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russia in 1919(1919議躯忽)-及16准

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Arzamas       to   Shikhran。     Twelve     hundred     versts   of   highroad     are   under 

construction。   And   to      meet   the   immediate   needs   of   the      army   we    have 

already   repaired   or   made   8��000   versts   of   roads   of   various   kinds。     As   a 

matter of fact the internal railway net of Russia is by no means as bad as 

people make out。         By its means�察�hampered as we are�察�we have been able 

to   beat   the   counter´revolutionaries�察  �concentrating   our   best   troops�察  �now 

here�察�now there�察�wherever need may be。                 Remember that the whole way 

round     our   enormous      frontiers   we    are  being    forced    to  fight  groups     of 


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                                         RUSSIA IN 1919 



reactionaries   supported   at   first   mostly   by   the   Germans�察  �now   mostly   by 

yourselves�察�by the Roumanians�察�by the Poles�察�and in some districts by the 

Germans   still。      Troops   fighting   on   the   Ural   front   are   fighting   a   month 

later   south   of   Voronezh�察  �and   a   month   later   again   are   having   a   holiday�察�

marching   on   the   heels   of   the   Germans   as   they   evacuate   the   occupied 

provinces。      Some   of   our   troops   are   not   yet   much   good。   One   day   they 

fight�察�and the next they think they would rather not。 So that our best troops�察�

those in which there are most workmen�察�have to be flung in all directions。 

We   are   at   work   all   the   time   enabling   this   to   be   done�察  �and   making   new 

roads to enable it to be done still better。          But what waste�察�when there are 

so many other things we want to do� �

       ;All the time the needs of war are pressing on us。 To´day is the first 

day for two months that we have been able to warm this building。                         We 

have been working here in overcoats and fur hats in a temperature below 

freezing point。      Why�拭      �Wood was already on its way to us�察�when we had 

suddenly to throw troops northwards。               Our wood had to be flung out of 

the wagons�察�and the Red Army put in its place�察�and the wagons sent north 

again。     The thing had to be done�察�and we have had to work as best we 

could     in  the  cold。   Many   of    my    assistants   have   fallen   ill。  Two     only 

yesterday had to be taken home in a condition something like that of a fit�察�

the result of prolonged sedentary work in unheated rooms。                   I have lost the 

use of my right hand for the same reason。; He stretched out his right hand�察�

which he had been keeping in the pocket of his coat。                It was an ugly sight�察�

with swollen�察�immovable fingers�察�like the roots of a vegetable。 

       At this moment some one came in to speak to Pavlovitch。 He stood at 

the   table   a   little   behind   me�察  �so   that   I   did   not   see   him�察  �but   Pavlovitch�察�

noticing that he looked curiously at me�察�said�察 �Are you acquaintances�拭─                    �I 

looked   round   and   saw   Sukhanov�察  �Gorky's   friend�察  �formerly   one   of   the 

cleverest writers on the Novaya Jizn。             I jumped up and shook hands with 

him。 

       ;What�察�have you gone over to the Bolsheviks�拭─�I asked。 

     ;Not at all�察─�said Sukhanov�察�smiling�察 �but I am working here。; 

       ;Sukhanov   thinks   that   we   do   less   harm   than   anybody   else�察─  �said 

Pavlovitch�察�and laughed。          ;Go and talk to him and he'll tell you all there 


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is to be said against us。       And there's lots to say。; 

       Sukhanov was an extremely bitter enemy of the Bolsheviks�察�and was 

very angry with me when�察�over a year ago�察�I told him I was convinced that 

sooner   or   later   he   would   be   working   with   them。     I   told   Pavlovitch   the 

story�察  �and   he   laughed   again。     ;A   long   time   ago�察─  �he   said�察   �Sukhanov 

made   overtures   to   me   through   Miliutin。       I   agreed�察  �and   everything   was 

settled�察�but when a note appeared in              Pravda to say that he was going to 

work in this Committee�察�he grew shy�察�and wrote a contradiction。                     Miliutin 

was very angry and asked me to publish the truth。                I refused�察�but wrote on 

that   day   in   my   diary�察  �Sukhanov   will   come。   Three   months   later   he   was 

already working with us。 One day he told me that in the big diary of the 

revolution   which   he   is   writing�察  �and   will   write   very   well�察  �he   had   some 

special abuse for me。         'I have none for you��' I said�察�'but I will show you 

one page of my own diary��' and I showed him that page�察�and asked him to 

look at the date。      Sukhanov is an honest fellow�察�and was bound to come。; 

