the essays of montaigne, v13-及5准
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
calling his army together。 These silly people did not know how good a
husband he was of his time�此�for he often repeats that it is the best part
of a captain to know how to make use of occasions�察�and his diligence in
his exploits is�察�in truth�察�unheard of and incredible。
If he was not very conscientious in taking advantage of an enemy under
colour of a treaty of agreement�察�he was as little so in this�察�that he
required no other virtue in a soldier but valour only�察�and seldom
punished any other faults but mutiny and disobedience。 He would often
after his victories turn them loose to all sorts of licence�察�dispensing
them for some time from the rules of military discipline�察�saying withal
that he had soldiers so well trained up that�察�powdered and perfumed�察�they
would run furiously to the fight。 In truth�察�he loved to have them richly
armed�察�and made them wear engraved�察�gilded�察�and damasked armour�察�to the
end that the care of saving it might engage them to a more obstinate
defence。 Speaking to them�察�he called them by the name of fellow´
soldiers�察�which we yet use�察�which his successor�察�Augustus�察�reformed��
supposing he had only done it upon necessity�察�and to cajole those who
merely followed him as volunteers��
;Rheni mihi Caesar in undis
Dux erat�察�hic socius�察�facinus quos inquinat�察�aequat�此�
�А�In the waters of the Rhine Caesar was my general�察�here at Rome he
is my fellow。 Crime levels those whom it polluted。;
Lucan�察�v。 289。��
but that this carriage was too mean and low for the dignity of an emperor
and general of an army�察�and therefore brought up the custom of calling
them soldiers only。
With this courtesy Caesar mixed great severity to keep them in awe�察�the
ninth legion having mutinied near Placentia�察�he ignominiously cashiered
them�察�though Pompey was then yet on foot�察�and received them not again to
grace till after many supplications�察�he quieted them more by authority
and boldness than by gentle ways。
In that place where he speaks of his�察�passage over the Rhine to Germany��
he says that�察�thinking it unworthy of the honour of the Roman people to
waft over his army in vessels�察�he built a bridge that they might pass
over dry´foot。 There it was that he built that wonderful bridge of which
he gives so particular a description�察�for he nowhere so willingly dwells
upon his actions as in representing to us the subtlety of his inventions
in such kind of handiwork。
I have also observed this�察�that he set a great value upon his
exhortations to the soldiers before the fight�察�for where he would show
that he was either surprised or reduced to a necessity of fighting�察�he
always brings in this�察�that he had not so much as leisure to harangue his
army。 Before that great battle with those of Tournay�察 �Caesar�察─�says he��
;having given order for everything else�察�presently ran where fortune
carried him to encourage his people�察�and meeting with the tenth legion��
had no more time to say anything to them but this�察�that they should
remember their wonted valour�察�not to be astonished�察�but bravely sustain
the enemy's encounter�察�and seeing the enemy had already approached within
a dart's cast�察�he gave the signal for battle�察�and going suddenly thence
elsewhere�察�to encourage others�察�he found that they were already engaged。;
Here is what he tells us in that place。 His tongue�察�indeed�察�did him
notable service upon several occasions�察�and his military eloquence was��
in his own time�察�so highly reputed�察�that many of his army wrote down his
harangues as he spoke them�察�by which means there were volumes of them
collected that existed a long time after him。 He had so particular a
grace in speaking�察�that his intimates�察�and Augustus amongst others��
hearing those orations read�察�could distinguish even to the phrases and
words that were not his。
The first time that he went out of Rome with any public command�察�he
arrived in eight days at the river Rhone�察�having with him in his coach a
secretary or two before him who were continually writing�察�and him who
carried his sword behind him。 And certainly�察�though a man did nothing
but go on�察�he could hardly attain that promptitude with which�察�having
been everywhere victorious in Gaul�察�he left it�察�and�察�following Pompey to
Brundusium�察�in eighteen days' time he subdued all Italy�察�returned from
Brundusium to Rome�察�from Rome went into the very heart of Spain�察�where he
