Robespierre's

handwriting。  … (Archives Nationales; F7 4439。)



'146' Merlin de Thionville。



'147' Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 71。  (On Danton。) 〃Before the day is

over we shall see whether the convention will shatter an idol a long

time rotten。  。  。  。  In what respect is Danton superior to his

fellow…citizens? 。  。  。  。  I say that the man who now hesitates is

guilty。  。  。  。  。  The debate; just begun; is a danger to the

country。〃 … Also the speech in full; against Clootz。



'148' Ibid。; XXX。; 338。  〃Alas; suffering patriots; what can we do;

surrounded by enemies fighting in our own ranks! 。  。  。  Let us

watch; for the fall of our country is not far off;〃 etc。  … These

cantatas; with the accompaniments of the celestial harp; are terrible

if we consider the circumstances。  For instance; on the 3rd of

September; 1792; in the electoral assembly while the massacres are

going on: 〃M。 Robespierre climbs up on the tribune and declares that

he will calmly face the steel of the enemies of public good; and carry

with him to his grave the satisfaction of having served his country;

the certainty of France having preserved its liberty〃。  … (Archives

Nationales; C。  II。; 58…76。)



'149' Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 360; 371。  (Speech of May 7; 1794。)

〃Danton1 the most dangerous; if he had not been the most cowardly; of

the enemies of his country 。  。  。  。  Danton; the coldest; the most

indifferent; during his country's greatest peril。〃



'150' Ibid。; XXXIV。;  Cf。  the description of him by Fievée; who saw

him in the tribune at the Jacobin Club。



'151' Merlin de Thionville 〃A vague; painful anxiety; due to his

temperament; was the sole source of his activity。〃



'152' Barère; 〃 Mémoires。〃 〃He wanted to rule France influentially

rather than directly。〃 … Buchez et Roux; XIV。; 188。  (Article by

Marat。) During the early sessions of the Legislative Assembly; Marat

saw Robespierre on one occasion; and explained to him his plans for

exciting popular outbreaks; and for his purifying massacres。

〃Robespierre listened to me with dismay; turned pale and kept silent

for some moments。  This interview confirmed me in the idea I always

had of him; that he combined the enlightenment of a wise senator with

the uprightness of a genuine good man and the zeal of a true patriot;

but that he equally lacked the views and boldness of a statesman。〃 …

Thibaudeau; 〃Mémoires;〃 58。  … He was the only member of the committee

of Public Safety who did not join the department missions。



'153' Someone is 〃grandisonian〃 when he is like the novelist

Richardson's hero; Sir Walter Grandison; beneficient; polite and

chivalrous。  (SR)。



'154' Buchez et Roux XX。; 198。  (Speech of Robespierre in the

Convention; November 5; 1792。)



'155' All these statements by Robespierre are o

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