london in 1731-第17节

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　were；　most　of　them　enriching　this　abbey　with　large　revenues；　but　King　Henry　III。　ordered　the　church　built　by　Edward　the　Confessor　to　be　pulled　down；　and　erected　the　present　magnificent　fabric　in　the　room　of　it；　of　which　he　laid　the　first　stone　about　the　year　1245。

That　admired　piece　of　architecture　at　the　east　end；　dedicated　to　the　Virgin　Mary；　was　built　by　Henry　VII。；　anno　1502；　and　from　the　founder　is　usually　called　Henry　the　VII。's　Chapel。　　Here　most　of　the　English　monarchs　since　that　time　have　been　interred。

The　dimensions　of　the　abbey…church；　according　to　the　new　survey；　are　as　follows；　viz。：…　The　length　of　the　church；　from　the　west　end　of　it　to　the　east　end　of　St。　Edward's　Chapel；　is　354　feet；　the　breadth　of　the　west　end；　66　feet；　the　breadth　of　the　cross　aisle；　from　north　to　south；　189　feet；　the　height　of　the　middle　roof；　92　feet；　the　distance　from　the　west　end　of　the　church　to　the　choir；　162　feet；　and　from　the　west　end　to　the　cross　aisle；　220　feet；　the　distance　from　the　east　end　of　St。　Edward's　Chapel　to　the　west　end　of　Henry　VII。's　Chapel；　36　feet；　and　the　length　of　Henry　VII。's　Chapel；　99　feet：　　so　that　the　length　of　the　whole　building　is　489　feet；　the　breadth　of　Henry　VII。's　Chapel；　66　feet；　and　the　height；　54　feet。　　The　nave　and　cross　aisles　of　the　abbey…church　are　supported　by　fifty　slender　pillars；　of　Sussex　marble；　besides　forty…five　demi…pillars　or　pilasters。　　There　are　an　upper　and　lower　range　of　windows；　being　ninety…four　in　number；　those　at　the　four　ends　of　the　cross　very　spacious。　　All　which；　with　the　arches；　roofs；　doors；　&c。；　are　of　the　ancient　Gothic　order。　　Above　the　chapiters　the　pillars　spread　into　several　semi…cylindrical　branches；　forming　and　adorning　the　arches　of　the　pillars；　and　those　of　the　roofs　of　the　aisles；　which　are　three　in　number；　running　from　east　to　west；　and　a　cross　aisle　running　from　north　to　south。　　The　choir　is　paved　with　black　and　white　marble；　in　which　are　twenty…eight　stalls　on　the　north　side；　as　many　on　the　fourth；　and　eight　at　the　west　end；　from　the　choir　we　ascend　by　several　steps　to　a　most　magnificent　marble　altarpiece；　which　would　be　esteemed　a　beauty　in　an　Italian　church。


Beyond　the　altar　is　King　Edward　the　Confessor's　Chapel；　surrounded　with　eleven　or　twelve　other　chapels　replenished　with　monuments　of　the　British　nobility；　for　a　particular　whereof　I　refer　the　reader　to　the　〃Antiquities　of　St。　Peter；　or　the　Abbey…Church　of　Westminster；〃　by　J。　Crull；　M。D。　Lond。　1711；　8vo；　and　the　several　supplements　printed　since；　and　shall　only　take　notice　of　those　of　the　kings　and　queens　in　the　chapel　of　St。　Edward　the　Confessor；　which　are　as　follows；　viz。；　Edward　I。；　King　of　England；　Henry　III。；　Matilda；　wife　of　Henry　I。；　Queen　Eleanor；　wife　of　Edward　I。；　St。　Edward　the　Confessor；　and　Queen　Editha；　his　wife；　Henry　V。；　and　Queen　Catherine　of　Valois；　his　wife；　Edward　III。；　and　Queen　Philippa；　his　wife；　Richard　II。；　and　Queen　Anne；　his　wife。　　And　on　the　south　side　of　the　choir；　King　Sebert；　and　Queen　Anne　of　Cheve；　wife　to　Henry　VIII。　East　of　St。　Edward's　Chapel　is　that　of　Henry　VII。；　dedicated　to　the　blessed　Virgin　Mary；　to　which　we　ascend　by　twelve　stone　steps。　　At　the　west　end　whereof　are　three　brazen　doors　finely　wrought；　which　give　an　entrance　into　it。　　The　stalls　on　the　north　and　south　sides　are　exquisitely　carved。　　The　roof　is　supported　by　twelve　pillars　and　arches　of　the　Gothic　order；　abounding　with　enrichments　of　carved　figures；　fruit；　&c。　　At　the　east　end　is　a　spacious　window　with　stained　glass；　besides　which　there　are　thirteen　other　windows　above；　and　as　many　below　on　the　north　and　south　sides。　　Under　each　of　the　thirteen　uppermost　windows　are　five　figures　placed　in　niches；　representing　kings；　queens；　bishops；　&c。；　and　under　them　the　figures　of　as　many　angels　supporting　imperial　crowns。　　The　roof；　which　is　all　stone；　is　divided　into　sixteen　circles；　curiously　wrought；　and　is　the　admiration　of　all　that　see　it。

