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20; year II。  (Plan of citizen Dupré; presented in the Convention by a

deputation of the Arcis Club。) … Dauban; 〃Paris en 1794;〃 p。  483 (a

project similar to the former; presented to the Committee of Public

Safety by the Jacobin Club of Montereau; Thermidor; year II。)



'83' These proposals should come to haunt western civilization for a

long time。  (SR。)



'84' Buchez et Roux; XXXV。; 272。  (〃Institutions;〃 by Saint…Just。)



'85' These ideas were still powerful even before Taine wrote these

words in 1882。  The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations cites a

declaration made by 47 anarchists on trial after their uprising in

Lyons in 1870: 〃We wish; in a word; equality … equality in fact as

corollary; or rather; as primordial condition of liberty。  From each

according to his faculties; to each according to his needs; that is

what we wish sincerely and energetically。〃



'86' Buchez et Roux; XXXI; 273; (Report by Robespierre; Pluvi?se17;

year II。  (7 Feb。  1794)。



'87' Moniteur; XIX (Rapport by Barère; Vent?se 21; an II)。  〃You

should detect and combat federalism in all your institutions; as your

natural enemy。。。。A grand central establishment for all the work of the

Republic is an effective means against federalism。〃 … Buchez et Roux;

XXXI; 351; et XXXII; 316 (Rapports by Saint…Just; Vent?se 23 et

Germinal 26; year II)。  〃Immorality is a federalism in the civil

state。。。Civil federalism; by isolating all parts of the state; has

dried up abundance。〃



'88' Decree of Germinal 26…29; year II。  Financial companies are and

hereby remain suppressed。  All bankers; commission merchants; and

other persons; are forbidden to form any establishment of this order

under any pretext or under any denomination。〃



'89' 〃 Memoires de Carnot;〃 I。; 278 (Report by Carnot)。  〃That is not

family life。  If there are local privileges there will soon be

individual privileges and local aristocracy will bring along in its

train the aristocracy of inhabitants。〃



'90' Moniteur; XIX。; 683 (Rapport by Barère; Vent?se 21; year II)。  

This report should be read in full to comprehend the communistic and

centralizing spirit of the Jacobins。  (Undoubtedly Lenin; during his

years in Paris; had read Taine's footnote and asked the national

library for a copy of this rapport。  SR。)



'91'  Fenet; 〃Travaux du Code civil;〃 105 (Rapports by Cambacérès;

August 9; 1793 and September 9; 1794)。  … Decrees of September 20;

1793 and Floréal 4; year II (On divorce)。  … Cf。  〃Institutions;〃 by

Saint…Just (Buchez et Roux; XXXV; 302)。  〃A man and woman who love

each other are married; if they have no children they may keep their

relationship secret。〃



'92' This article of the Jacobin program; like the others; has its

practical result。  … 〃At Paris; in the twenty…seven months after the

promulgation of the law of September; 1792; the courts granted five

thousand nine hundred and ninety…four divorces; and in year VI; the

number of divorces exceeded the marriages。〃 (Glasson; le Mariage civil

et le Divorce; 51。) … 〃The number of foundlings which; in 1790; in

France; did not exceed twenty…three thousand; is now (year X。) more

than sixty…three thousand。  〃Statistique de la Sarthe;〃 by Auvray;

prefect; year; X。) … In the Lot…et…Garonne (Statistique; by Peyre;

préfet; year X ); more than fifteen hundred foundlings are counted:

〃this extraordinary number increased during the Revolution through the

too easy admission of foundlings into the asylums; through the

temporary sojourning of soldiers in their homes; through the

disturbance of every moral and religious principle。〃 … 〃It is not rare

to find children of thirteen and fourteen talking and acting in a way

that would have formerly disgraced a young man of twenty。〃 (Moselle;

Analyse; by Ferrière。) … 〃The children of workmen are idle and

insubordinate; some indulge in the most shameful conduct against their

parents;〃 others try stealing and use the coarsest language。〃

(Meurthe; Statistique; by Marquis; préfet。) … Cf。  Anne Plumptre (A

Narrative of three years' residence in France from 1802 to 1805; I。

436)。  〃You would not believe it; Madame; said a gardener to her at

Nimes; that during the Revolution we dared not scold our children for

their faults。  Those who called themselves patriots regarded it as

against the fundamental principles of liberty to correct children。

This made them so unruly that; very often; when a parent presumed to

scold its child the latter would tell him to mind his business;

adding; 'we are free and equal; the Republic is our only father and

mother ; if you are not satisfied; I am。  Go where you like it

better。' Children are still saucy。  It will take a good many years to

bring them back to minding。'



