london in 1731-第13节

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the　new　fellow　pays　forty　shillings　to　the　treasurer；　and　two…and…fifty　shillings　per　annum　afterwards　by　quarterly　payments；　towards　the　charges　of　the　experiments；　the　salaries　of　the　officers　of　the　house；　&c。

Behind　the　house　they　have　a　repository；　containing　a　collection　of　the　productions　of　nature　and　art。　　They　have　also　a　well…chosen　library；　consisting　of　many　thousand　volumes；　most　of　them　relating　to　natural　philosophy；　and　they　publish　from　time　to　time　the　experiments　made　by　them；　of　which　there　are　a　great　number　of　volumes；　called　〃Philosophical　Transactions。〃

The　Hospital　of　St。　Bartholomew；　on　the　south　side　of　Smithfield；　is　contiguous　to　the　church　of　Little　St。　Bartholomew。　　It　was　at　first　governed　by　a　master；　eight　brethren；　and　four　sisters；　who　had　the　care　of　the　sick　and　infirm　that　were　brought　thither。　　King　Henry　VIII。　endowed　it　with　a　yearly　revenue　of　five　hundred　more　yearly　for　the　relief　of　one　hundred　infirm　people。　　And　since　that　time　the　hospital　is　so　increased　and　enlarged；　by　the　benefactions　given　to　it；　that　it　receives　infirm　people　at　present　from　all　parts　of　England。　　In　the　year　1702　a　beautiful　frontispiece　was　erected　towards　Smithfield；　adorned　with　pilasters；　entablature；　and　pediment　of　the　Ionic　order；　with　the　figure　of　the　founder；　King　Henry　VIII。；　in　a　niche；　standing　in　full　proportion；　and　the　figures　of　two　cripples　on　the　pediment：　　but　the　most　considerable　improvements　to　the　building　were　made　in　the　year　1731；　of　the　old　buildings　being　pulled　down；　and　a　magnificent　pile　erected　in　the　room　of　them　about　150　feet　in　length；　faced　with　a　pure　white　stone；　besides　other　additions　now　building。

There　are　two　houses　belonging　to　this　hospital；　the　one　in　Kent　Street；　called　the　Lock；　and　the　other　at　Kingsland；　whither　such　unfortunate　people　as　are　afflicted　with　the　French　disease　are　sent　and　taken　care　of；　that　they　may　not　prove　offensive　to　the　rest；　for　surely　more　miserable　objects　never　were　beheld；　many　of　them　having　their　noses　and　great　part　of　their　faces　eaten　off；　and　become　so　noisome　frequently；　that　their　stench　cannot　be　borne；　their　very　bones　rotting　while　they　remain　alive。

This　hospital　is　governed　by　the　Lord　Mayor　and　Aldermen；　with　about　three　hundred　other　substantial　citizens　and　gentlemen　of　quality；　who　generally　become　benefactors；　and　from　these　and　their　friends　the　hospital　has　been　able　to　subsist　such　numbers　of　infirm　people；　and　to　perform　the　surprising　cures　they　have　done；　for　the　patients　are　duly　attended　by　the　best　physicians　and　surgeons　in　London；　and　so　well　supplied　with　lodging　and　diet　proper　to　their　respective　cases；　that　much　fewer　miscarry　here；　in　proportion；　than　in　the　great　hospital　of　invalids；　and　others　the　French　so　much　boast　of　in　Paris。

Those　that　have　the　immediate　care　of　the　hospital　are；　the　president；　the　treasurer；　the　auditors　of　accounts；　viewers　of　their　revenues；　overseers　of　the　goods　and　utensils　of　the　hospital；　and　the　almoners；　who　buy　in　provisions　and　necessaries　for　the　patients。

A　committee；　consisting　of　the　treasurer；　almoners；　and　some　other　of　the　governors；　meet　twice　a　week　to　inspect　the　government　of　the　house；　to　discharge　such　persons　as　are　cured；　and　to　admit　others。