The　outside　of　this　chapel　was　adorned　with　fourteen　towers；　three　figures　being　placed　in　niches　on　each　of　them；　which　were　formerly　much　admired；　but　the　stone　decaying　and　mouldering　away；　they　make　but　an　odd　appearance　at　present。

In　this　chapel　have　been　interred　most　of　the　English　kings　since　Richard　III。；　whose　tombs　are　no　small　ornament　to　it；　particularly　that　of　Henry　VII。；　the　founder；　which　stands　in　the　middle　of　the　area　towards　the　east　end。

The　tomb　is　composed　of　a　curious　pedestal　whose　sides　are　adorned　with　various　figures；　as　the　north　with　those　of　six　men；　the　east　with　those　of　two　cupids　supporting　the　king's　arms　and　an　imperial　crown；　on　the　south　side；　also；　six　figures；　circumscribedas　those　on　the　north　sidewith　circles　of　curious　workmanship；　the　most　easterly　of　which　contains　the　figure　of　an　angel　treading　on　a　dragon。　　Here　is　also　a　woman　and　a　child；　seeming　to　allude　to　Rev。　xii。；　and　on　the　west　end　the　figure　of　a　rose　and　an　imperial　crown；　supported　with　those　of　a　dragon　and　a　greyhound：　　on　the　tomb　are　the　figures　of　the　king　and　queen；　lying　at　full　length；　with　four　angels；　one　at　each　angle　of　the　tomb；　all　very　finely　done　in　brass。

The　screen　or　fence　is　also　of　solid　brass；　very　strong　and　spacious；　being　in　length　19　feet；　in　breadth　11；　and　the　altitude　11；　adorned　with　forty…two　pillars　and　their　arches；　also；　twenty　smaller　hollow　columns　and　their　arches　in　the　front　of　the　former；　and　joined　at　the　cornice；　on　which　cornice　is　a　kind　of　acroteria；　enriched　with　roses　and　portcullises　interchanged　in　the　upper　part；　and　with　the　small　figures　of　dragons　and　greyhounds　（the　supporters　aforesaid）　in　the　lower　part；　and　at　each　of　the　four　angles　is　a　strong　pillar　made　open；　or　hollow；　composed　in　imitation　of　diaper　and　Gothic　archwork；　the　four　sides　have　been　adorned　with　thirty…　two　figures　of　men；　about　a　cubit　high；　placed　in　niches；　of　which　there　are　only　seven　left；　the　rest　being　stolen　away　（one　Raymond；　about　the　11th　of　Queen　Elizabeth；　having　been　twice　indicted　for　the　same）；　and　about　the　middle　of　the　upper　part　of　each　of　the　four　sides　is　a　spacious　branch　adorned　with　the　figure　of　a　rose；　where　might　on　occasion　be　placed　lamps。　　This　admirable　piece　of　art　is　open　at　top；　and　has　two　portals；　one　on　the　north；　the　other　on　the　south　side；　all　of　fine　brass。

