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Frederic Burger; Thermidor 25。  … Archives Nationales; AF。;

II。;111。(Order of Representatives Merlincourt and Amar; Grenoble;

April 27; 1793。) 〃The persons charged with the actual government of

and instruction in the public establishments known in this town under

the titles of; 1st; Orphelines; 2nd  Presentins; 3rd Capuchins; 4th ;

Le Propagation; 5th ; Hospice for female servants。  。  。  。  are put

under arrest and are forbidden to take any part whatever in the

functions relating to teaching; education or instruction。〃



'141' Moniteur; XXI。; 645。  (Session of the Convention; Fructidor 14;

year II。) … 〃Bibliotèque nationale;〃 LB41; 1802; (Denounciation of the

six sections of the commune of Dijon); 3: 〃Woe betide those are seen

in any way; either due to an honest affluence; a good education; an

elegant dress or some talent or other; as being different from their

fellow citizens! They are likely to be persecuted or to be killed。〃



'142' Perhaps there is a connection with Mao Zedong and the Chinese

Cultural Revolution。  (SR。)



'143' Moniteur; XVIII。; 51。  (Letter by Carrier; Brumaire 17; year

II。) … Berryat Saint…Prix; pp。36 and 38。



'144' Berriat…Saint…Prix; 240 (The imprisoned at Brest。) …

Duchaltelier (〃Brest pendant la Terreur;〃 205)。  Of the 975 prisoners;

106 were former nobles; 239 female nobles; 174 priests or monks; 206

nuns; 111 seamstresses; female workers etc; 56 were farmers; 46

artisans or workers; 17 merchants; 3 with a liberal profession。  One

is imprisoned for having secret opinions〃 a girl; 〃for being witty and

laughing at the patriots。〃



'145' Mallet…Dupan; 〃Correspondance Politique。〃 Introduction; p。

VIII。  (Hamburg; 1796。)



'146' Portalis; 〃De la Révision des Jugements;〃 1795。  (Saint…Beuve;

〃Causeries du Lundi;〃 V。; 452。) … Moniteur。  XXII; 86 (Report of

Grégoire; 14 Fructidor; year II): 〃Dumas said that all clever men (les

hommes d'esprit) should be sent to the guillotine。  。  。  Henriot

proposed to burn the National Library。  。  。  。  and his proposal is

repeated in Marseille。  。  。  The systematic persecution of talented

persons was organized。  。  。  。  〃 Shouts had been heard in the

sections: 〃Beware of that man as he as written a book。〃



'147' 〃Tableau des Prisons de Toulouse〃 by Pescayre; prisoner; year

III; p。  317 ( Messidor 22nd; year II)。  Pinson; secretary of the

reception; indoctrinated as follows the old duke de Lesparre:

〃Citoyen; your detention is used by your country as a means of

conversion。  Eight of your immediate family have; because they did not

take advantage of his opportunity; carried their heads to the

scaffold。  What have you done to avoid the sword of justice?  Speak!

What are your feelings? Let us hear your principles。  Have you at last

renounced the arrogance of the ancient regime? Do you believe in

equality established by nature and ordained by the Convention? Who are

the sans…culottes you associate with? Is your cell not a meeting place

for the aristocrats? 。  。  。  It is I; who in the future will be your

company; I; who will make you familiar with the republican principles;

who will make you love them; and who will take care of your

improvement。〃



'148' Taillandier; Mémoires écrits par Daunau; à Port…Libre; in Aug。

1794; p。51; 52。



'149' Granier du Cassagnac; 〃Histoire du Directoire;〃 i。; 107。  (Trial

of Babeuf; extracts from Buonarotti; programme des 〃Egaux。〃) All

literature in favor of Revelation must be prohibited: children are to

be brought up in common; the child will no longer bear his father's

name; no Frenchman shall leave France; towns shall be demolished;

chateaux torn down and books proscribed; all Frenchmen shall wear one

special costume; armies shall be commanded by civil magistrates; the

dead shall be prosecuted and obtain burial only according to the

favorable decision of the court; no written document shall be

published without the consent of the government; etc。〃 … Cf。  〃Les

Meditations de Saint…Just。〃



'150' Guillon de Montléon; II。; 174。



'151' 〃Memoires sur les Prisons;〃 I。; 211; II。; 187。  … Beaulieu;