'93' Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 364 (Report by Robespierre; Floréal 8;

year II。)



'94' Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 385 … (Address of a Jacobin deputation to

the Convention; Floréal 27; year II。) … At Bayeux; the young girl who

represented Liberty; had the following inscription on her breast or

back: 〃Do not make of me an instrument of licentiousness。〃 (Gustave

Flaubert; family souvenirs。)



'95' Buchez et Roux; XXXI。; 415。  (Report by Fabre d'Eglantine;

October 6; 1793。) … (Grégoire; 〃Memoires;〃 I。; 341。) 〃The new calendar

was invented by Romme in order to get rid of Sunday。  This was his

object; he admitted it to me。〃



'96' Ibid。; XXXII。; 274。  (Report by Robespierre; Floréal 18; year

II。) 〃National Festivals form an essential part of public

education。。。。  A system of national festivals is the most powerful

means of regeneration。〃



'97' Ibid。; XXXVIII。; 335。  Marat's heart; placed on a table in the

Cordéliers Club; was an object of religious reverence。  … (Grégoire;

〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 341。) 〃In some schools the pupils were obliged to make

the sign of the cross at the names of Marat; Lazowski; etc。〃



'98' Comte de Martel; 〃étude sur Fouché;〃 137。  Fête at Nevers; on the

inaguration of a bust of Brutus。  … Ibid。; 222; civic festival at

Nevers in honor of valor and morals。  … Dauban; 〃Paris en 1794。〃

Programme of the fête of the supreme Being at Sceaux。



'99' An expression by Rabaut Saint…Etienne。



'100' Ibid。; XXXII。; 373 (Report by Robespierre; Floréal 15; year II。)

… Danton had expressed precisely the same opinion; supported by the

same arguments; at the meeting of Frimaire 22; year II。  (Moniteur;

XVIII; 654。) 〃Children first belong to the Republic before belonging

to their parents。  Who will assure me that these children; inspired by

parental egoism; will not become dangerous to the Republic? What do we

care for the ideas of an individual alongside of national ideas? 。。。

Who among us does not know the danger of this constant isolation? It

is in the national schools that the child must suck republican milk!

。。。。  The Republic is one and indivisible。  Public instruction must

likewise relate to this center of unity。〃



'101' Decree of Vendémaire 30 and Brumaire 7; year II。  … Cf。  Sauzay;

VI。; 252; on the application of this decree in the provinces。



'102' Albert Duruy; 2L'Instruction publique et la Revolution;2 164; to

172 (extracts from various republican spelling…books and catechisms)。

… Decree of Frimaire 29; year II。; section I。; art。  I; 83; section

II。; art。  2; section III。; arts。  6 and 9。



'103' Moniteur; XVIII。; 653。  (Meeting of Frimaire 22; speech by

Bouquir; reporter。)



'104' Moniteur; XVIII。; 351…359。  (Meeting of Brumaire 15; year II。;

report by Chénier。) 〃You have made laws … create habits。  。  。  。  You

can apply to the public instruction of the nation the same course that

Rousseau follows in 'Emile。' 〃



'105' The words of Bouquier; reporter。  (Meeting of Frimaire 22; year

II。)



'106' Buchez et Roux; XXIV; 57 (Plan by Le Peletier de Saint…Fargeau;

read by Robespierre at the Convention; July 13; 1793。) … Ibid。; 35。

(Draft of a decree by the same hand。)



'107' Ibid。; XXX。; 229。  (〃Institutions;〃 by Saint…Just。)



'108' Buchez et Roux; XXXI。; 261。  (Meeting of Nivose 17。) On the

committee presenting the final draft of the decrees on public

instruction the Convention adopts the following article: 〃All boys

who; on leaving the primary schools of instruction; do not devote

themselves to tillage; will be obliged to learn some science; art or

occupation useful to society。  Otherwise; on reaching twenty; they

will be deprived of citizens' rights for ten years; and the same

penalty will be laid on their father; mother; tutor or guardian。〃



'109' Decree of Prairial 13; year II。



'110' Langlois; 〃Souvenirs de l'Ecole de Mars。〃



'111' Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 355。  (Report by Robespierre; Floréal

18; year II。)



'112' Moniteur; XVIII。; 326。  (Meeting of the Commune; Brumaire 11;

year II。) the commissary announces that; at Fontainebleau and other

places; 〃he has established the system of equality in the prisons and

places of conf

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