london in 1731-第20节

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；　under　a　certain　pecuniary　pain；　and　all　other　duties；　such　as　frequenting　chapel；　decent　clothing　and　behaviour；　to　be　regulated　by　the　governors。

This　munificent　benefactor　also　founded　a　grammar　school　in　the　Charter　House；　to　consist　of　a　master；　usher；　and　forty　scholars。

No　scholars　to　be　admitted　at　above　fourteen　or　under　ten　years　of　age。

The　scholars　are　habited　in　black　gowns；　and　when　any　of　them　are　fit　for　the　university；　and　are　elected；　each　of　them　receives　20　pounds　per　annum　for　eight　years　out　of　the　revenues　of　the　house。　And　such　boys　who　are　found　more　fit　for　trades　are　bound　out；　and　a　considerable　sum　of　money　given　with　them。

When　any　of　the　forty　boys　are　disposed　of；　or　any　of　the　old　men　die；　others　are　placed　in　their　rooms　by　the　governors　in　their　turns。

The　master　is　to　be　an　unmarried　man；　aged　about　forty；　one　that　hath　no　preferment　in　Church　or　State　which　may　draw　him　from　his　residence　and　care　of　the　hospital。

The　preacher　must　be　a　Master　of　Arts；　of　seven　years'　standing　in　one　of　the　universities　of　England；　and　one　who　has　preached　four　years。

The　governors　meet　in　December；　to　take　the　year's　accounts；　view　the　state　of　the　hospital；　and　to　determine　other　affairs；　and　again　in　June　or　July；　to　dispose　of　the　scholars　to　the　university　or　trades；　make　elections；　&c。　　And　a　committee　of　five　at　the　least　is　appointed　at　the　assembly　in　December　yearly；　to　visit　the　school　between　Easter　and　Midsummer；　&c。

The　buildings　of　the　Charter　House　take　up　a　great　deal　of　ground；　and　are　commodious　enough；　but　have　no　great　share　of　beauty。　　This　house　has　pretty　much　the　air　of　a　college　or　monastery；　of　which　the　principal　rooms　are　the　chapel　and　the　hall；　and　the　old　men　who　are　members　of　the　society　have　their　several　cells；　as　the　monks　have　in　Portugal。

The　chapel　is　built　of　brick　and　boulder；　and　is　about　sixty…three　feet　in　length；　thirty…eight　in　breadth；　and　twenty…four　in　height。　Here　Sir　William　Manny；　founder　of　the　Carthusian　monastery；　was　buried；　and　here　was　interred　Mr。　Sutton；　the　founder　of　the　hospital；　whose　monument　is　at　the　north…east　angle　of　the　chapel；　being　of　black　and　white　marble；　adorned　with　four　columns；　with　pedestals　and　entablature　of　the　Corinthian　order；　between　which　lies　his　effigy　at　length　in　a　fur　gown；　his　face　upwards　and　the　palms　of　his　hands　joined　over　his　breast；　and　on　the　tomb　is　the　following　inscription：…

〃Sacred　to　the　glory　of　God；　in　grateful　memory　of　Thomas　Sutton；　Esq。　　Here　lieth　buried　the　body　of　Thomas　Sutton；　late　of　Castle　Camps；　in　the　County　of　Cambridge；　Esq。；　at　whose　only　cost　and　charges　this　Hospital　was　founded　and　endowed　with　large　possessions；　for　the　relief　of　poor　men　and　children。　　He　was　a　gentleman　born　at　Knayth；　in　the　County　of　Lincoln；　of　worthy　and　honest　parentage。　　He　lived　to　the　age　of　seventy…nine　years；　and　deceased　the　12th　day　of　December；　1611。〃

The　Charter　House　gardens　are　exceeding　pleasant；　and　of　a　very　great　extent；　considering　they　stand　so　far　within　this　great　town。