26。　　Bridge　Ward　Without　contains　in　chief　the　Borough；　or　Long　Southwark；　St。　Margaret's　Hill；　Blackman　Street；　Stony　Street；　St。　Thomas's　Street；　Counter　Street；　the　Mint　Street；　Maiden　Lane；　the　Bankside；　Bandy…leg　Walk；　Bennet's　Rents；　George　Street；　Suffolk　Street；　Redcross　Street；　Whitecross　Street；　Worcester　Street；　Castle　Street；　Clink　Street；　Deadman's　Place；　New　Rents；　Gravel　Lane；　Dirty　Lane；　St。　Olave's　Street；　Horselydown；　Crucifix　Lane；　Five…foot　Lane；　Barnaby　Street；　Long　Lane　and　Street。

The　Bankside　consists　of　certain　houses　so　called　from　their　lying　on　the　south　bank　of　the　Thames　to　the　westward　of　the　bridge。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are；　St。　Thomas's　Church　and　Hospital；　Guy's　Hospital　for　Incurables；　the　church　of　St。　Saviour；　the　church　of　St。　Olave；　and　that　of　St。　George；　the　Bridge　House；　the　King's　Bench　Prison；　the　Marshalsea；　and　the　Clink　Prison；　the　Sessions　House；　Compter；　and　New　Prison。

The　Hospital　of　St。　Thomas　consists　of　four　spacious　courts；　in　the　first　of　which　are　six　wards　for　women。　　In　the　second　stands　the　church；　and　another　chapel；　for　the　use　of　the　hospital。　　Here　also　are　the　houses　of　the　treasurer；　hospitaller；　steward；　cook；　and　butler。　　In　the　third　court　are　seven　wards　for　men；　with　an　apothecary's　shop；　store…rooms　and　laboratory。　　In　the　fourth　court　are　two　wards　for　women；　with　a　surgery；　hot　and　cold　baths；　&c。　And　in　the　year　1718　another　magnificent　building　was　erected　by　the　governors；　containing　lodgings　and　conveniences　for　a　hundred　infirm　persons。　　So　that　this　hospital　is　capable　of　containing　five　hundred　patients　and　upwards　at　one　time；　and　there　are　between　four　and　five　thousand　people　annually　cured　and　discharged　out　of　it；　many　of　them　being　allowed　money　to　bear　their　charges　to　their　respective　dwellings。

But　one　of　the　greatest　charities　ever　attempted　by　a　private　citizen　was　that　of　Thomas　Guy；　Esq。；　originally　a　bookseller　of　London；　and　afterwards　a　Member　of　Parliament　for　Tamworth；　who；　having　acquired　an　immense　fortune；　founded　a　hospital　for　incurables；　on　a　spot　of　ground　adjoining　to　St。　Thomas's　Hospital；　and　saw　the　noble　fabric　in　a　good　forwardness　in　his　lifetime；　assigning　about　two　hundred　thousand　pounds　towards　the　building；　and　endowing　it；　insomuch　that　it　is　computed　there　may　be　an　ample　provision　for　four　hundred　unhappy　people；　who　shall　be　given　over　by　physicians　and　surgeons　as　incurable。　　This　gentleman　died　in　December；　1724；　having　first　made　his　will；　and　appointed　trustees　to　see　his　pious　design　duly　executed。　　He　gave　also　several　thousand　pounds　to　Christ's　Hospital；　and　a　thousand　pounds　a　piece　to　fifty　of　his　poor　relations；　but　the　will　being　in　print；　I　refer　the　reader　to　it　for　a　more　particular　account　of　this　noble　charity。

