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despair of populations no longer having anything  to lose; because all

has been taken away; is to be feared。〃 … De Pradt; p。73。   (Specimen

of military proceedings in allied countries。) At Wolburch; in the

Bishop of Cujavie's chateau; 〃I found his secretary; canon of Cujavie;

decorated with the ribbon and cross of his order; who showed me his

jaw; broken by the vigorous blows administered to him the previous

evening by General Count Vandamme; because he had refused to serve

Tokay wine; imperiously demanded by the general; he was told that the

King of Westphalia had lodged in the castle the day before; and had

carted away all this wine。〃



'122' Fievée; 〃Correspondance et relations avec Bonaparte; de 1802 à

1813;〃 III。; 82。 (Dec。 1811); (On the populations annexed or

conquered): 〃There is no hesitation in depriving them of their

patrimony; their language; their legislatures; in disturbing all their

habits; and that without any warrant but throwing a bulletin des lois

at their heads (inapplicable)。 。 。 。 How could they be expected to

recognize this; or even become resigned to it? 。 。 。 Is it possible

not to feel that one no longer has a country; that one is under

constraint; wounded in feeling and humiliated? 。 。 。 Prussia; and a

large part of Germany; has been so impoverished that there is more to

gain by taking a pitchfork to kill a man than to stir up a pile of

manure。〃



'123' 〃Correspondance;〃 letter to King Joseph; Feb。 18; 1814。 〃If I

had signed the treaty reducing France to its ancient limits; I should

have gone to war two years after … Marmont; V。; 133 (1813): 〃Napoleon;

in the last years of his reign; always preferred to lose all rather

than to yield anything。〃



'124' M。 de Metternich; II。; 205。



'125' Words of Richelieu on his death…bed: 〃Behold my judge;〃 said he;

pointing to the Host; 〃the judge who will soon pronounce his verdict。

I pray that he will condemn me; if; during my ministry; I have

proposed to myself aught else than the good of religion and of the

State。〃



'126' Miot de Melito; 〃Mémoires;〃II。; 48; 152。



'127' 〃Souvenirs;〃 by Gaudin; duc de Ga?te (3rd vol。 of the

〃Mémoires;〃 p。67)。



'128' M。 de Metternich; II。; 120。 (Letter to Stadion; July 26; 1807。)



'129' Ibid。; II。; 291。 (Letter of April 11; 1809。)



'130' Ibid。; II。; 400。 (Letter of Jan。17; 1811。) In lucid moments;

Napoleon takes the same view。 Cf。 Pelet de la Lozère; 〃Opinions de

Napoleon au conseil d'etat;〃 p。 15 : 〃That will last as long as I do。

After me; however; my son will deem himself fortunate if he has 40;000

francs a year。〃 … (De Ségur; 〃Histoire et Mémoires;〃 III。; 155。) :

〃How often at this time (1811) was he heard to foretell that the

weight of his empire would crush his heir!〃  〃Poor child;〃 said he;

regarding the King of Rome; 〃what an entanglement I shall leave to

you!〃 From the beginning he frequently passed judgment on himself and

foresaw the effect of his action in history。〃 On reaching the isle of

Poplars; the First Consul stopped at Rousseau's grave; and said: 'It

would have; been better for the repose of France; if that man had

never existed。' 'And why; citizen Consul?' 'He is the man who made the

French revolution。'  'It seems to me that you need not complain of the

French revolution!' 'well; the future must decide whether it would not

have been better for the repose of the whole world if neither myself

nor Rousseau had ever lived。'  He then resumed his promenade in a

revery。〃 … Stanislas Girardin; 〃Journal et Mémoires;〃 III。; Visit of

the French Consul to Ermenonville。



'131' Marmont; 〃Mémoires;〃 III。; 337。 (On returning from Wagram。)



'132' On this initial discord; cf。 Armand Lefèvre; 〃Histoire des

Cabinets de l'Europe;〃 vol。VI。



'133' 〃Correspondance de Napoléon I。〃 (Letter to the King of

Wurtemberg; April 2; 1811。)



'134' Testament of April 25; 1821  〃It is my desire that my remains

rest on the banks of the Seine; amidst that French people I have so

dearly loved。〃



'135' 〃Correspondance de Napoleon I。;  XXII。; 119。  (Note by Napoleon;

April; 1811。) 〃There will always be at Hamburg; Bremen; and Lubeck

from 8000 to 10;000 Frenchmen; either as employees or as gendarmes; in

the custom…houses and warehouses。〃



'136' 〃Souvenirs〃; by PASQUIER (Etienne…Dennis; duc); Librarie Plon;

