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there given: 〃Oh。  Napoleon;〃 said Paoli to me; 〃you do not belong to

this century; you talk like one of Plutarch's characters。  Courage;

you will take flight yet!〃



'4' De Ségur; 〃Histoire et Mémoires;〃 I。; 150。  (Narrative by

Pontécoulant; member of the committee in the war; June; 1795。) 〃Boissy

d'Anglas told him that he had seen the evening before a little

Italian;  pale; slender; and puny; but singularly audacious in his

views and in the vigor of his expressions。  …  The next day; Bonaparte

calls on Pontécou1ant; 〃Attitude rigid through a morbid pride; poor

exterior; long visage; hollow and bronzed。  。  。  。  He is just from

the army and talks like one who knows what he is talking about。〃



'5' Coston; 〃Biographie des premières années de Napoléon Buonaparte;〃

2 vols。  (1840); passim。 … Yung; 〃 Bonaparte et son Temps;〃 I。; 300;

302。  (Pièces généalogiques。) … King Joseph; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 109; 111。

(On the various branches and distinguished men of the Bonaparte

family。) … Miot de Melito; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。; 30。  (Documents on the

Bonaparte family; collected on the spot by the author in 1801。)



'6' 〃Mémorial;〃  May 6; 1816。  … Miot de Melito; II。; 30。  (On the

Bonapartes of San Miniato): 〃The last offshoot of this branch was a

canon then still living in this same town of San Miniato; and visited

by Bonaparte in the year IV; when he came to Florence。〃



'7' 〃Correspondance de l'Empereur Napoléon I。〃 (Letter of Bonaparte;

Sept。29; 1797; in relation to Italy): 〃A people at bottom inimical to

the French through the prejudices; character; and customs of

centuries。〃



'8' Miot de Melito; I。; 126; (1796): 〃Florence; for two centuries and

a half; had lost that antique energy which; in the stormy times of the

Republic; distinguished this city。  Indolence was the dominant spirit

of all classes。  。   。  Almost everywhere I saw only men lulled to

rest by the charms of the most exquisite climate; occupied solely with

the details of a monotonous existence; and tranquilly vegetating under

its beneficent sky。〃  … (On Milan; in 1796; cf。  Stendhal;

introduction to the 〃Chartreuse de Parme。〃)



'9' 〃Miot de Melito; I。; 131: 〃Having just left one of the most

civilized cities in Italy; it was not without some emotion that I

found myself suddenly transported to a country (Corsica) which; in its

savage aspect; its rugged mountains; and its inhabitants uniformly

dressed in coarse brown cloth; contrasted so strongly with the rich

and smiling landscape of Tuscany; and with the comfort; I should

almost say elegance; of costume worn by the happy cultivators of that

fertile soil。〃



'10' Miot de Melito; II。; 30: 〃Of a not very important family of

Sartène。〃 … II。; 143。  (On the canton of Sartène and the Vendettas of

1796)。 … Coston; I。; 4: 〃The family of Madame Laetitia; sprung from

the counts of Cotalto; came originally from Italy。〃



'11' His father; Charles Bonaparte; weak and even frivolous; 〃too fond

of pleasure to care about his children;〃 and to see to his affairs;

tolerably learned and an indifferent head of a family; died at the age

of thirty…nine of a cancer in the stomach; which seems to be the only

bequest he made to his son Napoleon。  … His mother; on the contrary;

serious; authoritative; the true head of a family; was; said Napoleon;

〃hard in her affections  she punished and rewarded without

distinction; good or bad; she made us all feel it。〃 … On becoming head

of the household; 〃she was too parsimonious…even ridiculously so。

This was due to excess of foresight on her part; she had known want;

and her terrible sufferings were never out of her mind。  。  。  。

Paoli had tried persuasion with her before resorting to force。  。  。

。  Madame replied heroically; as a Cornelia would have done。  。  。  。

From 12 to 15;000 peasants poured down from the mountains of Ajaccio;

our house was pillaged and burnt; our vines destroyed; and our flocks。

。  。  。  In other respects; this woman; from whom it would have been

so difficult to extract five francs; would have given up everything to

secure my return from Elba; and after Waterloo she offered me all she

possessed to restore my affairs。〃 (〃 Mémorial;〃 May 29; 1816; and

〃Mémoires d'Antonomarchi;〃 Nov。  18; 1819。  …  On the ideas and ways

of Bonaparte's mother; read her 〃Conversation〃 in 〃Journal et

Mémoires;〃 vol。  IV。; by Stanislas Girardin。) Duchesse d'Abrantès; 〃

Mémoires;〃 II。; 318; 369。  〃Avaricious out of all reason except on a

few grave occasions。  。  。  。  No knowledge whatever of the usages of

society。  。  。  。  very ignorant; not alone of our literature; but of

her own。〃 … Stendhal; 〃Vie de Napoleon〃: 〃The character of her son is

to be explained by the perfectly Italian character of Madame

Laetitia。〃



'12' The French conquest is effected by armed force between July 30;

