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Bordeaux; here the respectable Gradis and there the Tarteron; have

been assassinated and their goods sold。  I have seen the thirty…second

list only of the Marseilles emigres; whose property has been

confiscated。  。  。  。  There are twelve thousand of them and the lists

are not yet complete。〃 (Feb。  1; 1794。) … Anne Plumptre。2A Narrative

of Three years' Residence in France; from 1802 to 1805。〃 〃During this

period the streets of Marseilles were almost those of a deserted town。

One could go from one end of the town to the other without meeting any

one he could call an inhabitant。  The great terrorists; of whom

scarcely one was a Marseillaise; the soldiers and roughs as they

called themselves; were almost the only persons encountered。〃 The

latter; to the number of fifty or sixty; in jackets with leather

straps; fell upon all whom they did not like; and especially on

anybody with a clean shirt and white cravat。  Many persons on the

〃Cours〃 were thus whipped to death。  No women went out…doors without a

basked; while every man wore a jacket; without which they were taken

for aristocrats。  (II。; 94。)



'92' 〃Mémoires de Fréron。〃 (Collection Barrière and Berville)。

Letters of Fréron to Moise Bayle; Brumaire 23; Pluviose 5 and 11;

Novose 16; II; published by Moise Bayle; also details furnished by

Huard; pp。  350…365。  … Archives Nationales; AF。  II。; 144。  (Order of

representatives Fréron; Barras; Salicetti and Richard; Novose 17; year

II。)



'93' Mallet…Dupan; II。; 17。  … Guillon de Montléon; II。; 259。



'94' Ibid。; II。; 281。  (Decree of the Convention; Oct。  12); II。  312。

(Orders of Couthon and his colleagues; Oct。  25); II。; 366…372

(Instructions of the temporary commission; Brumaire 26)。



'95' Ibid。  III。; 153…156。  Letter of Laporte to Couthon; April 13;

1794。



'96' The contemporary French Encyclopedia 〃QUID〃 ed。  Lafont; 1996

states on page 755 that according to Louis Marie Prudhomme there were

31 000 victims at Lyons。  (SR。)



'97' Ibid。  II。  135…137。  (Resolutions of the Revolutionary

Commission; Germinal 17。) and Letters of Cadillot to Robespierre;

Floréal; year II)。  III。; 63。



'98' Guillon de Montléon; II。; 399。  (Letter of Perrotin; member of

the temporary commission to the revolutionary committee of Moulin。)

〃The work before the new commission may be considered as an

Organization of the Septembrisade; the process will be the same but

legalized by an act passed。〃



'99' Buchez et Roux; XXIX。; 192。  (Decree of October 12)。



'100' Ibid。; XXX。; 457。  (Decree of November 23)。



'101' 〃Mémoires de Fréron。〃 (Letter of Fréron; Nivose 6)。  … Guillon

de Montléon; II。; 391。



'102' Decrees of October 12 and December 24。  … Archives Nationales;

AF。  II。; 44。  The representatives on mission wanted to do the same

thing with Marseilles。  (Orders of Fréron; Barras; Salicetti; and

Ricard; Niv?se 17; year II。) 〃The name of Marseilles; still borne by

this criminal city; shall be changed。  The National Convention shall

be requested to give it another name。  Meanwhile it shall remain

nameless and be thus known。〃 In effect; in several subsequent

documents; Marseilles is called the nameless commune。



'103' Buchez et Roux; XXVIII。; 204。  (Session of June 24: 〃Strong

expressions of dissent are heard on the right。〃 Legendre; 〃I demand

that the first rebel; the first man there (pointing to the 〃Right〃

party) who interrupts the speaker; be sent to the Abbaye。〃 Couhey;

indeed; was sent to the Abbaye for applauding a Federalist speech。  …

Cf。  on these three months。  … Mortimer…Ternaux; vol。  VIII。



'104' Buchez et Roux; XXIX。; 175。  … Dauban: 〃La Démagogie à Paris en

1793;〃 436 (Narrative by Dulaure; an eye…witness)。



'105' There were really only twenty…two brought before the

revolutionary tribunal。



'106' Dauban; XXVI。; p。  440。  (Narrative of Blanqui; one of the

seventy…three。)