I　shall；　in　the　next　place；　survey　the　free　schools　and　charity　schools。

Anciently　I　have　read　that　there　were　three　principal　churches　in　London　that　had　each　of　them　a　famous　school　belonging　to　it；　and　these　three　churches　are　supposed　to　be（1）　The　Cathedral　Church　of　St。　Paul；　because；　at　a　general　council　holden　at　Rome；　anno　1176；　it　was　decreed；　〃That　every　cathedral　church　should　have　its　schoolmaster；　to　teach　poor　scholars　and　others　as　had　been　accustomed；　and　that　no　man　should　take　any　reward　for　licence　to　teach。〃　　（2）　The　Abbey　Church　of　St　Peter　at　Westminster；　for　of　the　school　here　Ingulphus；　Abbot　of　Croyland；　in　the　reign　of　William　the　Conqueror；　writes　as　follows：　　〃I；　Ingulphus；　a　humble　servant　of　God；　born　of　English　parents；　in　the　most　beautiful　city　of　London；　for　attaining　to　learning　was　first　put　to　Westminster；　and　after　to　study　at　Oxford；〃　&c。　　（3）　The　Abbey　Church　of　St。　Saviour；　at　Bermondsey；　in　Southwark；　for　this　is　supposed　to　be　the　most　ancient　and　most　considerable　monastery　about　the　city　at　that　time；　next　to　that　of　St。　Peter　at　Westminster；　though　there　is　no　doubt　but　the　convents　of　St。　John　by　Clerkenwell；　St。　Bartholomew　in　Smithfield；　St。　Mary　Overy　in　Southwark；　that　of　the　Holy　Trinity　by　Aldgate；　and　other　monasteries　about　the　city；　had　their　respective　schools；　though　not　in　such　reputation　as　the　three　first。　　Of　these　none　are　now　existing　but　St。　Paul's　and　Westminster；　though　perhaps　on　different　and　later　foundations。　　Yet　other　schools　have　been　erected　in　this　metropolis　from　time　to　time；　amongst　which　I　find　that　called　Merchant　Taylors'　to　be　the　most　considerable。

St。　Paul's　School　is　situated　on　the　east　side　of　St。　Paul's　Churchyard；　being　a　handsome　fabric　built　with　brick　and　stone；　founded　by　John　Collet；　D。D。　and　Dean　of　St。　Paul's；　anno　1512；　who　appointed　a　high…master；　sur…master；　a　chaplain　or　under…master；　and　153　scholars；　to　be　taught　by　them　gratis；　of　any　nation　or　country。　He　also　left　some　exhibitions　to　such　scholars　as　are　sent　to　the　universities　and　have　continued　at　this　school　three　years。　　The　masters　are　elected　by　the　wardens　and　assistants　of　the　Mercers'　Company；　and　the　scholars　are　admitted　by　the　master　upon　a　warrant　directed　to　him　by　the　surveyor。　　The　elections　for　the　university　are　in　March；　before　Lady　Day；　and　they　are　allowed　their　exhibitions　for　seven　years。　　To　this　school　belongs　a　library；　consisting　chiefly　of　classic　authors。　　The　frontispiece　is　adorned　with　busts；　entablature；　pediments；　festoons；　shields；　vases；　and　the　Mercers'　arms　cut　in　stone；　with　this　inscription　over　the　door：　INGREDERE　UT　PROFICIAS。　　Upon　every　window　of　the　school　was　written；　by　the　founder's　direction：　　AUT　DOCE；　AUT　DISCE；　AUT　DISCEDEi。e。；　Either　teach；　learn；　or　begone。

