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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及33准

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That it would not do。        But the quickest way of restoring good conditions 

in   Russia   was�察  �of   course�察  �peace   and   agreement   with   the Allies。   ;I   am 

sure we could come to terms�察�if they want to come to terms at all。 England 

and America   would   be   willing�察  �perhaps�察  �if   their   hands   were   not   tied   by 

France。     But intervention in the large sense can now hardly be。 They must 

have learnt that Russia could never be governed as India is governed�察�and 

that sending troops here is the same thing as sending them to a Communist 

University。; 

       I  said  something     about    the  general    hostility  to  their  propaganda 

noticeable in foreign countries。 

       Lenin。    ;Tell    them   to  build   a  Chinese    wall   round    each   of  their 

countries。     They have their customs´officers�察�their   frontiers�察�their   coast´ 

guards。     They can expel any Bolsheviks they wish。              Revolution does not 

depend on propaganda。           If the conditions of revolution are not there no 

sort of propaganda will either hasten or impede it。              The war has brought 

about those conditions in all countries�察�and I am convinced that if Russia 

today were to be swallowed up by the sea�察�were to cease to exist altogether�察�

the revolution in the rest of Europe would go on。             Put Russia under water 

for twenty years�察�and you would not affect by a shilling or an hour a week 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



the demand�察�of the shop´stewards in England。; 

       I told him�察�what I have told most of them many times�察�that I did not 

believe there would be a revolution in England。 

       Lenin。 ;We have a saying that a man may have typhoid while still on 

his legs。 Twenty�察�maybe thirty years ago I had abortive typhoid�察�and was 

going about with it�察�had had it some days before it knocked me over。 Well�察�

England and France and Italy have caught the disease already。                      England 

may seem to you to be untouched�察�but the microbe is already there。; 

       I   said   that   just  as   his   typhoid     was    abortive    typhoid�察    �so   the 

disturbances      in   England     to  which    he   alluded    might    well   be   abortive 

revolution�察    �and    come    to  nothing。    I  told  him    the  vague�察   �disconnected 

character   of   the   strikes   and   the   generally   liberal   as   opposed   to   socialist 

character of the movement�察           �so far as it was political at all�察�reminded me 

of what I had heard of 1905 in Russia and not at all of 1917�察�and that I was 

sure it would settle down。 

       Lenin。   ;Yes�察  �that   is   possible。   It   is�察  �perhaps�察  �an   educative   period�察  �in 

which the English workmen will come to realize their political needs�察�and 

turn from liberalism to Socialism。 Socialism is certainly weak in England。 

Your     socialist   movements�察      �your   socialist   parties   。  。  。  when   I  was   in 

England I zealously attended everything I could�察�and for a country with so 

large an industrial population they were pitiable�察�pitiable 。 。 。 a handful at a 

street   corner   。   。   。   a   meeting   in   a   drawing   room   。   。   。   a   school   class   。   。   。 

pitiable。 But you must remember one great difference between Russia of 

1905 and England of to´day。            Our first Soviet in Russia was made during 

the   revolution。     Your   shop´stewards   committees   have   been   in   existence 

long   before。      They   are   without   programme�察  �without   direction�察  �but   the 

opposition they will meet will force a programme upon them。; 

       Speaking of the expected visit of the Berne delegation�察�he asked me if 

I   knew     MacDonald�察       �whose     name    had    been    substituted     for  that   of 

Henderson in later telegrams announcing their coming。                     He ��said�此 �I am 

very     glad   MacDonald       is   coming     instead    of  Henderson。       Of    course 

MacDonald is not a Marxist   in any sense of the  word�察�but he is at   least 

interested     in  theory�察   �and   can   therefore    be   trusted    to  do   his  best   to 

understand what is happening here。 More than that we do not ask。; 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



       We   then   talked   a   little   on   a   subject   that   interests   me   very   much�察�

namely�察�the way in which insensibly�察�quite apart from war�察�the Communist 

theories are being modified in the difficult process of their translation into 

practice。     We talked of the changes in ;workers' control�察─�which is now a 

very  different   thing   from  the   wild   committee business   that   at   first   made 

work almost impossible。           We talked then of the antipathy of the peasants 

to compulsory communism�察�and how that idea also had been considerably 

whittled away。        I asked him what were going to be the relations between 

the    Communists       of   the  towns     and   the   property´loving      peasants�察   �and 

whether there was not great danger of antipathy between them�察�and said I 

regretted leaving too soon to see the elasticity of the Communist theories 

tested by the inevitable pressure of the peasantry。 

       Lenin said that in Russia there was a pretty sharp distinction between 

the   rich   peasants   and   the   poor。   ;The   only   opposition   we   have   here   in 

Russia is directly or indirectly due to the rich peasants。              The poor�察�as soon 

as they are liberated from the political domination of the rich�察�are on our 

side and are in an enormous majority。; 

       I said that would not be so in the Ukraine�察�where property among the 

peasants is much more equally distributed。 

       Lenin。  ;No。      And   there�察�in   the   Ukraine�察  �you   will   certainly  see   our 

policy modified。        Civil war�察�whatever happens�察�is likely to be more bitter 

in the Ukraine than elsewhere�察�because there the instinct of property has 

been further developed in the peasantry�察�and the minority and majority will 

be more equal。; 

       He asked me if I meant to return�察�saying that I could go down to Kiev 

to   watch   the   revolution   there   as   I   had   watched   it   in   Moscow。  I   said   I 

should   be   very   sorry   to   think   that   this   was   my   last   visit   to   the   country 

which   I   love   only   second   to   my   own。     He   laughed�察  �and   paid   me   the 

compliment        of   saying    that�察  �although     English�察─    �I  had   more     or  less 

succeeded   in   understanding   what   they   were   at�察  �and   that   he   should   be 

pleased to see me again。 


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                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



                     THE JOURNEY OUT 



     March 15th。 

       There is nothing to record about the last few days of my visit�察�fully 

occupied as they were with the collection and packing of printed material 

and   preparations   for   departure。   I   left   with   the   two   Americans�察  �Messrs。 

Bullitt and Steffens�察�who had come to Moscow some days previously�察�and 

travelled up in the train with Bill Shatov�察�the Commandant of Petrograd�察�

who is not a Bolshevik but a fervent admirer of Prince Kropotkin�察�for the 

distribution of whose works in Russia he has probably done as much as 

any   man。     Shatov   was   an   emigr=82   in   New   York�察  �returned   to   Russia�察�

brought   law   and   order   into   the   chaos   of   the   Petrograd´Moscow   railway�察�

never   lost   a   chance   of   doing   a   good   turn   to   an American�察  �and   with   his 

level´headedness   and   practical   sense   became   one   of   the   hardest   worked 

servants   of the  Soviet�察  �although�察 �as he   said�察  �the  moment   people   stopped 

attacking   them   he   would   be   the   first   to   pull   down   the   Bolsheviks。 He 

went into the occupied provinces during the German evacuation of them�察�

to buy arms and ammunition from the German soldiers。                    Prices�察�he said�察�

ran low。     You could buy rifles for a mark each�察�field guns for 150 marks�察�

and     a  field   wireless    station    for   500。    He     had    then   been    made 

Commandant of Petrograd�察�although there had been some talk of setting 

him    to   reorganize    transport。   Asked     how    long   he   thought    the  Soviet 

Government could hold but�察�he replied�察 �We can afford to starve another 

year for the sake of the Revolution。; 


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