Paris 1893。…; II。; 88; and following pages: 〃During the year 1813;

from Jan。 1 to Oct。 7; 840;000 men had already been drafted from

imperial France and they had to be furnished。〃 … Other decrees in

December; placing at the disposition of the government 300;000

conscripts for the years 1806 to 1814 inclusive。 … Another decree in

November organizing 140;000 men of the national guard in cohorts;

intended for the defense of strongholds。 … In all; 1;300;000 men

summoned in one year。  〃Never has any nation been thus asked to let

itself be voluntarily led in a mass to the slaughterhouse。 … Ibid。;

II。; 59。  Senatus…consulte; and order of council for raising 10;000

young men; exempt or redeemed from conscription; as the prefects might

choose; arbitrarily; from amongst the highest classes in society。  The

purpose was plainly 〃 to secure hostages in every family of doubtful

loyalty。  No measure created for Napoleon more irreconcilable

enemies。〃

 … Cf。 De Ségur; II。; 34。  (He was charged with organizing and

commanding a division of young men。) Many were sons of Vendéans or of

Conventionalists; some torn from their wives the day after their

marriage; or from the bedside of a wife in her confinement; of a dying

father; or of a sick son; 〃some looked so feeble that they seemed

dying。〃 One half perished in the campaign of 1814。 … 〃

Correspondance;〃 letter to Clarke; Minister of War; Oct。23; 1813 (in

relation to the new levies): 〃I rely on 100;000 refractory

conscripts。〃



'137' 〃Archives nationales;〃 A F。;VI。; 1297。  (Documents 206 to 210。)

(Report to the Emperor by Count Dumas; April 10; 1810。) Besides the

170 millions of penalties 1;675;457 francs of penalty were inflicted

on 2335 individuals; 〃 abettors or accomplices。〃 …  Ibid。; A F。;VI。;

1051。  (Report of Gen。 Lacoste on the department of Haute…Loire; Oct。

13; 1808。)  〃He always calculated in this department on the desertion

of one…half of the conscripts。  In most of the cantons the gendarmes

traffic with the conscription shamefully; certain conscripts pension

them to show them favors。〃 … Ibid。; A F。;VI。; 1052。   (Report by

Pelet; Jan。 12; 1812。)  〃The operation of the conscription has

improved (in the Herault); the contingents of 1811 have been

furnished。  There remained 1800 refractory; or deserters of the

previous classes; 1600 have been arrested or made to surrender by the

flying column; 200 have still to be pursued。〃  Faber; …  〃Notice

(1807) sur l'intérieur de la France;〃 p。 141: 〃Desertion; especially

on the frontiers; is occasionally frightful; 80 deserters out of 160

have sometimes been arrested。〃 … Ibid。; p。149:  It has been stated in

the public journals that in 1801 the court in session at Lille had

condemned 135 refractory out of the annual conscription; and that

which holds its sittings at Ghent had condemned 70。  Now; 200

conscripts form the maximum of what an arrondissement in a department

could furnish。〃 …Ibid; p。145。  〃France resembles a vast house of

detention where everybody is suspicious of his neighbor; where each

avoids the other。 。  。 One often sees a young man with a gendarme at

his heels oftentimes; on looking closely; this young man's hands are

found tied; or he is handcuffed。〃 … Mathieu Dumas; III。; 507 (After

the battle of Dresden; in the Dresden hospitals): 〃I observed; with

sorrow; that many of these men were slightly wounded: most of them;

young conscripts just arrived in the army; had not been wounded by the

enemy's fire; but they had mutilated each other's feet and hands。

Antecedents of this kind; of equally bad augury; had already been

remarked in the campaign of 1809。〃



'138' De Ségur; III。; 474。 … Thiers; XIV。; 159。 (One month after

crossing the Niemen one hundred and fifty thousand men had dropped out

of the ranks。)



'139' Bulletin 29 (December 3; 1812)。



'140' De Pradt;  Histoire de l'Ambassade de Varsovie;〃 p。219。



'141' M。 de Metternich; I。; 147。 … Fain; 〃Manuscript;〃 of 1813; II。;

26。 (Napoleon's address to his generals。) 〃What we want is a complete

triumph。  To abandon this or that province is not the question; our

political superiority and our existence depend on it。 〃 … II。; 41; 42。

(Words of Napoleon to Metternich。) 〃And it is my father…in…law who

favors such a project! And he sends you! In what attitude does he wish

to place me before the French people? He is strangely deluded if he

thinks that a mutilated throne can offer an asylum to his daughter and

grandson。 。 。 。 Ah; Metternich; how much has England given you to make

you play this part against me?〃 (This last phrase; omitted in

Metternich's

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