russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及3准
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
Kornilov himself reviewing the Junkers。 My mind went further back to
the March revolution�察 �and saw once more the picket fire of the
revolutionaries at the corner that night when the remains of the Tzar's
Government were still frantically printing proclamations ordering the
people to go home�察�at the very moment while they themselves were being
besieged in the Admiralty。 Then it flung itself further back still�察�to the
day of the declaration of war�察 �when I saw this same square filled with
people�察�while the Tzar came out for a moment on the Palace balcony。 By
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RUSSIA IN 1919
that time we were pulling up at the Astoria and I had to turn my mind to
something else。
The Astoria is now a bare barrack of a place�察�but comparatively clean。
During the war and the first part of the revolution it was tenanted chiefly
by officers�察�and owing to the idiocy of a few of these at the time of the
first revolution in shooting at a perfectly friendly crowd of soldiers and
sailors�察 �who came there at first with no other object than to invite the
officers to join them�察 �the place was badly smashed up in the resulting
scrimmage。 I remember with Major Scale fixing up a paper announcing
the fall of Bagdad either the night this happened or perhaps the night
before。 People rushed up to it�察 �thinking it some news about the
revolution�察 �and turned impatiently away。 All the damage has been
repaired�察 �but the red carpets have gone�察 �perhaps to make banners�察 �and
many of the electric lights were not burning�察 �probably because of the
shortage in electricity。 I got my luggage upstairs to a very pleasant room
on the fourth floor。 Every floor of that hotel had its memories for me。 In
this room lived that brave reactionary officer who boasted that he had
made a raid on the Bolsheviks and showed little Madame Kollontai's hat
as a trophy。 In this I used to listen to Perceval Gibbon when he was
talking about how to write short stories and having influenza。 There was
the room where Miss Beatty used to give tea to tired revolutionaries and to
still more tired enquirers into the nature of revolution while she wrote the
only book that has so far appeared which gives anything like a true
impresionist picture of those unforgettable days。* �В�*��;The Red Heart of
Russia。;�А �Close by was the room where poor Denis Garstin used to talk
of the hunting he would have when the war should come to an end。
I enquired for a meal�察�and found that no food was to be had in the
hotel�察�but they could supply hot water。 Then�察�to get an appetite for sleep�察�
I went out for a short walk�察 �though I did not much like doing so with
nothing but an English passport�察�and with no papers to show that I had any
right to be there。 I had�察 �like the other foreigners�察 �been promised such
papers but had not yet received them。 I went round to the Regina�察�which
used to be one of the best hotels in the town�察 �but those of us who had
rooms there were complaining so bitterly that I did not stay with them�察�but
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RUSSIA IN 1919
went off along the Moika to the Nevsky and so back to my own hotel。
The streets�察�like the hotel�察�were only half lit�察�and hardly any of the houses
had a lighted window。 In the old sheepskin coat I had worn on the front
and in my high fur hat�察�I felt like some ghost of the old regime visiting a
town long dead。 The silence and emptiness of the streets contributed to
this effect。 Still�察�the few people I met or passed were talking cheerfully
together and the rare sledges and motors had comparatively good roads�察�
the streets being certainly better swept and cleaned than they have been
since the last winter of the Russian Empire。
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RUSSIA IN 1919
SMOLNI
Early in the morning I got tea�察�and a bread card on which I was given a
very small allowance of brown bread�察�noticeably better in quality than the
compound of clay and straw which made me ill in Moscow last summer。
Then I went to find Litvinov�察�and set out with him to walk to the Smolni
institute�察 �once a school for the daughters of the aristocracy�察 �then the
headquarters of the Soviet�察 �then the headquarters of the Soviet
Government�察 �and finally�察 �after the Government's evacuation to Moscow�察�
bequeathed to the Northern Commune and the Petrograd Soviet。 The
town�察 �in daylight�察 �seemed less deserted�察 �though it was obvious that the
;unloading; of the Petrograd population�察 �which was unsuccessfully
attempted during the Kerensky regime�察�had been accomplished to a large
extent。 This has been partly the result of famine and of the stoppage of
factories�察�which in its turn is due to the impossibility of bringing fuel and
raw material to Petrograd。 A very large proportion of Russian factory
hands have not�察 �as in other countries�察 �lost their connection with their
native villages。 There was always a considerable annual migration
backwards and forwards between the villages and the town�察 �and great
numbers of workmen have gone home�察�carrying with them the ideas of the
revolution。 It should also be remembered that the bulk of the earlier
formed units of the Red Army is composed of workmen from the towns
who�察 �except in the case of peasants mobilized in districts which have
experienced an occupation by the counter´revolutionaries�察 �are more
determined and better understand the need for discipline than the men
from the country。
The most noticeable thing in Petrograd to anyone returning after six
months' absence is the complete disappearance of armed men。 The town
seems to have returned to a perfectly peaceable condition in the sense that
the need for revolutionary patrols has gone。 Soldiers walking about no
longer carry their rifles�察�and the picturesque figures of the revolution who
wore belts of machine´gun cartridges slung about their persons have gone。
The second noticeable thing�察 �especially in the Nevsky�察 �which was
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RUSSIA IN 1919
once crowded with people too fashionably dressed�察�is the general lack of
new clothes。 I did not see anybody wearing clothes that looked less than
two years old�察�with the exception of some officers and soldiers who are as
well equipped nowadays as at the beginning of the war。 Petrograd ladies
were particularly fond of boots�察�and of boots there is an extreme shortage。
I saw one young woman in a well´preserved�察 �obviously costly fur coat�察�
and beneath it straw shoes with linen wrappings。
We had started rather late�察�so we took a train half´way up the Nevsky。
The tram conductors are still women。 The price of tickets has risen to a
rouble�察�usually�察�I noticed�察�paid in stamps。 It used to be ten kopecks。
The armoured car which used to stand at the entrance of Smolni has
disappeared and been replaced by a horrible statue of Karl Marx�察 �who
stands�察 �thick and heavy�察 �on a stout pedestal�察 �holding behind him an
enormous top´hat like the muzzle of an eighteen´inch gun。 The only
signs of preparations for defence that remain are the pair of light field
guns which�察�rather the worse for weather�察�still stand under the pillars of the
portico which they would probably shake to pieces if ever they should be
fired。 Inside the routine was as it used to be�察�and when I turned down the
passage to get my permit to go upstairs�察�I could hardly believe that I had
been away for so long。 The place is emptier than it was。 There is not
the same eager crowd of country delegates pressing up and down the
corridors and collecting liter