The　first　church　and　hospital；　dedicated　to　St。　Thomas　a　Becket；　was　erected　by　the　Prior　of　Bermondsey；　so　long　since　as　the　year　1013；　but　the　hospital　was　refounded；　and　the　revenues　increased；　anno　1215；　by　Peter　de　Rupibus；　Bishop　of　Winchester；　in　whose　diocese　it　was　situated；　continuing；　however；　to　be　held　of　the　priors　of　Bermondsey　till　the　year　1428；　when　the　Abbot　of　Bermondsey　relinquished　his　interest　to　the　master　of　the　hospital　for　a　valuable　consideration。　　In　the　year　1538　this　hospital　was　surrendered　to　King　Henry　VIII。；　being　then　valued　at　266　pounds　17s。　6d。　per　annum。　　And　in　the　following　reign；　the　City　of　London　having　purchased　the　buildings　of　the　Crown；　continued　them　a　hospital　for　sick　and　wounded　people；　and　King　Edward　VI。　granted　them　some　of　the　revenues　of　the　dissolved　hospitals　and　monasteries　towards　maintaining　it：　　but　these　were　inconsiderable　in　comparison　of　the　large　and　numerous　benefactions　that　have　since　been　bestowed　upon　it　by　the　Lord　Mayor；　aldermen；　and　other　wealthy　citizens　and　men　of　quality；　governors　of　it；　who　are　seldom　fewer　than　two　or　three　hundred；　every　one　of　them　looking　upon　themselves　to　be　under　some　obligation　of　making　an　addition　to　the　revenues　of　the　hospital　they　have　the　direction　of。　　A　committee　of　the　governors　sit　every　Thursday；　to　consider　what　patients　are　fit　to　be　discharged；　and　to　admit　others。

The　government　of　the　City　of　London；　it　is　observed；　resembles　that　of　the　kingdom　in　general；　the　Lord　Mayor　is　compared　to　the　king；　the　aldermen　to　the　nobility　or　upper　house；　and　the　common　councilmen　to　the　commons　of　England。

This　assembly；　consisting　of　the　Lord　Mayor；　aldermen；　and　common　councilmen；　has　obtained　the　name　of　The　Common　Council；　and　has　a　power；　by　their　charters；　of　making　such　bye…laws　and　statutes　as　are　obligatory　to　the　citizens。　　It　is　called　and　adjourned　by　the　Lord　Mayor　at　pleasure；　and　out　of　it　are　formed　several　committees；　viz。1。　A　committee　of　six　aldermen　and　twelve　commoners　for　letting　the　City　lands；　which　usually　meets　every　Wednesday　at　Guildhall　for　that　end。　　2。　A　committee　of　four　aldermen　and　eight　commoners　for　letting　the　lands　and　tenements　given　by　Sir　Thomas　Gresham；　who　meets　at　Mercers'　Hall　on　a　summons　from　the　Lord　Mayor。　　3。　Commissioners　of　Sewers　and　Pavements；　elected　annually。　And；　4。　A　governor；　deputy…governor　and　assistants；　for　the　management　of　City　lands　in　the　province　of　Ulster　in　Ireland。

The　other　principal　courts　in　the　City　are；　1。　The　Court　of　Aldermen。　　2。　The　Court　of　Hustings。　　3。　The　Lord　Mayor's　Court。　　4。　The　Sheriff's　Court。　　5。　The　Chamberlain's　Court。　　6。　The　Court　of　the　City　Orphans。　　7。　The　Court　of　Conscience。　　8。　The　Courts　of　Wardmote。　　And；　9。　The　Courts　of　Hallmote。

Besides　which；　there　is　a　Court　of　Oyer　and　Terminer　and　Jail　Delivery；　held　eight　times　a　year　at　Justice　Hall　in　the　Old　Bailey；　for　the　trial　of　criminals。

1。　　In　the　Lord　Mayor　and　Court　of　Aldermen　is　lodged　the　executive　power　in　a　great　measure；　and　by　these　most　of　the　city　officers　are　appointed；　viz。；　the　recorder；　four　common　pleaders；　the　comptroller　of　the　c