1768; and May 22; 1769。  The Bonaparte family submitted May 23; 1769;

and Napoleon was born on the following 15th of August。



'13' Antonomarchi; 〃Mémoires;〃 October 4; 1819。  〃Mémorial;〃 May 29;

1816。



'14' Miot de Melito; II。; 33: 〃The day I arrived at Bocognano two men

lost their lives through private vengeance。  About eight years before

this one of the inhabitants of the canton had killed a neighbor; the

father of two children。  。  。  。  On reaching the age of sixteen or

seventeen years these children left the country in order to dog the

steps of the murderer; who kept on the watch; not daring to go far

from his village。  。  。  。  Finding him playing cards under a tree;

they fired at and killed him; and besides this accidentally shot

another man who was asleep a few paces off。  The relatives on both

sides pronounced the act justifiable and according to rule。〃 Ibid。;

I。; 143: 〃On reaching Bastia from Ajaccio the two principal families

of the place; the Peraldi and the Visuldi; fired at each other; in

disputing over the honor of entertaining me。



'15' Bourrienne;〃 Mémoires;〃 I。; 18; 19。



'16' De Ségur; 〃Histoire et Mémoires;〃 I;; 74。



'17' Yung; I。; 195。  (Letter of Bonaparte to Paoli; June 12; 1789);

I。; 250 (Letter of Bonaparte to Buttafuoco; January 23 1790)。



'18' Yung; I。; 107 (Letter of Napoleon to his father; Sept。  12;

1784); I。; 163 (Letter of Napoleon to Abbé Raynal; July; 1786); I。;

197 (Letter of Napoleon to Paoli; June 12; 1789)。  The three letters

on the history of Corsica are dedicated to Abbé Raynal in a letter of

June 24; 1790; and may be found in Yung; I。; 434。



'19' Read especially his essay 〃On the Truths and Sentiments most

important to inculcate on Men for their Welfare〃 (a subject proposed

by the Academy of Lyons in 1790)。  Some bold men driven by genius。  。

。  。  Perfection grows out of reason as fruit out of a tree。  。  。  。

Reason's eyes guard man from the precipice of the passions。  。  。

The spectacle of the strength of virtue was what the Lacedaemonians

principally felt。  。  。  。  Must men then be lucky in the means by

which they are led on to happiness? 。  。  。  。  My rights (to

property) are renewed along with my transpiration; circulate in my

blood; are written on my nerves; on my heart。  。  。  。  Proclaim to

the rich …your wealth is your misfortune; withdrawn within the

latitude of your senses。  。  。  。  Let the enemies of nature at thy

voice keep silence and swallow their rabid serpents' tongues。  。  。  。

The wretched shun the society of men; the tapestry of gayety turns to

mourning。  。  。  。  Such; gentlemen; are the Sentiments which; in

animal relations; mankind should have taught it for its welfare。〃



'20' Yung; I。; 252 (Letter to Buttafuoco)。  〃Dripping with the blood

of his brethren; sullied by every species of crime; he presents

himself with confidence under his vest of a general; the sole reward

of his criminalities。〃 … I。; 192 (Letter to the Corsican Intendant;

April 2; 1879)。  〃Cultivation is what ruins us〃  … See various

manuscript letters; copied by Yung; for innumerable and gross mistakes

in French。  … Miot de Melito; I。; 84 (July; 1796)。  〃He spoke curtly

and; at this time; very incorrectly。〃 … Madame de Rémusat; I。; 104。

〃Whatever language he spoke it never seemed familiar to him; he

appeared to force himself in expressing his ideas。〃… Notes par le

Comte Chaptal  (unpublished); councillor of state and afterwards

minister of the interior under the Consulate: 〃At this time; Bonaparte

did not blush at the slight knowledge of administrative details which

he possessed; he asked a good many questions and demanded definitions

and the meaning of the commonest words in use。  As it very often

happened with him not to clearly comprehend words which he heard for

the first time; he always repeated these afterwards as he understood

them; for example; he constantly used section for session; armistice

for amnesty; fulminating point for culminating point; rentes voyagères

for 'rentes viagères;' etc。〃



'21' De Ségur; I。; 174



'22' C

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