〃Essais;〃 V。; 320。  〃The prisons became the rendezvous of good

society。〃



'152'  〃The Revolution;〃 vol。3; ch。  6; ante。



'153' Chateaubriand: 〃Génie du Christianisme;〃 part 4; book II。; notes

on the exhumations at St。  Denis taken by a monk; an eye…witness。

Destruction; August 6 and 8; 1793; of fifty…one monuments。  Exhumation

of bodies; October 12 and 25; 1793。  … Camille Boursier; 〃Essai sur la

Terreur en Anjou;〃 p。223。  (Testimony of Bordier…Langlois。) 〃I saw the

head of our good Duke Réné; deposited in the chapel of St。  Bernardin;

in the Cordéliers at Angers; tossed like a ball by some laborers from

one to the other。〃



'154' R。  Chantelauze; 〃Louis XVII。;〃 (according to unpublished

documents)。  This book; free of declamation and composed according to

the critical method; sets this question at rest。



'155' Wallon; 〃Histoire du Tribunal Revolutionnaire;〃 III。; 285。  …

Campardon; 〃Hist。  du Tribunal Révolutionnaire de Paris;〃 I。; 306。

Brochet; one of the jury; was formerly a lackey。



'156' The above simply conveys the sense of the document; which is

here given in the original: 〃Si tu n'est pas toute seulle et que le

compagnion soit a travailier tu peus ma chaire amie venir voir juger

24 mesieurs tous si…deven président on conselier au parlement de Paris

et de Toulouse。  Je t' ainvite a prendre quelque choge aven de venir

parcheque nous naurons pas fini de 3 hurres。  Je tembrase ma chère

amie et épouge。〃 (TR)。



'157' Wallon; III。; 402。



'158' Campardon; II。; 350。  …  Cf。  Causeries du Lundi;〃 II。; 164。

Saint…Beuve's comment on the examination。  〃André Chénier; natife de

Constantinoble。。。。son frère vice…consulte en Espagne。  〃Remark the

questions on his health and correspondence and the cock…and…bull story

about the 'maison a cotté。' 〃 … They ask him where his servant was on

the 10th of August; 1792; and he replies that he could not tell。  〃A

lui representé qua lepoque de cette journee que touts les bons

citoyent ny gnoroit point leurs existence et quayant enttendue batte

la générale cettait un motife de plus pour reconnoitre tous les bons

citoyent et le motife au quelle il setait employée pour sauvee la

Republique。  A repondue quil avoit dite l'exacte véritée。  A lui

demandée quel etoit dite l'exacte veritée …  a repondue que cetoit

toutes ce qui etoit cy dessue。〃







CHAPTER II。   Food and Provisions。



I。   Economical Complexity of Food Chain。



Complexity of the economical operation by which articles of prime

necessity reach the consumer。…  Conditions of the operation。   …

Available resources。   … Cases in which these are not available。   …

Case of the holder of these being no longer disposed to make them。



Suppose a man forced to walk with his feet in the air and his head

downward。  By using extremely energetic measures he might; for a

while; be made to maintain this unwholesome attitude; and certainly at

the expense of a bruised or broken skull; it is very probable;

moreover; that he would use his feet convulsively and kick terribly。

But it is certain that if this course were persisted in; the man would

experience intolerable pain and finally sink down; the blood would

stop circulating and suffocation would ensue; the trunk and limbs

would suffer as much as the head; and the feet would become numb and

inert。  … Such is more or less the history of France under its Jacobin

pedagogues; their rigid theory and persistent brutality impose on the

nation an attitude against nature; consequently she suffers; and each

day suffers more and more; the paralysis increases; the functions get

out of order and cease to act; while the last and principal one;'1'

the most urgent; namely; physical support and the daily nourishment of

the living individual; is so badly accomplished; against so many

obstacles; interruptions; uncertainties and deficiencies; that the

patient; reduced to extreme want; asks if to…morrow will not be worse

than to…day; and whether his semi…starvation will not end in complete

starvation。



Nothing; apparently; is simpler; and yet really more complex; than the

physiological process by which; in the organized body; the proper

restorative food flows regularly to the spot where it is needed; among

the innumerably diverse and distant cells。  In like manner; nothing is

simpler at the first glance; and yet more complex; than the economical

process by which; in the social organism; provisions and other

articles of prime necessity; flow of themselves to all points of the

territory where they are needed and within reach of each consumer。  It

is owing to this that; in the social body as in the organized body;

the terminal act presupposes many others anterior to and co…ordinate

with it; a series of elaborations; a succession of metamorphoses; one

elimination and 

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