'107' Buchez et Roux。  XXIX。; 178; 179。  Osselin: 〃I demand the decree

of accusation against them all。〃 … Amar: 〃The apparently negative

conduct of the minority of the Convention since the 2nd of June; was a

new plot devised by Barbaroux。〃 Robespierre: 〃If there are other

criminals among those you have placed under arrest the Committee of

General Security will present to you the nomenclature of them and you

will always be at liberty to strike。〃



'108' Ibid。; XXIX。; 432; 437; 447。  … Report by Amar。  (this report

served as the bill of indictment against them; 〃cowardly satellites of

royal despotism; vile agents of foreign tyrants。〃 … Wallon; II。; 407;

409。  (Letter of Fouquier…Tinville to the convention)。  〃After the

special debates; will not each of the accused demand a general

prosecution? The trial; accordingly; will be interminable。  Besides;

one may ask why should there be witnesses? The convention; all France;

accuses those on trial。  The evidence of their crimes is plain;

everybody is convinced of their guilt。  。  。  。  It is the Convention

which must remove all formalities that interfere with the course

pursued by the tribunal。〃 … Moniteur; XVII。; (Session of October 28);

291。  The decree provoked by a petition of Jacobins; is passed on

motion of Osselin; aggravated by Robespierre。



'109' Louvet; 〃Mémoires;〃 321。  (List of the Girondists who perished

or who were proscribed。  Twenty…four fugitives survived。)



'110' Mortimer…Ternaux; VIII。; 395; 416; 435。  The terror and disgust

of the majority is seen in the small number of voters。  Their

abstention from voting is the more significant in relation to the

election of the dictators。  The members of the Committee of Public

Safety; elected on the 16th of July; obtain from one hundred to one

hundred and ninety…two votes。  The members of the Committee of

Security obtain from twenty…two to one hundred and thirteen votes。

The members of the same committee; renewed on the 11th of September;

obtain from fifty…two to one hundred and eight votes。  The judges of

the revolutionary tribunal; completed on the 3rd of August; obtain

from forty…seven to sixty…five votes。  … Meillan; 85。  (In relation to

the institution of the revolutionary government; on motion of Bazire;

Aug。  28)。  〃Sixty or eighty deputies passed this decree。  。  。  it

was preceded by another passed by a plurality of thirty against ten。

。  。  For two months the session the best attended; contains but one

hundred deputies。  The Montagnards overran the departments to deceive

or intimidate the people。  The rest; discouraged; keep away from the

meetings or take no part in the proceedings。〃



'111' The meaning and motives of this declaration are clearly

indicated in Bazire's speech。  〃Since the adoption of the

Constitution;〃 he says; 〃Feuillantism has raised its head; a struggle

has arisen between energetic and moderate patriots。  At the end of the

Constituent Assembly; the Feuillants possessed themselves of the words

law; order; public; peace; security; to enchain the zeal of the

friends of freedom; the same man?uvres are practiced to…day。  You must

shatter the weapon in your enemies' hands; which they use against

you。〃 … Durand…Maillane; 154。  〃The simple execution of constitutional

laws;〃 said Bazire; 〃made for peaceable times; would be impotent among

the conspiracies that surround you。〃 … Meillan; 108。



'112' Moniteur; XVIII; 106。  (Report of Saint…Just on the organization

of the revolutionary government; October 10th; and the decree in

conformity therewith。) Ibid。; 473。  (Report of Billaud…Varennes on a

mode of provisional and revolutionary government; Nov。  18th; and

decree in conformity therewith。) … Ib。; 479 (session of Nov。  22nd;

1793;。… Speech of Hébrard; spokesman of a deputation from Cantal)。  〃A

central committee of surveillance; a revolutionary army; has been

established in our department。  Aristocrats; suspects; the doubtful;

moderates; egoists; all gentlemen without distinguishing those who

have done nothing for the revolution from those who have acted against

it; await in retirement the ulterior measures required by the

interests of the Republic。  I have said without distinction of the

indifferent from the suspects; for we hold to these words of Solon's:

〃 He who is not with us is against us。〃



'113' The trousers used in pre…Revolutionary France by the nobility

was called culottes; they terminated just below the knee where the

long cotton or silken stockings would begin。  The less affluent used

long trousers and no socks and became known as the Sans…culottes which

became ; as mentioned in vol。  II。  a nickname for the revolutionary

proletariat。  (SR。)



'114' Moniteur; (Speech by Danton; March 26; 1794。) 〃In creating

revolutionary committees the desire was to establish a species of

dictatorship of citizens the most devoted to liberty over those who

rendered themselves suspects。〃



'115' Mallet…Dupan; II。; 8。  (February; 1794)。  〃At this moment the

entire people is disarmed。  

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