       He went on with his talk。 

       ;You know�察�hampered as we are by lack of everything�察�we could not 

put up the fight we are putting up against the reactionaries if it were not 

for    the   real   revolutionary      spirit   of  the   people     as   a  whole。      The 

reactionaries   have   money�察  �munitions�察  �supplies   of   all   kinds�察  �instructors�察�

from outside。 We have nothing�察�and yet we beat them。                   Do you know that 

the   English   have   given   them   tanks�拭     �Have   you   heard   that   in   one   place 

they used gases or something of the kind�察�and blinded eight hundred men�拭�

And yet we win。         Why�拭�Because from every town we capture we get new 

strength。 And   any   town   they   take   is   a   source   of   weakness   to   them�察  �one 

more town to garrison and hold against the wishes of the population。; 

       ;And if you do get peace�察�what then� ─�

       ;We want from abroad all that we cannot make ourselves。 We want a 

hundred   thousand versts   of   rails。       Now  we   have to take   up   rails   in   one 

place   to   lay   them   in   another。  We   want   new   railways   built。      We   want 

dredgers for our canals and river works。             We want excavators。; 

       ;And how do you expect people to sell you these things when your 

foreign credit is not worth a farthing�拭─�

       ;We shall pay in concessions�察�giving foreigners the right to take raw 


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                                          RUSSIA IN 1919 



materials。      Timber�察  �actual   timber�察  �is   as   good   as   credit。   We   have   huge 

areas   of   forest   in   the   north�察  �and   every   country   in   Europe   needs   timber。 

Let that be our currency for foreign purchases。                  We are prepared to say�察�

'You build this�察�or give us that�察�and we will give you the right to take so 

much timber for yourselves。' And so on。                And concessions of other kinds 

also。    As a matter of fact negotiations are now proceeding with a foreign 

firm for the building of a railway from the Obi to Kotlas。; 

       ;But part of that district is not in your hands。 

       ;If we get peace we shall be able to arrange that without difficulty。; 

       Just   as   I   was   going   he   stopped   me�察  �and   evidently   not   in   the   least 

realizing that English people generally have come to think of him and his 

friends   as   of   some   strange   sort   of   devils�察  �if   not   with   horns   and   tails�察�

certainly far removed from human beings�察�he asked�此�

       ;If   we   do   get   peace�察  �don't   you   think   there   will   be   engineers   and 

skilled labourers in England who will volunteer to come out to Russia and 

help us�拭     �There is so much to do that I can promise they will have the 

best we can give them。           We are almost as short of skilled men as we are 

of locomotives。        We are now taking simple unskilled workmen who show 

any  signs   of   brains   and   training   them   as   we   go   along。     There   must   be 

engineers�察�railwaymen�察�mechanics among English socialists who would be 

glad to come。        And of course they need not be socialists�察�so long as they 

are good engineers。; 

       That last suggestion of his is entirely characteristic。              It is impossible 

to make the Bolsheviks realize that the English people feel any hostility 

towards   them。       Nor   do   they   feel   hostility   towards   the   English   as   such。 

On   my   way   back   to   the   hotel   I   met   a   party   of   English   soldiers�察  �taken 

prisoners on the northern   front�察 �walking free�察 �without a  convoy�察  �through 

the streets。 


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                                        RUSSIA IN 1919 



      THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

                    AND THE TERROR 



     February 17th。 

       My general impression that the Soviet revolution has passed through 

its period of internal struggle and is concentrating upon constructive work 

so far as that is allowed by war on all its frontiers�察�and that the population 

is settling d

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