surmounted extreme difficulties in the war against Afranius and Petreius��
and in the long siege of Marseilles�察�thence he returned into Macedonia��
beat the Roman army at Pharsalia�察�passed thence in pursuit of Pompey into
Egypt�察�which he also subdued�察�from Egypt he went into Syria and the
territories of Pontus�察�where he fought Pharnaces�察�thence into Africa��
where he defeated Scipio and Juba�察�again returned through Italy�察�where he
defeated Pompey's sons��
;Ocyor et coeli fiammis�察�et tigride foeta。;
�А�Swifter than lightning�察�or the cub´bearing tigress。;
Lucan�察�v。 405��
;Ac veluti montis saxum de�察�vertice praeceps
Cum ruit avulsum vento�察�seu turbidus imber
Proluit�察�aut annis solvit sublapsa vetustas��
Fertur in abruptum magno mons improbus actu��
Exultatque solo�察�silvas�察�armenta�察�virosque��
Involvens secum。;
�А�And as a stone torn from the mountain's top by the wind or rain
torrents�察�or loosened by age�察�falls massive with mighty force��
bounds here and there�察�in its course sweeps from the earth with it
woods�察�herds�察�and men。;AEneid�察�xii。 684。��
Speaking of the siege of Avaricum�察�he says�察�that it�察�was his custom to be
night and day with the pioneers。��Engineers。 D。W。�А�In all enterprises
of consequence he always reconnoitred in person�察�and never brought his
army into quarters till he had first viewed the place�察�and�察�if we may
believe Suetonius�察�when he resolved to pass over into England�察�he was the
first man that sounded the passage。
He was wont to say that he more valued a victory obtained by counsel than
by force�察�and in the war against Petreius and Afranius�察�fortune
presenting him with an occasion of manifest advantage�察�he declined it��
saying�察�that he hoped�察�with a little more time�察�but less hazard�察�to
overthrow his enemies。 He there also played a notable part in commanding
his whole army to pass the river by swimming�察�without any manner of
necessity��
;Rapuitque ruens in praelia miles��
Quod fugiens timuisset�察�iter�察�mox uda receptis
Membra fovent armis�察�gelidosque a gurgite�察�cursu
Restituunt artus。;
�А�The soldier rushing through a way to fight which he would have
been afraid to have taken in flight�此�then with their armour they
cover wet limbs�察�and by running restore warmth to their numbed
joints。;Lucan�察�iv。 151。��
I find him a little more temperate and considerate in his enterprises
than Alexander�察�for this man seems to seek and run headlong upon dangers
like an impetuous torrent which attacks and rushes against everything it
meets�察�without choice or discretion��
;Sic tauriformis volvitur Aufidus��
Qui regna Dauni perfluit Appuli��
Dum saevit�察�horrendamque cultis
Diluviem meditatur agris�察�
�А�So the biforked Aufidus�察�which flows through the realm of the
Apulian Daunus�察�when raging�察�threatens a fearful deluge to the
tilled ground。;Horat。�察�Od。�察�iv。 14�察�25。��
and�察�indeed�察�he was a general in the flower and first heat of his youth��
whereas Caesar took up the trade at a ripe and well advanced age�察�to
which may be added that Alexander was of a more sanguine�察�hot�察�and
choleric constitution�察�which he also inflamed with wine�察�from which
Caesar was very abstinent。
But where necessary occasion required�察�never did any man venture his
person more than he�此�so much so�察�that for my part�察�methinks I read in
many of his exploits a determinate resolution to throw himself away to
avoid the shame of being overcome。 In his great battle with those of
Tournay�察�he charged up to the head of the enemies without his shield��
just as he was seeing the van of his own army beginning to give ground'��
which also several other times befell him。 Hearing that his people were
besieged�察�he passed through the enemy's army in disguise to go and
encourage them with his presence。 Having crossed over to Dyrrachium with
very slender forces�察�and seeing the remainder of his army which he had
left to Antony's conduct slow in following him�察�he undertook alone to
repass the sea in a very great storms and privately stole away to fetch
the rest of his forces�察�the ports on the other side being seized by
Pompey�察�and the whole sea being in his possession。 And as to what he
performed by force of hand�察�there are many exploits that in hazard exceed
all the rules of war�察�for with how small means did he undertake to subdue
the kingdom of Egypt�察�and afterwards to attack the forces of Scipio and
Juba�察�ten times greater than his own�拭 �These people had�察�I know not what��
more than human confidence in their fortune�察�and he was wont to say