The　founder；　in　the　ordinances　to　be　observed　in　this　school；　says　he　founded　it　to　the　honour　of　the　Child　Jesus；　and　of　His　blessed　mother　Mary；　and　directs　that　the　master　be　of　a　healthful　constitution；　honest；　virtuous；　and　learned　in　Greek　and　Latin；　that　he　be　a　married　or　single　man；　or　a　priest　that　hath　no　cure；　that　his　wages　should　be　a　mark　a　week；　and　a　livery　gown　of　four　nobles；　with　a　house　in　town；　and　another　at　Stebonheath　（Stepney）；　that　there　should　be　no　play…days　granted　but　to　the　King；　or　some　bishop　in　person：　　that　the　scholars　every　Childermas　Day　should　go　to　St。　Paul's　Church；　and　hear　the　child…bishop　sermon；　and　afterwards　at　high　mass　each　of　them　offer　a　penny　to　the　child…bishop：　　and　committed　the　care　of　the　school　to　the　Company　of　Mercers；　the　stipends　to　the　masters；　the　officers'　salaries；　&c。；　belonging　to　the　school；　amounting　at　first　to　118　pounds　14s。　7d。　1ob。　per　annum；　but　the　rents　and　revenues　of　the　school　being　of　late　years　considerably　advanced；　the　salaries　of　the　masters　have　been　more　than　doubled；　and　many　exhibitions　granted　to　those　who　go　to　the　university；　of　10　pounds　and　6　pounds　odd　money　per　annum。　　The　second　master　hath　a　handsome　house　near　the　school；　as　well　as　the　first　master。

The　school　at　Mercers'　Chapel；　in　Cheapside；　hath　the　same　patrons　and　governors　as　that　of　St。　Paul's；　viz。；　the　Mercers；　who　allow　the　master　a　salary　of　40　pounds　per　annum；　and　a　house；　for　teaching　twenty…five　scholars　gratis。

Merchant　Taylors'　School　is　situated　near　Cannon　Street；　on　St。　Lawrence　Poultney　（or　Pountney）　Hill。　　This　school；　I　am　told；　consists　of　six　forms；　in　which　are　three　hundred　lads；　one　hundred　of　whom　are　taught　gratis；　another　hundred　pay　two　shillings　and　sixpence　per　quarter；　and　the　third　hundred　five　shillings　a　quarter；　for　instructing　of　whom　there　is　a　master　and　three　ushers：　and　out　of　these　scholars　some　are　annually；　on　St。　Barnabas'　Day；　the　11th　of　June；　elected　to　St。　John's　College；　in　Oxford；　where　there　are　forty…six　fellowships　belonging　to　the　school。

As　to　the　charity　schools：　　there　are　in　all　131；　some　for　boys；　others　for　girls；　where　the　children　are　taught；　if　boys；　to　read；　write；　and　account；　if　girls；　to　read；　sew；　and　knit；　who　are　all　clothed　and　fitted　for　service　or　trades　gratis。

I　proceed　in　the　next　place　to　show　how　well　London　is　supplied　with　water；　firing；　bread…corn；　flesh；　fish；　beer；　wine；　and　other　provisions。

And　as　to　water；　no　city　was　ever　better　furnished　with　it；　for　every　man　has　a　pipe　or　fountain　of　good　fresh　water　brought　into　his　house；　for　less　than　twenty　shillings　a　year；　unless　brewhouses；　and　some　other　great　houses　and　places　that　require　more　water　than　an　ordinary　family　consumes；　and　these　pay　in　proportion　to　the　quantity　they　spend；　many　houses　have　several　pipes　laid　in；　and　may　have　one　in　every　room；　if　they　think　fit；　which　is　a　much　greater　convenience　than　two　or　three　fountains　in　a　street；　for　which　some　towns　in　other　countries　are　so　much　admired。

These　pipes　of　water　are　chiefly　supplied　from　the　waterworks　at　London　Bridge；　Westminster；　Chelsea；　and　the　New　River。

Besides　the　water　brought　from　the　Thames　and　the　New　River；　there　are　a　great　many　good　springs；　pumps；　and　conduits　about　the　town；　which　afford　excellent　water　for　drinking。　　There　are　also　m