This　Royal　founder's　epitaph：


Septimus　Henricus　tumulo　requiescit　in　isto；　Qui　regum　splendor；　lumen　et　orbis　erat。　Rex　vigil　et　sapiens；　comes　virtutis；　amatur；　Egregius　forma；　strenuus　atque　potens。　Qui　peperit　pacem　regno；　qui　bella　peregit　Plurima；　qui　victor　semper　ab　hoste　redit；　Qui　natas　binis　conjunxit　regibus　ambas；　Regibus　et　cunctis　faedere　junctus　erat。

Qui　sacrum　hoc　struxit　templum；　statuitque；　sepulchrum　Pro　se；　proque　sua　conjuge；　proque　domo。　Lustra　decem　atque；　annos　tres　plus　compleverit　annos；

Nam　tribus　octenis　regia　sceptra　tulit；　Quindecies　Domini　centenus　fluxerat　annus；　Currebat　nonus；　cum　venit　atra　dies；　Septima　ter　mensis　lux　tunc　fulgebat　Aprilis；　Cum　clausit　summum　tanta　corona　diem。　Nulla　dedere　prius　tantum　sibi　saecula　regem　Anglia；　vix　similem　posteriora　dabunt。

Septimus　hic　situs　est　Henricus　gloria　regum　Cunctorum；　ipsius　qui　tempestate　fuerunt；　Ingenio　atque；　opibus　gestarum　et　nomine　rerum；　Accessere　quibus　naturae　dona　benignae：　Frontis　honos　facies　augusta　heroica　forma；　Junctaque　ei　suavis　conjux　per　pulchra　pudica；　Et　faecunda　fuit；　felices　prole　parentes；　Henricum　quibus　octavum　terra　Anglia　debet。


Under　the　figure　of　the　king。


Hic　jacet　Henricus　ejus　nominis　septimus；　Anglicae　quondam　rex；　Edmundi　Richmondiae　comitis　filius；　qui　die　22　Aug。　　Rex　creatus；　statim　post　apud　Westmonasterium　die　30　Octob。　coronatur　1485。　Moritur　deinde　21　die　Aprilis　anno　aetat。　53；　regnavit　annos　23；　menses　8；　minus　uno　die。


Under　the　queen's　figure。


Hic　jacet　regina　Elizabetha；　Edvardi　quarti　quondam　regis　filia；　Edvardi　quinti　regis　quondam　nominatur　soror：　　Henrici　septimi　olim　regis　conjux；　atque；　Henrici　octavi　regis　mater　inclyta；　obiit　autem　suum　diem　in　turri　Londoniarum　die　secund。　　Feb。　anno　Domini　1502；　37　annorum　aetate　functa。


The　modern　tombs　in　the　abbey；　best　worth　the　viewing；　are　those　of　the　duke　of　Newcastle；　on　the　left　hand　as　we　enter　the　north　door；　of　Sir　Isaac　Newton；　at　the　west　end　of　the　choir；　of　Sir　Godfrey　Kneller；　and　Mr。　Secretary　Craggs　at　the　west　end　of　the　abbey；　of　Mr。　Prior　among　the　poets　at　the　door　which　faces　the　Old　Palace　Yard；　of　the　Duke　of　Buckingham　in　Henry　VII。th's　chapel；　and　that　of　Doctor　Chamberlain　on　the　North　side　of　the　choir：　　most　of　these　are　admirable　pieces　of　sculpture；　and　show　that　the　statuary's　art　is　not　entirely　lost　in　this　country；　though　it　must　be　confessed　the　English　fall　short　of　the　Italians　in　this　science。

Westminster　Hall　is　one　of　the　largest　rooms　in　Europe；　being　two　hundred　and　twenty…eight　feet　in　length；　fifty…six　feet　broad；　and　ninety　feet　high。　　The　walls　are　of　stone；　the　windows　of　the　Gothic　form；　the　floor　stone；　and　the　roof　of　timber　covered　with　lead；　and　having　not　one　pillar　in　it；　is　supported　by　buttresses。　　It　is　usually　observed　that　there　are　no　cobwebs　ever　seen　in　this　hall；　and　the　reason　given　for　this　is；　that　the　timber　of　which　the　roof　is　composed　is　Ir